{"title":"A cylindrical tightly coupled dipole array (TCDA) with circular polarization","authors":"Liangliang Zhao, Hailiang Zhu, Huiling Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.aeue.2025.155819","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeue.2025.155819","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Different from the regular TCDA, which maintains the characteristics of TCDA without bending the element, this paper first presents a novel cylindrical TCDA, of which the elements are connected by joinable design along the circumferential direction. By utilizing the cylindrical design and sequentially rotated feed technique, the axial ratio (AR) of the proposed TCDA over the whole band is less than 3 dB, showing a great circular polarization (CP) characteristic. Meanwhile, the proposed TCDA remains an ultrawideband property with 10.3:1 bandwidth (2.6–26.7 GHz) and an active VSWR < 3, within a wide-scanning range of ± 70°. Moreover, an 18-element cylindrical TCDA prototype is fabricated and measured, validating our design. Good agreement is obtained between the measured and simulated radiation patterns. Due to the distinctive features of cylindrical design, CP, ultra-wide bandwidth, and wide-angle scanning, the proposed TCDA expands the application fields operated in microwave to millimeter-wave.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50844,"journal":{"name":"Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 155819"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143898602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hoang-Yang Lu , S. Pourmohammad Azizi , Shyi-Chyi Cheng
{"title":"Deep-SOR detection for massive MIMO systems","authors":"Hoang-Yang Lu , S. Pourmohammad Azizi , Shyi-Chyi Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.aeue.2025.155815","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeue.2025.155815","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In massive MIMO systems, particularly in highly loaded scenarios where the number of transmit antennas approaches that of receive antennas, symbol detection faces significant challenges, including increased computational complexity and degraded performance. To address these issues, in the paper we propose a deep learning (DL)-assisted successive over-relaxation (SOR) detector. This detector utilizes two relaxation vectors to enhance performance, which are determined through DL training. Additionally, we introduce a convergence theorem and conduct simulations to validate their determination. Finally, simulation and complexity analysis results demonstrate that the proposed detector achieves superior performance with a moderate computational cost, especially in highly loaded scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50844,"journal":{"name":"Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 155815"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143882119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A tunable bandpass filter using substrate integrated waveguide resonator","authors":"Ecenaz İşcan , Ahmet Cemal Durgun","doi":"10.1016/j.aeue.2025.155814","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeue.2025.155814","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article presents a compact-size tunable wideband bandpass filter (BPF) design that can operate in the S/C Band. A hybrid approach combining lumped capacitors and the substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) technique is chosen. The goal is to decrease the size of BPF while improving its ability to shield it from the outside. Then, an electrically tunable version of the filter is enhanced using varactor diodes. This modification results in a minimal enlargement of the filter and negligible power consumption. Circuit representations of the BPFs and their correlation with simulations are also investigated to aid and expedite the design process. Finally, ground capacitors are converted into a distributed form for finely tuned capacitance values. The ideal parallel plate dimensions for the widest band are determined using optimization. Measurements of the manufactured BPFs exhibit a high correlation with the simulations. The developed compact-size tunable filter can be conveniently incorporated into modern wireless RF front-ends for multistandard applications that demand good selectivity, wide stopband, and tunability, enabling efficient spectrum management for 5G applications. The proposed filter also provides independent adjustment of the upper and lower cutoff frequencies with two control voltages, allowing precise operating range customization for asymmetric bandwidth adjustment or dynamic band allocation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50844,"journal":{"name":"Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 155814"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143886311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Corrugated-SIW-based leaky wave antenna with high beam scanning rate","authors":"Hai-Ming Zhu, Yong-Chang Jiao, Yonghui Qiu","doi":"10.1016/j.aeue.2025.155798","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeue.2025.155798","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, a novel leaky wave antenna (LWA) with high beam scanning rate, based on a slow-wave corrugated substrate integrated waveguide (CSIW), is designed and implemented. To induce the slow wave effect, a large number of periodic transverse slots are meticulously engraved on the upper conductor of the CSIW. Subsequently, the sinusoidal modulation is appropriately employed in these periodic slots, resulting in an efficient leakage mode. Moreover, to completely suppress the open stopband in the periodic LWA, the partial corrugated open-circuit stubs of the CSIW are suitably modified as the impedance converter. Finally, a prototype of the proposed LWA is fabricated and measured. The prototype measured results demonstrate that the proposed LWA achieves a wide unidirectional beam-scanning angle range from −31° to 46° with a narrow operating band from 11.4 GHz to 12.1 GHz.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50844,"journal":{"name":"Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 155798"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143874838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seong-Jin Kim , Hyo-Won Lee , Tae-Dong Yeo , Jeong-Wook Kim , Jong-Won Yu
