Agricultural and Forest Meteorology最新文献

{"title":"The influence of 3D canopy structure on modelled photosynthesis","authors":"Megan A. Stretton ,&nbsp;Tristan Quaife ,&nbsp;Phil Wilkes ,&nbsp;Mat Disney","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110437","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110437","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vegetation is one of the largest terrestrial sinks of atmospheric carbon dioxide, driven by the balance between photosynthesis and respiration. Understanding the processes behind this net flux is critical, as it influences the global atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration and hence climate change. A key factor determining the carbon flux into the land surface is the absorption of light by vegetation, used to drive photosynthesis. However, climate models commonly represent vegetation canopies as homogenous slabs of randomly positioned leaves. By contrast, real forests generally exhibit large amounts of 3-dimensional heterogeneity.</div><div>We examine the impact of including measured 3D vegetation canopy structure on modelled gross primary productivity (GPP) by looking at how leaf area is distributed. We introduce a methodology to calculate GPP using output from the explicit Discrete Anisotropic Radiative Transfer (DART) model, following the approach commonly used in land surface schemes. The sensitivity of modelled GPP to canopy structure assumptions in Earth system models is explored, using 3D structural information derived from six forest plots using Terrestrial Lidar Scanning (TLS) data. Here, we use the spatial resolution as a proxy for the canopy structure, with the very coarsest simulations containing no spatial variability in leaf location, with variability introduced as the resolution of the simulations becomes finer. In almost all cases, the simulated GPP is reduced, and with the finest resolution this is up to 25 %. This contrasts with recent studies showing the opposite effect. In the few cases where the GPP increased, this was only marginal (&lt; 2.5 %). These results suggest that not accounting for the impact of 3-dimensional canopy structure could lead to significant biases in land surface models, particularly in forest's contribution to the global carbon budget. We suggest that vegetation structure is considered, explicitly or through a correction factor, alongside a comparison to existing clumping approaches.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50839,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","volume":"366 ","pages":"Article 110437"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143618163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unravelling the 3D thermal environment differences between forest center and edge: A case study on 22 urban forests in Hefei city, China","authors":"Qingqing Ma ,&nbsp;Yongxian Su ,&nbsp;Xiuzhi Chen ,&nbsp;Xiu Meng ,&nbsp;Fengyu Zhang ,&nbsp;Raffaele Lafortezza ,&nbsp;Yiyong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110481","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110481","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban forests with various structures can bring considerable but divergent biophysical cooling and humidification effects on their local climate. Thus, it is crucial to unravel the 3D thermal environment within urban forests and their relationship with forest structure, which are helpful for the urban forest planning and design. In this study, we continuously observed the air temperature (T_a) at different vertical layers from canopy to land surface as well as the soil surface temperature (T_s) from the forest center to 5 m outside the forest edge across 22 urban forests in Hefei city, China. Indicators of forest structure such as tree height, diameter at breast height (DBH), crown diameter and leaf traits were associated with their 3D thermal environments for exploring the underlying mechanisms. We found that T_s was 1.43 °C lower than the understory air temperature (T_{a understory}) in forest center but 10.90 °C higher than T_{a understory} outside the forest. Additionally, tree height largely influenced the buffering distance from forests center to the places with T_s = T_{a understory} (L_{Ts=Ta understory Lcenter}), being 4.41 m, 5.80 m and 7.75 m in short (&lt; 7 m), medium (7–9 m) and tall (&gt;9 m) canopy forests, respectively. The temperature difference between forest center and 5 m outside the forest (ΔTemperature) varied significantly at different vertical layers, with ΔT_s greater than 10 °C, ΔT_{a understory} and ΔT_{a bottom canopy} at around 2 °C, and no difference for ΔT_{a upper canopy}. Regression analysis showed different relationships of forest structure and leaf traits with ΔTemperature between vertical layers. Tree height, forest area and DBH showed significant positive relationships with L_{Ts=Ta understory Lcenter}. The study, for the first time, demonstrate the 3D thermal environments of urban forests, quantify the role of forest structure and leaf traits in predicting forest cooling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50839,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","volume":"366 ","pages":"Article 110481"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143627748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fire