AlgorithmicaPub Date : 2025-07-10DOI: 10.1007/s00453-025-01331-x
Baruch Schieber, Bhargav Samineni, Soroush Vahidi
{"title":"Interweaving Real-Time Jobs with Energy Harvesting to Maximize Throughput","authors":"Baruch Schieber, Bhargav Samineni, Soroush Vahidi","doi":"10.1007/s00453-025-01331-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00453-025-01331-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Motivated by batteryless IoT devices, we consider the following scheduling problem. The input includes <i>n</i> unit time jobs <span>(mathcal{J}= left{ J_1, ldots, J_n right} )</span>, where each job <span>(J_i)</span> has a release time <span>(r_i)</span>, due date <span>(d_i)</span>, energy requirement <span>(e_i)</span>, and weight <span>(w_i)</span>. We consider time to be slotted; hence, all time related job values refer to slots. Let <span>(T=max _ileft{ d_i right} )</span>. The input also includes an <i>h</i>(<i>t</i>) value for every time slot <i>t</i> <span>(left( 1 le t le T right) )</span>, which is the energy harvestable on that slot. Energy is harvested at time slots when no job is executed. The objective is to find a feasible schedule that maximizes the weight of the scheduled jobs. A schedule is feasible if for every job <span>(J_j)</span> in the schedule and its corresponding slot <span>(t_j)</span>, <span>(t_{j} ne t_{j'})</span> if <span>({j} ne {j'})</span>, <span>(r_j le t_j le d_j)</span>, and the available energy before <span>(t_j)</span> is at least <span>(e_j)</span>. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to consider the theoretical aspects of this problem. In this work we show the following. (1) A polynomial time algorithm when all jobs have identical <span>(r_i, d_i)</span> and <span>(w_i)</span>. (2) A <span>(frac{1}{2})</span>-approximation algorithm when all jobs have identical <span>(w_i)</span> but arbitrary <span>(r_i)</span> and <span>(d_i)</span>. (3) An FPTAS when all jobs have identical <span>(r_i)</span> and <span>(d_i)</span> but arbitrary <span>(w_i)</span>. (4) Reductions showing that all the variants of the problem in which at least one of the attributes <span>(r_i)</span>, <span>(d_i)</span>, or <span>(w_i)</span> are not identical for all jobs are <span>(textsf{NP-Hard})</span>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50824,"journal":{"name":"Algorithmica","volume":"87 10","pages":"1453 - 1473"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00453-025-01331-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144934513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AlgorithmicaPub Date : 2025-07-02DOI: 10.1007/s00453-025-01327-7
Anna Arutyunova, Heiko Röglin
{"title":"The Price of Hierarchical Clustering","authors":"Anna Arutyunova, Heiko Röglin","doi":"10.1007/s00453-025-01327-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00453-025-01327-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hierarchical Clustering is a popular tool for understanding the hereditary properties of a data set. Such a clustering is actually a sequence of clusterings that starts with the trivial clustering in which every data point forms its own cluster and then successively merges two existing clusters until all points are in the same cluster. A hierarchical clustering achieves an approximation factor of <span>(alpha )</span> if the costs of each <i>k</i>-clustering in the hierarchy are at most <span>(alpha )</span> times the costs of an optimal <i>k</i>-clustering. We study as cost functions the maximum (discrete) radius of any cluster (<i>k</i>-center problem) and the maximum diameter of any cluster (<i>k</i>-diameter problem). In general, the optimal clusterings do not form a hierarchy and hence an approximation factor of 1 cannot be achieved. We call the smallest approximation factor that can be achieved for any instance the <i>price of hierarchy</i>. For the <i>k</i>-diameter problem we improve the upper bound on the price of hierarchy to <span>(3+2sqrt{2}approx 5.83)</span>. Moreover we significantly improve the lower bounds for <i>k</i>-center and <i>k</i>-diameter, proving a price of hierarchy of exactly 4 and <span>(3+2sqrt{2})</span>, respectively.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50824,"journal":{"name":"Algorithmica","volume":"87 10","pages":"1420 - 1452"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00453-025-01327-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144934796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AlgorithmicaPub Date : 2025-06-06DOI: 10.1007/s00453-025-01311-1
Ioannis Mantas, Evanthia Papadopoulou, Rodrigo I. Silveira, Zeyu Wang