{"title":"Single-step phase control method under cross-coupling between transmitting coils for omnidirectional wireless power transfer","authors":"Seong-Jin Kim , Hyo-Won Lee , Tae-Dong Yeo , Jeong-Wook Kim , Jong-Won Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.aeue.2025.155809","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeue.2025.155809","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper introduces a single-step phase control method to mitigate cross-coupling between transmitting (TX) coils in an omnidirectional wireless power transfer (OWPT) system. In OWPT systems, achieving zero cross-coupling is challenging due to slight variations in coil dimensions. Although the cross-coupling value may appear small, it can significantly impact transfer efficiency because the coupling coefficient between the TX and receiving (RX) coils is inherently low in OWPT systems. Consequently, this cross-coupling induces errors in TX currents and degrades efficiency. The proposed method compensates for TX current errors by adjusting the inverter phase in a single step using a superposition-based model, thereby enhancing efficiency. To validate the proposed method, we implemented an OWPT system consisting of three-orthogonal TX coils (150 mm in diameter) and a 60 × 70 <span><math><mrow><mi>m</mi><msup><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> planar RX coil operating at 6.78 MHz. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method, by adjusting the phase in a single step, achieves maximum efficiency and improves overall efficiency by more than 5.8%.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50844,"journal":{"name":"Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 155809"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143870586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A low complexity NOMA-aided DFrFT-OFDM-IM system for 5G and beyond communication","authors":"Shubham Anand, Subham Sabud, Preetam Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.aeue.2025.155799","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeue.2025.155799","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid advancement of 5G and beyond communication technologies is driving the demand for highly efficient, reliable, and interference-resilient wireless communication systems. Conventional orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems struggle with spectral efficiency (SE) limitations and intercarrier interference (ICI), especially in the presence of carrier frequency offset (CFO). To address these challenges, this work proposes a non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA)-aided discrete fractional Fourier transform-based OFDM with index modulation (DFrFT-OFDM-IM) system. By integrating NOMA with OFDM-IM, the proposed model enhances SE while leveraging the DFrFT to mitigate CFO-induced interference. A modified log-likelihood ratio (LLR) detector is employed to ensure low-complexity signal detection, closely approximating the performance of the optimal maximum likelihood (ML) detector. The proposed system is analyzed in a Rayleigh fading environment under various CFO conditions, subcarrier activation ratios, and number of subcarriers. Simulation results demonstrate significant performance gains over conventional NOMA-OFDM and NOMA-OFDM-IM systems, validating its effectiveness in supporting diverse use-case applications, including IoT, AR/VR, and high-speed multimedia transmission.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50844,"journal":{"name":"Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 155799"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143859725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Julia Nako , Georgia Tsirimokou , Costas Psychalinos , Ahmed S. Elwakil
{"title":"Approximation of complex coefficient filters","authors":"Julia Nako , Georgia Tsirimokou , Costas Psychalinos , Ahmed S. Elwakil","doi":"10.1016/j.aeue.2025.155800","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeue.2025.155800","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work presents approximations of two classes of complex filters, those with complex poles only and those with both complex poles and zeros. The approximation of these complex coefficient filter is based on a curve-fitting technique, where the magnitude response of the filters is approximated to a rational integer-order transfer function. The proposed approximation method is validated through MATLAB simulations and is experimentally verified using a Field Programmable Analog Array (FPAA) device, which offers digital programmability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50844,"journal":{"name":"Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 155800"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143868876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Challa Ram , M. Venkata Subbarao , Naveen Kumar Maurya , S. Yuvaraj
