Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications最新文献

{"title":"Redundancy-aware island genetic algorithm for connected target coverage in wireless sensor networks","authors":"Khalil Benhaya ,&nbsp;Hocine Riadh ,&nbsp;Sonia Sabrina Bendib","doi":"10.1016/j.aeue.2026.156221","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeue.2026.156221","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We address energy-efficient connected target coverage in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), seeking the smallest active subset of sensors that covers all targets and remains connected to the sink. We propose a Redundancy-Aware Island Genetic Algorithm (RA-IGA). It combines a redundancy-aware mutation with a lightweight deterministic coverage-repair step that aims to activate as few additional sensors as needed to restore feasibility. It also uses a heterogeneous three-island model with periodic elite migration to maintain diversity and improve final quality under the same budget. RA-IGA is benchmarked against the improved genetic algorithm (IGA) and the modified marine predators algorithm (MMPA) across grid and random deployments while varying network size, target count, and field dimensions (up to <span><math><mrow><mi>N</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>400</mn></mrow></math></span>, <span><math><mrow><mi>K</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>200</mn></mrow></math></span>, <span><math><mrow><mi>L</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>500</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span>). RA-IGA consistently selects the fewest active sensors, reducing the active set by 5%–24% vs. IGA and <span><math><mo>≈</mo></math></span>48%–56% vs. MMPA, with tighter dispersion over 20 seeds. A Friedman test with Nemenyi post-hoc confirms <span><math><mrow><mi>p</mi><mo>&lt;</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>001</mn></mrow></math></span>. Because fewer actives generally reduce per-round energy under matched packet and model assumptions, these results suggest longer network lifetime. Ablations indicate that redundancy-aware mutation and repair drive sparsity while preserving feasibility. They also show that the heterogeneous island model helps escape single-population local optima, yielding better final solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50844,"journal":{"name":"Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 156221"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146080142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reconfigurable frequency selective surface for dual-band wireless communication and internet of things applications","authors":"Pooja Panda,&nbsp;Ashutosh Mahajan","doi":"10.1016/j.aeue.2026.156237","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeue.2026.156237","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this article, we present a dual-band reflective frequency selective surface (FSS) capable of electronically switching between the WLAN bands at 2.45 GHz and 5 GHz. The design employs a loop-based geometry to achieve band-stop functionality, with patterned structures implemented on both the top and bottom layers. Each unit cell integrates four PIN diodes, enabling two distinct switching states. The structure exhibits polarization sensitivity and demonstrates desirable performance under TE polarization. The unit cell dimensions are approximately 0.26<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>λ</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> at the lower operating frequency. A parallel biasing scheme is employed, and RF isolation within the DC biasing lines is ensured using six wire-wound inductors per unit cell. A prototype of size 28.8 cm <span><math><mo>×</mo></math></span> 28.8 cm is fabricated and experimentally characterized under normal incidence. The measured results validate the effectiveness of the proposed FSS, showing strong agreement with simulations. Both simulated and experimental responses show transmission coefficients below -16 dB at the stop bands and insertion losses below 3.3 dB at the pass bands.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50844,"journal":{"name":"Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 156237"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146080144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Over two octaves supercontinuum generation in low dispersion square lattice silica photonic crystal fiber","authors":"Duc Hoang Trong ,&nbsp;Lanh Chu Van ,&nbsp;Thuy Nguyen Thi","doi":"10.1016/j.aeue.2026.156238","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeue.2026.156238","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a numerical study on the optimization of square lattice silica photonic crystal fibers with variable pitch and a C₂Cl₄-infiltrated core, aiming to achieve tailored dispersion characteristics for efficient mid-infrared supercontinuum generation at 1.55 μm wavelength. The square cladding structure is known as an effective solution for generating smooth, flat-top SCGs, suitable for optical tomography applications. The first fiber has an ultra-flat all-normal dispersion profile with Δ<em>D</em> = ±0.889 ps/nm·km over a wavelength range of 0.352 μm. When pumped with 