American Journal of Clinical Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"The Dietary Guidelines for Americans—is the evidence bar too low or too high?","authors":"Dariush Mozaffarian","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.11.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.11.013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"121 1","pages":"Pages 3-4"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142822937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Personalized nutrition by prediction of glycemic responses: garbage in → garbage out","authors":"Thomas MS Wolever","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.11.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"121 1","pages":"Pages 1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142928779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adulthood dietary and lifestyle patterns and risk of breast cancer: Global Cancer Update Programme (CUP Global) systematic literature review","authors":"Jadwiga Konieczna ,&nbsp;Alice Chaplin ,&nbsp;Indira Paz-Graniel ,&nbsp;Helen Croker ,&nbsp;Nerea Becerra-Tomás ,&nbsp;Georgios Markozannes ,&nbsp;Konstantinos K Tsilidis ,&nbsp;Laure Dossus ,&nbsp;Esther M Gonzalez-Gil ,&nbsp;Yikyung Park ,&nbsp;John Krebs ,&nbsp;Matty P Weijenberg ,&nbsp;Monica L Baskin ,&nbsp;Ellen Copson ,&nbsp;Sarah J Lewis ,&nbsp;Jacob C Seidell ,&nbsp;Rajiv Chowdhury ,&nbsp;Lynette Hill ,&nbsp;Doris SM Chan ,&nbsp;Dora Romaguera","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>An increasing number of studies in recent years investigate various dietary and lifestyle patterns and associated breast cancer (BC) risk.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to comprehensively synthesize and grade the evidence on dietary and lifestyle patterns and BC risk.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Databases were systematically searched up to 31 March, 2022, for evidence from randomised controlled trials and prospective cohort studies on adherence to a dietary pattern alone or in combination with lifestyle behaviors and incidence of or mortality from primary BC in adult females. Findings in all, premenopausal, and postmenopausal females were descriptively synthesized instead of meta-analyzed due to patterns heterogeneity. An independent Global Cancer Update Programme Expert Panel graded the strength of the evidence.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 84 publications were included. Results for patterns reflecting both a healthy diet and lifestyle were more consistent than for patterns that included diet only. There was strong-probable evidence that a priori World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) and American Cancer Society (ACS) dietary and lifestyle scores may reduce BC risk in all and postmenopausal females, whereas in premenopausal females, less evidence was found contributing to limited-suggestive grade. There was also a limited-suggestive evidence that adherence to the Healthy Lifestyle Index and other diet and lifestyle scores may reduce BC risk in postmenopausal females; a posteriori Western/Meat/Alcohol dietary patterns may increase BC risk in postmenopausal females; and Prudent/Vegetarian/Mediterranean dietary patterns may reduce BC risk in all females. For the remaining patterns, evidence was graded as limited-no conclusions.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Advice to adopt combined aspects of a healthy diet and lifestyle according to WCRF/AICR and ACS scores, encouraging a healthy weight, physical activity, alcohol and smoking avoidance, and a healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables, (whole)grains and cereals and discouraging red and processed meat, can be proposed to females to lower BC risk.</div><div>This review was registered at PROSPERO as ID CRD42021270129 (<span><span>https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021270129</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>) on 28 August, 2021, and further updated on 4 May, 2022, in order to extend the search period.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"121 1","pages":"Pages 14-31"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11747198/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142569841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply to Z Xu","authors":"Jiada Zhan","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"121 1","pages":"Page 176"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142631331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving the dietaryindex R package: A proposal to include additional components for more accurate DII computation in NHANES","authors":"Zhe Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.10.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.10.023","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"121 1","pages":"Pages 174-175"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142631240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in fatty acid intake and subsequent risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality in males and females: a prospective cohort study","authors":"Yuxi Liu ,&nbsp;Xiao Gu ,&nbsp;Yanping Li ,&nbsp;Eric B Rimm ,&nbsp;Walter C Willett ,&nbsp;Meir J Stampfer ,&nbsp;Frank B Hu ,&nbsp;Dong D Wang MD","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.11.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.11.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The associations between changes in fatty acid intake over time and subsequent mortality are unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The objective of this study was to prospectively examine associations between changes in fatty acid intake (as percentage of total energy) and mortality.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Among 65,179 adults from the Nurses’ Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-up Study, free from cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes at baseline in 1994, we documented 20,571 deaths through 2020 (1,334,603 person-years). Diets were assessed every 4 years using validated questionnaires. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for mortality risk were estimated from Cox proportional hazards models.