{"title":"The Farthest Color Voronoi Diagram in the Plane","authors":"Ioannis Mantas, Evanthia Papadopoulou, Rodrigo I. Silveira, Zeyu Wang","doi":"10.1007/s00453-025-01311-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00453-025-01311-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The farthest-color Voronoi diagram (FCVD) is defined on a set of <i>n</i> points in the plane, where each point is labeled with one of <i>m</i> colors. The colored points constitute a family <span>(mathcal {P})</span> of <i>m</i> clusters (sets) of points in the plane whose farthest-site Voronoi diagram is the FCVD. The diagram finds applications in problems related to facility location, shape matching, data imprecision, and others. In this paper we present structural properties of the FCVD, refine its combinatorial complexity bounds, and present efficient algorithms for its construction. We show that the complexity of the diagram is <span>(O(nalpha (m)+textit{str}(mathcal {P})))</span>, where <span>(textit{str}(mathcal {P}))</span> is a parameter reflecting the number of <i>straddles</i> between pairs of clusters, which is <span>(O(m(n-m)))</span>. The bound reduces to <span>(O(n+ textit{str}(mathcal {P})))</span> if the clusters are pairwise <i>non-crossing</i>. We also present a lower bound, establishing that the complexity of the FCVD can be <span>(Omega (n+m^2))</span>, even if the clusters have pairwise disjoint convex hulls. Our algorithm runs in <span>(O((n+textit{str}(mathcal {P}))log ^3 n))</span>-time, and in certain special cases in <span>(O(nlog n))</span> time.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50824,"journal":{"name":"Algorithmica","volume":"87 10","pages":"1393 - 1419"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00453-025-01311-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144934795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AlgorithmicaPub Date : 2025-05-31DOI: 10.1007/s00453-025-01325-9
Seungbum Jo, Geunho Kim
{"title":"Space-Efficient Data Structure for Next/Previous Larger/Smaller Value Queries","authors":"Seungbum Jo, Geunho Kim","doi":"10.1007/s00453-025-01325-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00453-025-01325-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Given an array of size <i>n</i> from a total order, we consider the problem of constructing a data structure that supports various queries (range minimum/maximum queries with their variants and next/previous larger/smaller queries) efficiently. In the encoding model (i.e., the queries can be answered without the input array), we propose a <span>((3.701n + o(n)))</span>-bit data structure, which supports all these queries in <span>(O(log ^{(ell )}n))</span> time, for any positive constant integer <span>(ell )</span> (here, <span>(log ^{(1)} n = log n)</span>, and for <span>(ell > 1)</span>, <span>(log ^{(ell )} n = log ({log ^{(ell -1)}} n))</span>). The space of our data structure matches the current best upper bound of Tsur (Inf. Process. Lett., 2019), which does not support the queries efficiently. Also, we show that at least <span>(3.16n-Theta (log n))</span> bits are necessary for answering all the queries. Our result is obtained by generalizing Gawrychowski and Nicholson’s <span>((3n - Theta (log n)))</span>-bit lower bound (ICALP, 15) for answering range minimum and maximum queries on a permutation of size <i>n</i>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50824,"journal":{"name":"Algorithmica","volume":"87 10","pages":"1369 - 1392"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144934794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AlgorithmicaPub Date : 2025-05-29DOI: 10.1007/s00453-025-01328-6
Yongjie Yang
{"title":"Correction: On the Parameterized Complexity of Controlling Amendment and Successive Winners","authors":"Yongjie Yang","doi":"10.1007/s00453-025-01328-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00453-025-01328-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50824,"journal":{"name":"Algorithmica","volume":"87 10","pages":"1474 - 1475"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00453-025-01328-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144934797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AlgorithmicaPub Date : 2025-05-26DOI: 10.1007/s00453-025-01322-y
Klaus Heeger, Danny Hermelin, Yuval Itzhaki, Hendrik Molter, Dvir Shabtay
