Agricultural and Forest Meteorology最新文献

{"title":"Metrics of plant response to CO2 Enrichment","authors":"Leon H. Allen ,&nbsp;Bruce A. Kimball ,&nbsp;James A. Bunce ,&nbsp;Kenneth J. Boote ,&nbsp;Jeffrey W. White","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110557","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110557","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This LETTER discusses metrics that can be used to quantify plant response to fluctuating elevated CO₂ such as in Free-Air CO₂ Enrichment (FACE) compared to that at constant elevated CO₂, both with the same average elevated CO₂ concentration. The concept of <u>Reduction in CO</u>₂<u>-stimulated uptake rate in oscillating elevated CO</u>₂ (Holtum and Winter, 2003), abbreviated as RCS, value = 0.33, is the FIRST METRIC of plant response in oscillating elevated CO₂ compared to constant elevated CO₂. RCS, which includes ambient CO₂ in its calculation, inadequately describes the actual response of plants grown in fluctuating elevated CO₂. Furthermore, the SECOND METRIC, <u>Relative Response Ratio</u> of Allen et al. (2020b), abbreviated as RRR, where RRR = 1.0 – RCS with a value of 0.67, also inadequately describes the response of plants grown in fluctuating elevated CO₂. A THIRD METRIC of plant response to CO₂ enrichment, “Plant response in fluctuating elevated CO₂ / Plant response in constant elevated CO₂”, <em>F_el/C_el</em>, average value of 0.85, represents the response to fluctuating CO₂ in FACE. For completeness, a FOURTH METRIC (<em>F_el/Amb</em>) and FIFTH METRIC (<em>C_el/Amb</em>) are defined. A variation of the FOURTH METRIC, [<em>(F_e</em>_l <em>–Amb)/Amb</em>] X 100], has been widely used to report yield responses to FACE.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50839,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","volume":"370 ","pages":"Article 110557"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143898857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microclimate of large solitary trees along rural-to-urban gradients across Europe","authors":"Astrid Van den Bossche ,&nbsp;Karlien Moeys ,&nbsp;Karen De Pauw ,&nbsp;Koenraad Van Meerbeek ,&nbsp;Arno Thomaes ,&nbsp;Jörg Brunet ,&nbsp;Sara A.O. Cousins ,&nbsp;Martin Diekmann ,&nbsp;Bente J. Graae ,&nbsp;Jenny Hagenblad ,&nbsp;Paige Heavyside ,&nbsp;Per-Ola Hedwall ,&nbsp;Thilo Heinken ,&nbsp;Siyu Huang ,&nbsp;Jonathan Lenoir ,&nbsp;Jessica Lindgren ,&nbsp;Sigrid Lindmo ,&nbsp;Leonie Mazalla ,&nbsp;Tobias Naaf ,&nbsp;Anna Orczewska ,&nbsp;Pieter De Frenne","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110585","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110585","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Large solitary trees are keystone features for biodiversity in many urban and rural landscapes around the world. Yet, because of their isolation, they do not benefit from the buffering effect of neighbouring trees as in forests. As they are more exposed, solitary trees are more vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, such as extreme droughts, heat waves, and wind gusts. Research on microclimates below solitary trees is scarce and a more detailed understanding is needed to better understand and predict the future impacts of climate change on their associated biodiversity and ecosystem services. Here we quantified air temperatures and vapour pressure deficits below the crown of &gt;200 trees along rural-to-urban gradients for three tree species (oak, ash, and lime) across nine European cities. We recorded microclimate measurements every 30 min for 10 months and analysed the effects of the surrounding built-up area and how different tree species influence microclimatic conditions. The microclimate below trees in more urban areas was overall warmer and drier than below rural trees, whereby 10 % more built-up area caused average summer air temperatures to increase by 0.1 °C and average vapour pressure deficits by 0.02 kPa. Oak and lime were able to dampen the temporal fluctuations of air temperature and vapour pressure deficit more than ash and were able to mitigate maximum summer temperatures 0.55 °C more than ash. Our research thus underpins that solitary trees shape their own species-specific microclimate. We advocate for integrated tree planning to preserve and provide space for solitary trees, and by adopting solitary trees as key components of urban and rural green infrastructures, we can improve microclimatic conditions and enhance biodiversity, ultimately creating more sustainable and liveable landscapes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50839,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","volume":"370 ","pages":"Article 110585"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143898855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drought impact on tree productivity: Varying roles of tree size and structural diversity in 18 woody species along gradients of slow-fast growth strategies","authors":"Galen Hanby,&nbsp;Omkar Joshi,&nbsp;Lu Zhai","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110592","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110592","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Previous studies have shown significant variation in drought effects on forest productivity, potentially linked to differing structural attributes among forest ecosystems. However, the influences of tree size and structural diversity, especially across different species, remain poorly understood. We analyzed large-scale forest survey data to examine the interactive effects of structural attributes and