increases the risk of hydraulic failure of woody species: Evidence from an experiment and a meta-analysis","authors":"Rui Zhang ,&nbsp;Yaxin Zhang ,&nbsp;Aolin Niu ,&nbsp;Chuankuan Wang ,&nbsp;Ying Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110495","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110495","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fire-induced damage to plant tissues can affect the capacities for water transport, carbon fixation, and carbon utilization, potentially resulting in immediate or delayed post-fire tree mortality. In this study, we measured leaf and stem hydraulic (pressure-volume traits, hydraulic conductivity, and embolism resistance) and economic (photosynthesis, non-structural carbohydrates, and nutrients) traits of <em>Larix gmelinii</em> following fire events in northeastern China. To obtain a comprehensive understanding of fire effects on tree hydraulics and economics, we also conducted a meta-analysis to explore the global universal responses of tree carbon-water physiological traits to fire. Our experimental study showed that fire led to reductions in stem embolism resistance, hydraulic safety margin, vulnerability segmentation margin, and leaf non-structural carbohydrates, implying that fire would increase the vulnerability to drought and diminish the ability to repair embolism. Our global meta-analysis further validated the reduction in stem embolism resistance, while the hydraulic traits of angiosperms were more sensitive to fire than those of gymnosperms. Furthermore, angiosperms and gymnosperms also showed opposite responses to fire in photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance, with positive responses in angiosperms and negative responses in gymnosperms. Therefore, angiosperms typically up-regulate photosynthetic rates and stomatal conductance to enhance carbon assimilation, even at the risk of hydraulic failure after fire. In contrast, gymnosperms, including <em>Larix gmelinii</em>, tend to close stomata to compensate the increased stem embolism vulnerability and preserve hydraulic safety following fire. Overall, by combining an experimental study with a meta-analysis, we suggest that fire increases the risk of hydraulic failure in woody species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50839,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","volume":"366 ","pages":"Article 110495"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143590173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lower carbon uptake rates resulting from converting wooded Cerrado to pasture-dominated agricultural area in the Brazilian savanna","authors":"Yuqing Zhao ,&nbsp;David Holl ,&nbsp;Jamil A.A. Anache ,&nbsp;Alex N.A. Kobayashi ,&nbsp;Edson Wendland","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110465","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110465","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Agricultural expansion in the Brazilian Cerrado ecoregion has been causing extensive land use and land cover changes (LULCC), drastically shifting the carbon cycle dynamics of the affected ecosystems. However, accurate in situ observations of the net ecosystem exchange of carbon dioxide (NEE) from wooded Cerrado (<em>Cerrado sensu stricto</em>) as well as from post-conversion agricultural landscapes are lacking, with the limited amount of impact assessments in the literature being primarily based on remotely sensed data. This study presents a multi-annual time series of temporal high-resolution eddy covariance carbon dioxide fluxes, measured on the border between a wooded Cerrado and a post-conversion agricultural area, primarily used as a pasture, in southeastern Brazil. We investigated multiple setups of NEE partitioning methods to separate NEE into its components gross primary production (GPP) and total ecosystem respiration (TER). We combined these component partitioning models with source area partitioning methods to estimate component fluxes for the two contrasting ecosystems within the tower footprint. Model results were compared against remotely sensed vegetation indices and flux data from similar ecosystems. We found that converting native wooded Cerrado to a pasture-dominated agricultural area decreased the landscape’s NEE carbon (NEE-C) uptake by up to 494 g m^-2 yr^-1 (73 %). The wooded Cerrado had an annual cumulative NEE-C of -639 ± 20 g m^-2 yr^-1 and -673 ± 19 g m^-2 yr^-1 in 2019 and 2020, respectively. In comparison, the pasture had lower annual cumulative NEE-C of -146 ± 39 g m^-2 yr^-1 and -179 ± 38 g m^-2 yr^-1 in the same years. The pasture exhibited lower light use efficiency (LUE) and NEE-C uptake in the dry season, resulting in lower annual NEE-C uptake. Additionally, the pasture showed greater sensitivity to precipitation changes, leading to higher seasonal variations in carbon dioxide fluxes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50839,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","volume":"366 ","pages":"Article 110465"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143590174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global distribution of leaf maximum carboxylation rate derived from the TROPOMI solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence data","authors":"Xiaoping Wang ,&nbsp;Jing M. Chen ,&nbsp;Liming He ,&nbsp;Weimin Ju","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110496","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110496","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photosynthesis plays an important role in the terrestrial carbon cycle and is often studied using terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs). The maximum carboxylation rate at 25 °C (V_cmax25) is a key parameter in TBMs, and yet the information on the spatiotemporal distribution of this parameter is uncertain. In this study, we retrieved the global distribution of V_cmax25 at 0.25° resolution based on TROPOMI-observed solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) and meteorological forcing data using a parameter optimization technique. This study improves global mapping of V_cmax25 using TROPOMI's SIF and MODIS photochemical reflectance index (PRI) for accurate GPP estimation by sunlit leaves in the following aspects: the previous method relied on an empirical estimation of the ratio of SIF per unit sunlit leaf area to that per unit shaded leaf area (<em>β</em>), while <em>β</em> here was derived from a look-up table (LUT) constructed using the Soil-Canopy Observation of Photosynthesis and Energy (SCOPE) model. Validated at two flux tower sites, the LUT method explained most of the variation in <em>β</em> with <em>R²</em> = 0.71 and 0.67, RMSE=0.19 and 0.15 and Slope=0.84 and 0.70 for two ground validation sites. We calculated the global ratio of SIF from sunlit to that from shaded leaves (<em>SIF_ratio</em>), and found that the <span><math><mrow><mi>S</mi><mi>I</mi><mi>F</mi><mo>_</mo><mi>r</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>o</mi></mrow></math></span> had a strong spatio-temporal variability with a global average of approximately 4.6, and that the contribution of SIF from shaded leaves to the canopy total was &lt;20 %. The optimized V_cmax25 from TROPOMI was validated against V_cmax25 derived from concurrent flux data at 27 sites distributed globally using an independent method (R² = 0.39 - 0.65, RMSE = 6.47 - 21.74 μmol m^-2 s^-1 and rRMSE =0.14–0.36). Based on the improved global V_cmax25 map, we found that, spatially, V_cmax25 varies significantly with latitude and between- and within-plant function types (PFTs), and temporally, it has strong seasonal variation in all PFTs except evergreen broadleaf forests. The new global V_cmax25 dataset would be useful for improving terrestrial GPP modelling from the current state of the art of using constant V_cmax25 values by plant functional type.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50839,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","volume":"366 ","pages":"Article 110496"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143592676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heterogeneous land surface phenology challenges the comparison among PlanetScope, HLS, and VIIRS detections in semi-arid rangelands","authors":"Yuxia Liu,&nbsp;Xiaoyang Zhang,&nbsp;Khuong H. Tran,&nbsp;Yongchang Ye,&nbsp;Yu Shen,&nbsp;Shuai An","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110497","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110497","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Semi-arid rangelands in the western United States offer crucial ecosystem services and exhibit dynamic responses to climate change. Monitoring land surface phenology (LSP) in semi-arid rangelands using multi-scale satellite observations provides valuable insights to enhance management and sustainability efforts. This study investigates the multi-scale LSP metrics across fine (3 m), moderate (30 m), and coarse (450 m) resolutions, derived from PlanetScope, Harmonized Landsat and Sentinel-2 (HLS), and Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS). After detecting phenometrics from 3-m PlanetScope data, we analyzed phenological heterogeneity within 30-m and 450-m pixels. We then quantified the influence of land cover fractions (grasses, shrubs, and bare grounds) on phenological heterogeneity. Finally, we assessed the scaling effects and agreements among multi-scale phenometrics under different climate conditions (normal and drought years). Results reveal that the phenological heterogeneity varies significantly across scales, phenometrics, and years, which is particularly higher in senescence phase, coarser pixels, and drought conditions. The heterogeneity is also asymmetrically influenced by the fraction of grasses and shrubs, where grass fraction has a greater impact on greenup onset particularly in the drought year, while shrub fraction is more influential on dormancy onset mostly in the normal year. Because of scaling effects, a phenological event at a coarser pixel is not detectable until the given event has occurred in a certain percentage of finer pixels that is inconsistent among phenometrics and climate conditions. Moreover, the agreement of phenometrics detected from three different scales also varies with phenological events and climate conditions with an average absolute difference ranging from 9 to 31 days. These findings underscore the importance of considering phenological heterogeneity and scaling effects in semi-arid rangelands.