{"title":"Fair Repetitive Interval Scheduling","authors":"Klaus Heeger, Danny Hermelin, Yuval Itzhaki, Hendrik Molter, Dvir Shabtay","doi":"10.1007/s00453-025-01322-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00453-025-01322-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fair resource allocation is undoubtedly a crucial factor in customer satisfaction in several scheduling scenarios. This is especially apparent in repetitive scheduling models where the same clients repeatedly submit jobs on a daily basis. In this paper, we aim to analyze a repetitive scheduling model involving a set of <i>n</i> clients and a set of <i>m</i> days. On every day, each client submits a request to process a job exactly within a specific time interval, which may vary from day to day, modeling the scenario where the scheduling is done Just-In-Time. The daily schedule is executed on a single machine that can process a single job at a time, therefore it is not possible to schedule jobs with intersecting time intervals. Accordingly, a feasible solution corresponds to sets of jobs with disjoint time intervals, one set per day. We define the quality of service that a client receives as the number of executed jobs over the <i>m</i> days period. Our objective is to provide a feasible solution where each client has at least <i>k</i> days where his jobs are processed. We prove that this problem is NP-hard even under various natural restrictions such as identical processing times and day-independent due dates. We also provide efficient algorithms for several special cases and analyze the parameterized tractability of the problem with respect to several parameters, providing both parameterized hardness and tractability results.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50824,"journal":{"name":"Algorithmica","volume":"87 9","pages":"1340 - 1368"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144891544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AlgorithmicaPub Date : 2025-05-16DOI: 10.1007/s00453-025-01320-0
Toshimasa Ishii, Jun Kawahara, Kazuhisa Makino, Hirotaka Ono
{"title":"Reallocation Problems with Minimum Completion Time","authors":"Toshimasa Ishii, Jun Kawahara, Kazuhisa Makino, Hirotaka Ono","doi":"10.1007/s00453-025-01320-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00453-025-01320-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Reallocation scheduling is one of the most fundamental problems in various areas such as supply chain management, logistics, and transportation science. In this paper, we introduce the reallocation problem that models the scheduling in which products are with fixed cost (e.g., transition time), non-fungible, and reallocated among warehouses in parallel, and comprehensively study the complexity of the problem under various settings of the transition time, product size, and capacities. We show that the problem can be solved in polynomial time for a fundamental setting where the product size and transition time are both uniform. We also show that the feasibility of the problem is NP-complete even for little more general settings, which implies that no polynomial-time algorithm constructs a feasible schedule of the problem unless P<span>(=)</span>NP. We then consider to solve the problem by relaxing capacity constraints, which we call the capacity augmentation, and derive a reallocation schedule feasible with the augmentation such that the completion time is at most the optimal of the original problem. When the warehouse capacity is sufficiently large, we design constant-factor approximation algorithms. We also show the relationship between the reallocation problem and the bin packing problem when the warehouse and carry-in capacities are sufficiently large.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50824,"journal":{"name":"Algorithmica","volume":"87 9","pages":"1311 - 1339"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144891346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AlgorithmicaPub Date : 2025-05-15DOI: 10.1007/s00453-025-01313-z
Mario Alejandro Hevia Fajardo, Per Kristian Lehre
{"title":"How Fitness Aggregation Methods Affect the Performance of Competitive CoEAs on Bilinear Problems","authors":"Mario Alejandro Hevia Fajardo, Per Kristian Lehre","doi":"10.1007/s00453-025-01313-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00453-025-01313-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Competitive co-evolutionary algorithms (CoEAs) do not rely solely on an external function to assign fitness values to sampled solutions. Instead, they use the aggregation of outcomes from interactions between competing solutions allowing to rank solutions and make selection decisions. This makes CoEAs a useful tool for optimisation problems that have intrinsically interactive domains. Over the past decades, many ways to aggregate the outcomes of interactions have been considered. At the moment, it is unclear which of these is the best choice. Previous research is fragmented and most of the fitness aggregation methods (fitness measures) proposed have only been studied empirically. We argue that a proper understanding of the dynamics of CoEAs and their fitness measures can only be achieved through rigorous analysis of their behaviour. In this work we make a step towards this goal by using runtime analysis to study two commonly used fitness measures. We show a dichotomy in the behaviour of a <span>((1, lambda ))</span> CoEA when optimising a <span>Bilinear</span> problem. The algorithm finds a solution near the Nash equilibrium in polynomial time with high probability if the worst interaction is used as a fitness measure but is inefficient if the average of all interactions is used instead.