drought on the growth of 18 dominant species in southcentral U.S. forests. Additionally, we explored five functional traits to understand their association with these effects. Our findings reveal species-specific responses to the interactive effects of drought with tree height and structural diversity on tree growth, ranging from negative (amplifying) to positive (mitigating). Greater tree height had more pronounced mitigating effects in species with a slow growth strategy, characterized by short maximum heights and high leaf dry mass. Greater structural diversity also mitigated drought effects, particularly in species with low specific leaf area, leaf nitrogen content, and deeper rooting. Our study provides insights for projecting and managing forest productivity under drought by considering the forest structures and species-specific growth strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50839,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","volume":"369 ","pages":"Article 110592"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143894767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing long-term weather variability impacts on annual grain yields using a maize simulation model","authors":"Kathryn E. White ,&nbsp;David H. Fleisher ,&nbsp;Michel A. Cavigelli ,&nbsp;Dennis J. Timlin ,&nbsp;Harry H. Schomberg","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110593","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110593","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Process-based model simulation studies using legacy data can be used to expand LTAR (Long-Term Agroecosystem Research) enabling exploration of factors otherwise difficult to measure in the field. Management strategies to improve yield stability in response to long-term weather variability can be readily evaluated. MAIZSIM is a coupled crop and soil simulation model that simulates processes at an hourly time-step. The model was evaluated using 20 years of management and yield data from the ARS Farming Systems Project (FSP) in Beltsville, MD. We also compared model performance relative to previously reported empirical relationships between growing season weather and FSP yield. The model was calibrated using two parameters (staygreen, juvenile leaf number). Model fit was good (Index of Agreement = 0.92, Mean Bias Error = 51 kg ha^-1), but low measured yields were overpredicted and high measured yields were underpredicted. The effect of interannual weather variability was comparable between measured and modeled yields and followed FSP empirical relationships, revealing that MAIZSIM simulated long-term agronomic trends associated with annual weather patterns supporting use of similar model applications when LTAR data aren’t available. Commonality analysis revealed that cumulative precipitation from 9 to 13 weeks and heat stress from 8 to 13 weeks after planting accounted for 62 % of explained (R² = 0.84) annual simulated yield variation. Adapting management strategies (cultivar selection, planting rate, planting date) to avoid critical period water and heat stress could help to minimize yield losses, particularly under future weather scenarios with more variable precipitation patterns and higher growing season temperatures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50839,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","volume":"370 ","pages":"Article 110593"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143898858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Ready-to-Implementation subseasonal crop growth predictions in central Southwestern Asia: A machine learning-climate dynamical hybrid strategy","authors":"Tao Zhu ,&nbsp;Mengqian Lu ,&nbsp;Jing Yang ,&nbsp;Qing Bao ,&nbsp;Stacey New ,&nbsp;Yuxian Pan ,&nbsp;Ankang Qu ,&nbsp;Xinyao Feng ,&nbsp;Jun Jian ,&nbsp;Shuai Hu ,&nbsp;Baoxiang Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110582","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110582","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Responding to the urgent need for precise, one-month-ahead crop growth predictions in Central Southwestern Asia (CSWA), this study introduces a fully operational convolutional neural network (CNN)-climate dynamical hybrid model designed for real-time agricultural planning and management. It is engineered to accurately forecast the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), a vital indicator of crop health, with a one-month lead time. The model integrates multi-temporal data, including soil moisture and temperature from the preceding months, and historical NDVI, enhancing its predictive accuracy with 500hPa geopotential heights and 2-meter surface temperatures refined through a U-Net-based CNN. These meteorological inputs are sourced from the Flexible Global Ocean–Atmosphere–Land System Model finite volume version 2 (FGOALS-f2), an advanced global dynamical prediction system. Empirical validation across CSWA demonstrates the model’s robust performance, with pattern correlation coefficients of 0.60, 0.70, and 0.58, root mean squared errors of 0.036, 0.029, and 0.022, and sign consistency rates of 74.8 %, 77.1 %, and 73.3 % for April, May, and June, respectively. Seamlessly integrated into the operational framework of FGOALS-f2, this model enables real-time, one-month advance predictions of NDVI. This pioneering approach not only enhances the accuracy of subseasonal crop growth forecasts in CSWA but also sets a new standard for subseasonal climate services.