40 fs pulses at an input energy of 0.12 nJ, this fiber generates supercontinuum spectrum spanning from 0.811 to 2.44 μm (approximately 1.6 octaves), driven primarily by self phase modulation and optical wave breaking. The second fiber provides flat anomalous dispersion (Δ<em>D</em> = ±7.573 ps/nm·km over the same wavelength range as the first fiber), with a low dispersion value of 2.448 ps/nm·km at 1.55 μm. It supports soliton induced supercontinuum with a spectrum covering 0.788 to 3.673 μm (more than two octaves) using a pump pulse of 120 fs duration and an input energy of 0.48 nJ. These optimized fibers demonstrate strong potential for the realization of compact, cost effective supercontinuum generation sources applicable to mid-infrared nonlinear applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50844,"journal":{"name":"Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 156238"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147398935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Channel modeling and pointing error mitigation in inter-satellite optical links using a dynamic beam waist adjustment method","authors":"Mohamed O. Musa,&nbsp;Mohamed Naguib,&nbsp;Ahmed H. Elghandour,&nbsp;Alaa Eldin Rohiem","doi":"10.1016/j.aeue.2026.156246","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeue.2026.156246","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Inter-Satellite Optical Wireless Communication (IS-OWC) offers high-capacity links but suffers severe performance degradation due to pointing errors caused by satellite vibrations and jitter. To address this challenge, this paper presents a comprehensive channel modeling framework for IS-OWC links under pointing errors and proposes a Dynamic Beam Waist Adjustment (DBWA) technique that adaptively mitigates these impairments in real time without requiring prior statistical knowledge of the channel. Based on the proposed model, closed-form expressions are derived for performance metrics, including the average bit error probability, average bit error rate, and outage probability, under both non-coherent OOK and coherent BPSK modulation schemes. Monte Carlo simulations validate the analytical derivations and demonstrate that DBWA achieves up to a 46.6% improvement in channel gain and orders-of-magnitude reductions in error probability and outage compared to conventional fixed-waist configurations. Numerical results under varying pointing error levels, link distances, operating wavelengths, and receiver aperture sizes confirm the robustness and generality of the proposed framework. To the best of our knowledge, this work provides the first comprehensive analytical performance analysis of DBWA-equipped IS-OWC systems. The proposed method is computationally efficient, robust to misalignment, and establishes a foundation for reliable next-generation inter-satellite and deep-space optical networks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50844,"journal":{"name":"Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 156246"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146147241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A fully-matched sequential LMBA with arbitrary impedance transformation ratio: Analytical theory and design methodology","authors":"Ruibin Gao,&nbsp;Jingzhou Pang","doi":"10.1016/j.aeue.2026.156258","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeue.2026.156258","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper proposed a fully matched sequential load modulated balanced amplifier (FM-SLMBA) architecture. The proposed design employs a novel output matching strategy for the balanced power amplifier, combined with a specific phase compensation scheme. This approach enables the implementation of complex output matching networks with arbitrary phase features within the balanced path, while also enabling the matching between arbitrary optimal impedance of the balanced path transistors and the characteristic impedance of the output coupler. Consequently, the FM-SLMBA achieves broadband matching, unconstrained by active device parasitic parameters or optimal impedance limitations. The paper provides a detailed theoretical derivation and analysis of the operating mechanism of the FM-SLMBA, and the analytical solution of the matching networks is provided. To validate the theory, an ultra-wideband RF-input SLMBA utilizing commercially available gallium nitride (GaN) transistors was designed, fabricated, and tested. The fabricated FM-SLMBA operates across a 0.5–2.5 GHz frequency band, delivering a saturated output power of 45.8–47.9 dBm over this range. At a 10-dB output power back-off (OBO), it achieves drain efficiency of 42.0–57.5%. Furthermore, under modulated signal testing with a 100 MHz bandwidth, the amplifier demonstrated an ACLR better than −45.5 dBc after digital predistortion (DPD).