{"title":"A dual functional SSPP based microwave sensor for detecting volumetric concentration of alcohol mixtures and paper thickness","authors":"G. Challa Ram , M. Venkata Subbarao , Naveen Kumar Maurya , S. Yuvaraj","doi":"10.1016/j.aeue.2025.155796","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeue.2025.155796","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work presents a compact and novel dual-functional microwave sensor based on Spoof Surface Plasmon Polaritons (SSPP), designed for multi-component liquid analysis and thickness sensing. The proposed sensor, with dimensions of 16 <span><math><mo>×</mo></math></span> 14 mm, features a dual-layered structure comprising a grooved ring resonator excited by an SSPP-based transmission line. The sensor operates at multiple sharp resonant modes of 4.32 GHz, 8.17 GHz, and 11.56 GHz, enabling wide-spectrum and multi-band sensing capabilities. For liquid mixture analysis, the sensor effectively detects the volumetric concentration of multiple alcohols blended in varying proportions while maintaining a constant total mixture volume. Predictions based on resonance frequency shifts, extracted as critical input features, are made using machine learning algorithms employing multivariable regression, achieving an impressive overall average root mean squared error (RMSE) of 0.1156%. In addition to liquid analysis, the sensor demonstrates exceptional performance in thickness sensing, achieving a maximum sensitivity of 3.64 GHz/mm in the lower band and 3.35 GHz/mm in the upper band. These characteristics highlight its ability to detect minute variations in material properties with high precision. This dual-functional sensor provides a reliable and versatile solution for liquid mixture analysis and thickness sensing, representing a notable advancement in multi-functional microwave sensing technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50844,"journal":{"name":"Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 155796"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143864174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A six-port High Isolation millimeter wave MIMO antenna based on Array-antenna Decoupling Surface for Next-Generation Wireless Networks","authors":"Sathish Mani , Harikrishna Paik","doi":"10.1016/j.aeue.2025.155810","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeue.2025.155810","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a compact-sized six-port millimeter wave Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) antenna for next generation wireless network applications. A rectangular patch loaded with a Sierpinski slot is designed as a main radiator to resonate at 31 GHz in the millimeter wave spectrum on a hexagonal-shaped substrate. An Array-antenna Decoupling Surface (ADS) consisting of primary and secondary reflectors is embedded to improve the isolation in the MIMO system. The presented MIMO configuration has a footprint of 13.86 mm × 16 mm, designed on Rogers RT/Duroid 5880 substrate with a thickness of 0.508 mm. Despite its compactness, the proposed MIMO antenna provides an impressive isolation of about –35 dB between the adjacent ports and a satisfactory gain of 9.8 dB in the whole band of operation. A prototype of the design is fabricated and tested. The measured results show a –10 dB impedance bandwidth in the range of 30.2–31.8 GHz. The investigated diversity parameters resulted in an Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC) below 0.18, Channel Capacity Loss (CCL) less than 0.1 bits/s/Hz, and Group Delay within 1.2 ns. Based on these attributes, the suggested MIMO antenna may be well suited for compatibility with millimeter-wave high-capacity wireless networks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50844,"journal":{"name":"Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 155810"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143870583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enhanced connectivity and efficiency in wireless networks using IRS-assisted TDMA-NOMA for cell-edge users","authors":"Smriti Dubey, Neelesh Mehra, Devendra Kumar Shakya","doi":"10.1016/j.aeue.2025.155788","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeue.2025.155788","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, an IRS-assisted TDMA-NOMA system has been investigated. The focus is on improving connectivity for cell-edge users (CEUs) lacking direct communication with the base station (BS) in the wireless communication system. By leveraging intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRS), this TDMA-NOMA framework provides connectivity using time-sharing for optimal resource allocation to the CEUs. Outage probabilities, system throughput, and system efficiency are the performance measures that describe the proposed scheme’s performance in both full-duplex (FD) and half-duplex (HD) modes. More particularly, the outage probabilities for three users on a time-sharing basis have been derived and expressed in closed form. Furthermore, expressions are presented to describe the system’s energy efficiency and throughput. Mathematical derivations and simulation results demonstrate that IRS-assisted TDMA-NOMA significantly outperforms traditional schemes of NOMA. FD mode excels in low SNR environments, and HD mode shows superior performance at higher SNRs due to reduced self-interference.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50844,"journal":{"name":"Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 155788"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143870546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}