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50824,"journal":{"name":"Algorithmica","volume":"87 9","pages":"1274 - 1310"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00453-025-01313-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144891488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enumerating Graphlets with Amortized Time Complexity Independent of Graph Size","authors":"Alessio Conte, Roberto Grossi, Yasuaki Kobayashi, Kazuhiro Kurita, Davide Rucci, Takeaki Uno, Kunihiro Wasa","doi":"10.1007/s00453-025-01312-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00453-025-01312-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Graphlets of order <i>k</i> in a graph <i>G</i> are connected subgraphs induced by <i>k</i> nodes (called <i>k</i>-graphlets) or by <i>k</i> edges (called edge <i>k</i>-graphlets). They are among the interesting subgraphs in network analysis to get insights on both the local and global structure of a network. While several algorithms exist for discovering and enumerating graphlets, the amortized time complexity of such algorithms typically depends on the size of the graph <i>G</i>, or its maximum degree. In real networks, even the latter can be in the order of millions, whereas <i>k</i> is typically required to be a small value. In this paper we provide the first algorithm to list all graphlets of order <i>k</i> in a graph <span>(G=(V,E))</span> with an amortized time complexity depending <i>solely</i> on the order <i>k</i>, contrarily to previous approaches where the cost depends <i>also</i> on the size of <i>G</i> or its maximum degree. Specifically, we show that it is possible to list <i>k</i>-graphlets in <span>(O(k^2))</span> time per solution, and to list edge <i>k</i>-graphlets in <i>O</i>(<i>k</i>) time per solution. Furthermore we show that, if the input graph has bounded degree, then the amortized time for listing <i>k</i>-graphlets is reduced to <i>O</i>(<i>k</i>). Whenever <span>(k = O(1))</span>, as it is often the case in practical settings, these algorithms are the first to achieve constant time per solution.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50824,"journal":{"name":"Algorithmica","volume":"87 9","pages":"1247 - 1273"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00453-025-01312-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144891518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AlgorithmicaPub Date : 2025-05-09DOI: 10.1007/s00453-025-01316-w
Cléophée Robin, Eileen Robinson
{"title":"Coloring Bridge-Free Antiprismatic Graphs","authors":"Cléophée Robin, Eileen Robinson","doi":"10.1007/s00453-025-01316-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00453-025-01316-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The coloring problem is a well-researched topic and its complexity is known for several classes of graphs. However, the question of its complexity remains open for the class of antiprismatic graphs, which are the complement of prismatic graphs and one of the four remaining cases highlighted by Lozin and Malishev. In this article we focus on the equivalent question of the complexity of the clique cover problem in prismatic graphs. A graph <i>G</i> is <i>prismatic</i> if for every triangle <i>T</i> of <i>G</i>, every vertex of <i>G</i> not in <i>T</i> has a unique neighbor in <i>T</i>. A graph is <i>co-bridge-free</i> if it has no <span>(C_4+2K_1)</span> as induced subgraph. We give a polynomial time algorithm that solves the clique cover problem in co-bridge-free prismatic graphs. It relies on the structural description given by Chudnovsky and Seymour, and on later work of Preissmann, Robin and Trotignon. We show that co-bridge-free prismatic graphs have a bounded number of disjoint triangles and that implies that the algorithm presented by Preissmann et al. applies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50824,"journal":{"name":"Algorithmica","volume":"87 9","pages":"1223 - 1246"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144891474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}