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50844,"journal":{"name":"Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 156258"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146192926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance enhanced current-steering DAC using distributed dual randomization dynamic element matching technique","authors":"Smrutilekha Samanta ,&nbsp;Santanu Sarkar","doi":"10.1016/j.aeue.2026.156242","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeue.2026.156242","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The high-speed digital-to-analog-converters (DACs) mainly suffer from low dynamic performances due to mismatch induced non-linearities. The amplitude mismatch and timing mismatch are the major sources that critically challenge the DAC linearity at higher sampling frequencies. This article presents a 500 MHz 10-bit current-steering DAC (CS-DAC) that adopts distributed dual randomization Dynamic Element Matching (DDR-DEM) technique to address these challenges. The DDR-DEM CSDAC utilizes the advantage of distributed architecture to reduce the mid-code glitches. The dual randomization technique adds an additional degree of random rotation to suppress the non-linear distortion for high frequency DACs. The proposed architecture is designed in 180 nm CMOS process and occupies an area of 0.28 mm<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>. Monte-Carlo analysis shows this DAC achieves 71.6-dB spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) at the near Nyquist the frequency range. The power consumption of the proposed DDRDEM CS-DAC is observed approximately 21.2 mW from 1.8 V DC supply.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50844,"journal":{"name":"Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 156242"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147398922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proposal and analysis of high-gain vertically-polarized endfire leaky-wave antenna","authors":"Wan-Hao Xu ,&nbsp;Junbing Duan ,&nbsp;Lei Zhu ,&nbsp;Cheng Liao ,&nbsp;You-Feng Cheng ,&nbsp;Ting Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.aeue.2026.156218","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeue.2026.156218","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article investigates and analyzes the high-gain condition based on a vertically polarized (VP) endfire leaky-wave antenna by periodically loading parallel inductive elements on both sides of the double-sided parallel strip line. A radiation model of the employed leaky-wave antenna is firstly established to explore the effects of period length as well as propagation constants on the radiation gains and efficiencies. To achieve the high gain and efficiency, the structural influences of the antenna are then analyzed to explore the proper loading stub model to meet those requirements for the propagation characteristics. A prototype antenna is in final designed and fabricated to verify its performance in achieving high gain and efficiency radiation. The simulation results are in good agreement with the measured results, demonstrating the effectiveness of the resulted high-gain radiation condition for the VP endfire leaky-wave antenna.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50844,"journal":{"name":"Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 156218"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145982035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An improved closed-loop PWM control technique for single-phase full-bridge voltage source inverter","authors":"Debanjan Dhara,&nbsp;Ranajay Paul ,&nbsp;Suvarun Dalapati","doi":"10.1016/j.aeue.2026.156222","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeue.2026.156222","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For a single-phase full-bridge inverter, hybrid PWM switching is more preferable for continuous operation due to its reduced switching losses and lower thermal stress on individual semiconductor switches, without compromising in PWM output. On the other hand, One-Cycle-Control (OCC) is a non-linear control technique which is used in power-electronic converters for achieving very fast response and for compensating the dead-time distortion. This paper presents a novel closed-loop Hybrid PWM based OCC (HPOCC) technique for single-phase full-bridge inverter, generating switching pulses in hybrid PWM mode, thereby reducing switching losses, and also has the control dynamics similar to conventional-OCC. The proposed technique not only uses a single resettable integrator instead of two, as seen in conventional-OCC based single-phase full-bridge inverter, but also delivers improved quality output voltage, as compared to conventional OCC based single-phase full-bridge inverters. All these advantages make this technique a superior alternative to conventional-OCC. Thus, this PWM technique can fulfill the requirement for low switching-loss, fast dynamic performance and low total-harmonic-distortion (THD) in inverter-output. The performance of this technique is validated through mathematical analysis, simulation on a digital platform and experiments on a laboratory set-up, which confirm its superior nature as compared to conventional-OCC and Sine-PWM techniques.