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50839,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","volume":"370 ","pages":"Article 110582"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143898859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon sequestration capacity of a prairie pothole wetland under warm and dry conditions","authors":"W. Oshini K. Fernando,&nbsp;Samuel G. Woodman,&nbsp;Stewart B. Rood,&nbsp;Lawrence B. Flanagan","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110594","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110594","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Prairie Pothole wetlands have large temporal changes in water status. The wetlands are often flooded, with water above the soil surface during the early growing season, while becoming dry during the later growing season or for years under strong drought. We used the eddy covariance technique to assess the potential for ecosystem carbon sequestration as a natural climate solution in a large Prairie Pothole wetland in southern Alberta (Frank Lake wetland complex) that was dominated by the emergent macrophyte, <em>Schoenoplectus acutus</em> L. (bulrush). We made ecosystem-scale measurements of CO₂ and CH₄ exchange over two growing seasons during a time-period with environmental conditions that were warmer and drier than the climate normal. In particular, the study was conducted while the wetland had been experiencing a decade-long drought based on the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index. To provide perspective on the longer-term temporal variability of ecosystem carbon exchange processes, we also used LandSat NDVI measurements of vegetation greenness, calibrated with eddy covariance measurements of ecosystem CO₂ exchange during 2022–23, to estimate carbon sequestration capacity during 1984–2023, a period that included several wet-dry cycles. Our measured growing season-integrated net CO₂ uptake values were 47 and 70 g C m⁻² season⁻¹ in 2022 and 2023, respectively. Including the measured low methane emissions (converted to CO₂ equivalents based on a Sustained Global Warming Potential) only changed the net sink to 40 and 67 g C m⁻² season⁻¹ in 2022 and 2023, respectively. Despite drought conditions over the last decade, measured ecosystem carbon sequestration values were close to average values during 1984–2023, based on NDVI measurements and model carbon flux calculations. Our results demonstrated net carbon sequestration as a natural climate solution in a Prairie Pothole wetland, even during a time-period that was not expected to be favourable for carbon sequestration because of the drought conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50839,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","volume":"369 ","pages":"Article 110594"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143892100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reconciling plant water stress response using vegetation and soil moisture data assimilation for vegetation-soil-hydrology interaction estimation over the Chinese Loess Plateau","authors":"Zunyun Shu ,&nbsp;Baoqing Zhang ,&nbsp;Liuyang Yu ,&nbsp;Xining Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110581","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110581","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Vegetation, soil, and hydrological processes interact with each other in the Earth's ecosystem. The coupling of leaf area index (LAI) and evapotranspiration (ET), &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;c&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;o&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;r&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;L&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;A&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;I&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;,&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;E&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;T&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, is a critical process for controlling water, carbon, and energy cycles during these interactions. However, current land surface models (LSMs) inadequately reproduce &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;c&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;o&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;r&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;L&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;A&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;I&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;,&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;E&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;T&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; owing to plant water stress (&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mi&gt;β&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;)-induced uncertainty, degrading the credibility of modeled ecohydrological responses to vegetation change. Here, we evaluate the performance of &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;c&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;o&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;r&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;L&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;A&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;I&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;,&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;E&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;T&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; in the Noah with multiparameterization options (Noah-MP) LSM across three &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mi&gt;β&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; functions, and investigate the role of assimilating LAI and soil moisture (SM) in enhancing &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;c&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;o&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;r&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;L&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;A&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;I&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;,&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;E&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;T&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; over the Chinese Loess Plateau. We find that substantial variations in LAI under different β functions slightly affect corresponding ET modeling, and the modeled &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;c&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;o&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;r&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;L&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;A&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;I&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;,&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;E&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;T&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; exhibits an approximate 10 %‒35 % bias compared with observation-based estimates. Assimilating LAI generally provides a reduced &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mi&gt;β&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; and 21 % mean reduction in &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;c&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;o&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;r&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;L&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;A&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;I&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;,&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;E&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;T&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; bias across the three &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mi&gt;β&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; functions. This is mainly because the benefits gained from LAI observations reflect realistic vegetation growth and water uptake states, reconciling the negative effects owing to reduced &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mi&gt;β&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;. However, SM assimilation yields a 12 % reduction, 3 % increase, and 9 % increase in &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;c&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;o&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;r&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;L&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;A&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;I&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;,&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;E&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;T&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; bias across the three &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mi&gt;β&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; functions, likely attributable to &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mi&gt;β&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;-induced carbon cycle uncertainties and the increased errors in interpolated SM satellite observations. Multivariate assimilation integrates LAI and SM observations and provides the largest reduction in &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;c&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;o&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;r&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;(","PeriodicalId":50839,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","volume":"369 ","pages":"Article 110581"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143886218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging evidence for delaying effect of winter warming on green-up onset in alpine grasslands on the Tibetan Plateau","authors":"Shiyuan Wu ,&nbsp;Zhiyong Yang ,&nbsp;Miaogen Shen ,&nbsp;Bo Fang ,&nbsp;Lei Zhang ,&nbsp;Lihao Zhang ,&nbsp;Wenquan Zhu ,&nbsp;Nan Jiang ,&nbsp;Tsechoe Dorji ,&nbsp;Shiping Wang ,&nbsp;Shilong Piao","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110586","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110586","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Experimental and observational evidence indicates that spring warming advances the green-up onset of woody plants, while winter warming delays it. However, evidence for herbaceous plants is limited, leaving a gap in our understanding of how their green-up onset respond to winter warming, which complicates predictions of phenological shifts under long-term climate change. Particularly in the alpine grasslands of the Tibetan Plateau (TP), there are strong debates over whether green-up onset is influenced by winter temperatures. We conducted a three-year <em>in situ</em> manipulative winter warming experiment in an alpine grassland in the central TP (4550 m above sea level) and found that the experimental winter warming delayed green-up onset for three out of four species (three dominant and one common in the TP alpine grasslands) and for