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50839,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","volume":"366 ","pages":"Article 110497"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143590172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regional climate warming increases occurrence and intensity of winter wheat drought risk","authors":"Léa Laurent ,&nbsp;Albin Ullmann ,&nbsp;Thierry Castel","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110493","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110493","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During the 1960–2021 period, France experienced two rapid increases in 2m air temperature, in 1987/1988 and 2014/2015. Between the periods 1960–1987 and 1988–2014, this induced significant differences in the mean state of the local water cycle climatic components. Evolving climate hazards linked to the water cycle led to water balance modifications, especially in winter bread wheat fields. This work aims to analyze the resulting changes in agro-climatic risk linked to drought after each abrupt warming. For each grid point of the Safran-Isba-Modcou (SIM) dataset and each year, daily values of Relative Extractible Water (<span><math><mrow><mi>R</mi><mi>E</mi><mi>W</mi></mrow></math></span>) under a wheat stress threshold of 40 % are cumulated to obtain a water stress index. For the first time, the modeling of water stress index distributions using Tweedie family distributions allows to disentangle modifications in frequency and intensity of drought events. These display various changes depending on the wheat production basin and the studied period. Overall, the mean water stress index increases in each production basin, with the Nord-Pas-de-Calais and Parisian production basins being particularly impacted by the 1987/1988 abrupt warming. Our results highlight that the modifications of climate hazards lead to harsher hydric stress events over main French wheat production basins. The probability of extreme drought events is rising strongly in several production basins. Changes in agro-climatic risk associated with drought are one of the main factors affecting crop growth cycle and development. As the probability to overcome risk threshold increases, yields may be significantly reduced, leading to increased economic losses. This is of major concern for the agricultural sector, including crop insurers, and underscores the urgent need for adaptation and prevention measures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50839,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","volume":"366 ","pages":"Article 110493"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143590171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying cumulative transition effects of large-scale vegetation restoration on climate and hydrology via a dynamically separating framework","authors":"Yongwei Zhu ,&nbsp;Shanhu Jiang ,&nbsp;Liliang Ren ,&nbsp;Yiqi Yan ,&nbsp;Qiuan Zhu ,&nbsp;Xiaoli Yang ,&nbsp;Xiuqin Fang ,&nbsp;Yi Liu ,&nbsp;Chong-Yu Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110494","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110494","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vegetation restoration is an important approach to improve ecosystems and address climate warming. However, there is significant debate regarding climate and hydrological impacts of large-scale vegetation restoration. This study proposes a framework for dynamically separating the cumulative climate and hydrological effects of vegetation restoration, offering a perspective on the seasonal and regional variations in these effects. The framework applies WRF-NoahMP land-atmosphere coupled model with various surface parameters to distinguish the seasonal climate and hydrological effects of the Grain for Green Program as well as the inconsistency in climate and hydrological effects between important grassland restoration and afforestation regions. The Middle Yellow River Basin, a region severely impacted by large-scale vegetation restoration, was selected to demonstrate the proposed approach. The results indicate that seasonal variations in albedo, fraction of vegetation cover, and leaf area index contribute to distinct seasonal patterns in the climate and hydrological effects of vegetation restoration in the study region, with maximum effects observed in summer. A significant shift in the cumulative climate and hydrological effects occurred around 2010 during 2001-2020. Compared to the afforestation region, the grassland restoration region showed significantly reduced land surface temperature and soil moisture, and enhanced evaporation and precipitation recycling (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Our study contributes to an efficient method for distinguishing the seasonal cumulative climate and hydrological effects of vegetation restoration, as well as the inconsistency in climate and hydrological effects resulting from afforestation and grassland restoration regions, providing insights to better implement vegetation restoration initiatives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50839,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","volume":"366 ","pages":"Article 110494"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143580267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Similar