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50844,"journal":{"name":"Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 156222"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146080291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A dual-source energy harvester for battery-less agricultural IoT-sensor networks","authors":"Satendra Pathak ,&nbsp;D. Venkata Sai Reddy ,&nbsp;Anil Kumar Gautam ,&nbsp;Tushar Goel","doi":"10.1016/j.aeue.2026.156243","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeue.2026.156243","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A dual-source Solar-RF Energy Harvesting (DS-S-RFEH) system is designed and developed to offer battery-free power solutions for IoT-based sensor networks in agricultural applications. This article demonstrates a transparent, omnidirectional antenna-based Radio Frequency Energy harvesting system (RF-EHS) designed to be integrated onto a thin-film solar panel. The suggested technique enables battery-free operation of low-power electronic devices and sensors by concurrently converting renewable solar and RF radiation into usable DC power, for ensuring continuous, round-the-clock operation across diverse application domains. The RF-EHS consists of a single diode rectifier circuit (SDRC) featuring an SMS7630 Schottky diode, an omnidirectional fractal antenna that supports LTE, WLAN/Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth frequency bands, and a matching network that couples the rectifier circuit and receiving antenna to match their impedances for maximum power transmission. The performance of the proposed system was evaluated, and the simulated outcomes were physically verified using FR-4 and ITO-coated PET+ acrylic as transparent and opaque substrate materials. The system produces an average peak voltage of 1.15 V and a matching DC power rating of 0.58 mW at 10 dBm input power, resulting in an RF–DC conversion efficiency greater than 67%, according to the results of the experiment. For the FR-4 and ITO-coated PET substrates, the suggested receiving antennas show achieved gains of 4.82 dBi and 5.02 dBi, respectively. The ITO-coated PET substrate provides over 75% optical transparency and flexibility, which allows for smooth integration into thin-film solar panels without losing their photovoltaic efficiency, according to experimental results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50844,"journal":{"name":"Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 156243"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146192925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A fast transient dynamically biased output capacitor-less cascoded flipped voltage follower (CAFVF) LDO regulator","authors":"P. Manikandan","doi":"10.1016/j.aeue.2026.156216","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeue.2026.156216","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work proposes a fast transient, dynamically biased cascoded flipped voltage follower low-dropout (LDO) regulator. The proposed LDO is constructed based on a single-stage error amplifier (EA) and a cascoded flipped voltage follower. The proposed error amplifier dynamically biases the CAFVF and enhances the transient and stability performance of the LDO regulator. This work uses three different feed-forward transconductors along with one miller and two feed-forward small compensatory capacitors. Two of these feed-forward transconductors and three small compensation capacitors generate two low-frequency left-half-plane (LHP) zeros in conjunction with the self-feed-forward path. These LHP zeros are unaffected by load conditions and provide consistent phase lead for all the load cases. Another feed-forward transconductor converts the load-dependent right-half-plane (RHP) Miller zero to an LHP zero. The load-dependent LHP zero appears closer to the unity gain frequency (UGF) for a lightly loaded LDO, improving its stability under light load situations. The proposed frequency compensation technique stabilizes the LDO for load currents ranging from 0 to <span><math><mrow><mn>30</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>mA</mi></mrow></math></span>, with a maximum load capacitor of <span><math><mrow><mn>50</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>pF</mi></mrow></math></span>. The proposed LDO is designed using UMC <span><math><mrow><mn>90</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>nm</mi></mrow></math></span> CMOS technology and implemented with the Cadence Virtuoso tool. With a maximum quiescent current of <span><math><mrow><mn>91</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>3</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>μ</mi><mi>A</mi></mrow></math></span>, the proposed LDO achieves a minimum good slew rate (SR) of <span><math><mrow><mn>30</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>V</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>μ</mi><mi>s</mi></mrow></math></span> and minimum unity gain frequency of <span><math><mrow><mn>15</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>7</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>MHz</mi></mrow></math></span>, allowing it to settle faster with a settling time of <span><math><mrow><mn>30</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>ns</mi></mrow></math></span>. The reliability and robustness of the proposed LDO are verified using the process corners with an extreme temperature range and 200-point Monte Carlo simulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50844,"journal":{"name":"Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 156216"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145982036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}