the community, by reducing chill accumulation and increasing growing degree-days. This effect was more pronounced in species with earlier green-up onset, indicating a stronger reliance on chilling cues to avoid frost risk. However, the convergent cross mapping method did not detect a causal effect of winter temperature on green-up onset from long-term ground and satellite observations across the TP. Our findings indicate the impacts of winter warming on the green-up onset of alpine herbaceous plants on the TP with implications for improving phenology models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50839,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","volume":"369 ","pages":"Article 110586"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143886270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnitude, drivers, and patterns of gross primary productivity of rice in Arkansas using a calibrated vegetation photosynthesis model","authors":"Riasad Bin Mahbub ,&nbsp;Michele L. Reba ,&nbsp;Benjamin R.K. Runkle","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110583","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110583","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An estimate of the gross primary productivity (GPP) of rice fields is instrumental for understanding both their harvest yield and landscape greenhouse gas dynamics. Rice contributes $1.7 billion annually to Arkansas’s economy, however, there is a lack of understanding of the spatial variation of rice’s GPP and its predictors. We employ the satellite-based vegetation photosynthesis model (VPM) to estimate GPP for Arkansas rice cropland and evaluate our model findings against 16 site-seasons in-situ data (eddy covariance; EC). At the site scale (individual ∼10–30 ha rice fields), the results evaluated against 16 site-seasons revealed that the VPM with site-measured meteorological information (<em>R</em>² = 0.6, mean absolute error (MAE) = 3.68 g C <em>m</em>⁻² day^-1, and bias = -0.33 g C <em>m</em>⁻² day^-1) only slightly outperforms the VPM based on gridded meteorological information (<em>R</em>² = 0.57, MAE = 3.75 g C <em>m</em>⁻² day⁻¹, and bias = -0.22 g C <em>m</em>⁻² day⁻¹). Across the state’s rice fields (2008–2020), the mean photosynthetic carbon uptake of Arkansas rice fields was modeled as 1801 ± 288 g C <em>m</em>⁻² year⁻¹. Across rice production ecological zones, significant differences in the enhanced vegetation index and land surface water index between the Grand Prairie and Middle Delta regions, despite similar temperature and photosynthetic active radiation, suggest that regional agronomic and soil differences are more influential on GPP variation than climatic factors. The modeled annual cumulative GPP was positively correlated (<em>R</em>² = 0.16) with the county-scale yield. Our results demonstrated the potential importance of agronomic practices in the Grand Prairie region and enhanced vegetation index for understanding the spatial variation of GPP.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50839,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","volume":"369 ","pages":"Article 110583"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143878625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Precipitation recycling of water used for irrigation in Central Brazil","authors":"Livia Maria Brumatti,&nbsp;Raphael Pousa,&nbsp;Ana Beatriz Santos,&nbsp;Igor Fernandes Erhardt,&nbsp;Julia Sprangim Meira,&nbsp;Gustavo Mairink,&nbsp;Everardo Chartuni Mantovani,&nbsp;Marcos Heil Costa","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110587","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110587","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>About half of Brazil’s water demand is for irrigation, which has expanded greatly in Central Brazil in the last several decades. This study aims to estimate the feedback of irrigation on the regional climate system. More specifically, we estimate the amount of water withdrawals for irrigation in four irrigation zones in Central Brazil reprecipitate locally and in downwind regions. First, we used satellite data products to characterize the irrigation activity in four irrigation zones in Central Brazil during 2001–2018 and to estimate the water withdrawals from the rivers. Second, we used a reprecipitation dataset to estimate the fate of evapotranspiration from these irrigation areas. Then, we separated how much moisture recycling comes from rainfall and how much comes from irrigation. Finally, we calculated how much of the moisture was recycled locally and in downwind regions. Our results show an expansion of irrigation activity, with an increase in the number of center pivots, irrigation area, irrigation depth, and water used for irrigation. We also observed an increase in precipitation recycling over these years due to the presence of additional moisture in the atmosphere, with part of it falling in the same basin where irrigation occurred (about 4 %-8 %) and the other part flowing to other regions of the continent, mainly to the Paraná-Prata basin. On average, half of the water removed from Central Brazilian rivers for irrigation reprecipitates in South America. Our study demonstrates that, in addition to increasing crop production, irrigation can contribute to precipitation locally and in other parts of South America.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50839,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","volume":"369 ","pages":"Article 110587"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143877007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}