response of canopy conductance to increasing vapor pressure deficit and decreasing soil conductivity with drought among five morphologically contrasting but co-occurring pine species","authors":"Haoyu Zhang ,&nbsp;Jean-Christophe Domec ,&nbsp;Christopher A. Maier ,&nbsp;Chainey A. Boroski ,&nbsp;Na Wang ,&nbsp;Sari Palmroth ,&nbsp;Ram Oren","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110479","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110479","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Knowledge of plant hydraulics facilitates our understanding of the capabilities of forests to withstand droughts. This common-garden study quantified the hydraulic response to variation in sandy soil conductivity and atmospheric vapor pressure deficit (VPD) of five morphologically contrasting, wide-ranging pine species (<em>Pinus virginiana, P. echinata, P. taeda, P. elliottii, P. palustris</em>) of the Southeastern US, a region experiencing relatively high occurrence of hydrological droughts, which are projected to increase in frequency and severity. We employed a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate xylem hydraulic parameters associated with drought vulnerability curves (VC) for terminal branches and shallow roots. We found that branches in all of the pine species were more resistant to cavitation-induced embolism and had greater hydraulic safety margin than roots. Among all species, <em>P</em>₅₀ (i.e., water potential at which 50 % conductivity is lost) and <em>S</em>₅₀ (i.e., the slope of VC centered on <em>P</em>₅₀) of roots showed an increasing trend from shorter- to longer-needle species. By contrast, hydraulic conductivity at saturation (<em>k</em>_sat) of either branches or roots did not exhibit any trend with needle length. We devised a simplified index for daily average canopy conductance (<em>G</em>_c<em>I</em>), computed from high-frequency sap flux measurement. Regression of <em>G</em>_c<em>I</em> showed that mean daytime VPD accounted for most of the variation in <em>G</em>_c<em>I</em> (&gt; 60 %), followed by unsaturated soil hydraulic conductivity (<em>k</em>_soil; 24 %), whereas in situ root conductivity accounted for the least (&lt; 5 %). All species exhibited a linear-log relationship between the variation in <em>G_cI</em> unexplained by VPD and <em>k</em>_soil, a pattern consistent with preventing soil water conditions from dropping to low levels where <em>k</em>_soil declines dramatically. We concluded that the shorter-needle species (<em>P. virginiana</em> and <em>P. echinata</em>) are likely to tolerate drought better than the other species, due to more resistant roots and a moderate-to-high sensitivity of <em>G</em>_c<em>I</em> to VPD and <em>k</em>_soil.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50839,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","volume":"366 ","pages":"Article 110479"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143576388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying the impacts of environmental stress factors on biogenic volatile organic compound emissions in China","authors":"Chao Gao ,&nbsp;Xuelei Zhang ,&nbsp;Hu Yang ,&nbsp;Ling Huang ,&nbsp;Hongmei Zhao ,&nbsp;Shichun Zhang ,&nbsp;Aijun Xiu","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110480","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110480","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) are key precursors to ozone (O₃) and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation, influencing both air quality and climate changes. BVOC emissions are highly responsive to environmental stressors such as drought, temperature, and ozone. While significant progress has been made in modeling BVOC emissions, existing studies in China lack a detailed exploration of how different abiotic stressors—particularly in combination—affect emissions and their subsequent impacts on O₃ and SOA formation. In this study, we employed the MEGAN 3.2 model to quantify the effects of different stressors (drought, temperature, ozone, CO₂, wind, and LAI) on BVOC emissions across China during 2019. Seven scenario simulations were conducted, each isolating individual stressors as well as a combined scenario. Our results show that drought and ozone significantly alter emissions, reducing isoprene and monoterpene output while increasing SOA formation under certain conditions. The largest impacts were observed in Central and Eastern China, where combined stressors led to reductions in BVOC emissions by up to 25 % during summer months. This study provides new insights into how different abiotic stressors interact to influence BVOC emissions and air quality in China. The findings highlight the need for integrated stressor assessments in emission models to better predict O₃ and SOA concentrations under future climate scenarios. These results contribute to advancing air quality management strategies, particularly in regions facing increasing environmental stress due to climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50839,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","volume":"366 ","pages":"Article 110480"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143576341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}