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A 5% energy increment in total fat intake was associated with 5% lower all-cause mortality (HR: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.93, 0.96; isocaloric comparison was total carbohydrate). The HRs of all-cause mortality (95% CI) were 0.83 (0.78, 0.89) and 0.91 (0.87, 0.94) for a 5% increment in energy intake from polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), respectively, and was 1.10 (1.04, 1.17) for a 1% increase in energy intake from <em>trans</em> fatty acid (TFA; all <em>P</em> _trend ≤ 0.001). Changes in saturated fatty acid (SFA) were not associated with all-cause mortality. Increases in intakes of linoleic acid, marine n–3 PUFA, and MUFA from plant sources were each significantly associated with lower all-cause mortality. In substitution analyses, replacing 5% energy from SFA with PUFA was associated with 19% lower all-cause mortality (HR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.75, 0.87), whereas replacing 0.3% of energy from SFA with marine n–3 PUFA was associated with 11% lower all-cause mortality (HR: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.84, 0.93). Isocaloric substitution of SFA by PUFA, particularly marine n–3 PUFA, was associated with lower mortality due to cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and respiratory diseases.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings support replacing SFA with unsaturated fatty acids (especially from plant sources) and eliminating dietary TFA to reduce premature death.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"121 1","pages":"Pages 141-150"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142649713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SARC-CalF using calf circumference adjusted for BMI predicts 6-mo readmission and mortality in hospitalized patients: a secondary analysis of a cohort study","authors":"Camila Ferri Burgel ,&nbsp;Bruna Zardo Oliveira de Carvalho ,&nbsp;Bárbara Meichtry Milesi ,&nbsp;Flávia Moraes Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.10.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.10.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Sarcopenia is a prevalent condition associated with worse clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients. The SARC-CalF is an accurate instrument for its screening; however, it includes the calf circumference (CC) measure as a criterion, which is influenced by adiposity. An adjustment for CC based on body mass index (BMI) has been proposed, but the literature lacks studies evaluating the SARC-CalF using adjusted CC.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of the SARC-CalF with BMI-adjusted CC and compare it between adult and older hospitalized patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This is a secondary analysis of a cohort with prospective data collection, including individuals aged ≥18 y who were lucid and able to communicate. SARC-CalF was applied using BMI-adjusted CC, obtained by subtracting 3, 7, and 12 cm from CC values when BMI was 25 to 29.99, 30 to 39.99, and ≥40 kg/m², respectively. Outcomes of interest included prolonged hospital stay, in-hospital death, hospital readmission, and mortality 6 mo after discharge. Logistic and Cox regression analyses, adjusted for Charlson Comorbidity Index and sex, were performed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We analyzed data from 554 patients (mean age 55.2 ± 14.9 y, 52.9% male). Suggestive signs of sarcopenia by SARC-CalF with BMI-adjusted CC were identified in 40.4% of patients (38.6% of adults and 42.7% of older patients, <em>P</em> = 0.380). Suggestive signs of sarcopenia were associated with hospital readmission in adults (odds ratio [OR]: 1.8; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1, 2.9), and 6-mo death in both adult (OR: 4.0; 95% CI: 1.3, 12.1) and older patients (OR: 2.8; 95% CI: 1.2, 6.6). It was not independently associated with in-hospital outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>SARC-CalF with BMI-adjusted CC identifies a high frequency of patients with suggestive signs of sarcopenia, regardless of age, and it is independently associated with worse outcomes 6 mo after discharge.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"121 1","pages":"Pages 151-157"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142479991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptive changes in multiple aspects of emotion regulation in the offspring of pregnant persons receiving a diet-and-exercise intervention relative to usual pregnancy care: a randomized controlled trial","authors":"John E Krzeczkowski ,&nbsp;Neda Mortaji ,&nbsp;Stephanie Atkinson ,&nbsp;Louis A Schmidt ,&nbsp;Ryan J Van Lieshout","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.10.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.10.022","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Human studies examining the influence of prenatal diet and/or exercise interventions on offspring neurodevelopment are mixed. Interventions that include the provision of whole foods, nutritional counseling, address exercise behaviors, and that utilize multimethod assessments of offspring emotion regulation (ER) may better reveal the impact of these interventions on neurodevelopment.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objectives&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;To explore whether the Be Healthy in Pregnancy (BHIP) prenatal diet-and-exercise intervention improves ER in 22-mo-old offspring.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Pregnant persons (&gt;18 y, singleton pregnancy) were recruited between 12 and 17 wk gestation and randomly assigned to the intervention [high protein energy-controlled diet via the provision of cottage cheese, Greek yogurt, low-fat milk, individualized biweekly nutritional counseling, a controlled walking program, and usual pregnancy care (UPC)] or control (UPC alone) groups. ER in offspring [m&lt;sub&gt;age&lt;/sub&gt; = 22.2 (SD = 4.04); 50.9% female; intervention: &lt;em&gt;n =&lt;/em&gt; 29, control: &lt;em&gt;n =&lt;/em&gt; 28] was assessed using reports from pregnant persons and their partners on the Child Behavior Checklist, and the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Preschool Version, laboratory observational tasks examining inhibitory control, attention, and empathy, and high-frequency heart rate variability (HF-HRV).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Children exposed to the BHIP intervention exhibited medium to large effect size reductions in pregnant person and partner reported externalizing [effect size &lt;em&gt;ƞ&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;mother&lt;/sub&gt; = 0.08, 95% confidence interval of the difference (0.05, 7.14); &lt;em&gt;ƞ&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;partner&lt;/sub&gt; = 0.17 (1.68, 9.65)], internalizing [&lt;em&gt;ƞ&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;mother&lt;/sub&gt; = 0.08 (0.09, 5.32); &lt;em&gt;ƞ&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;partner&lt;/sub&gt; = 0.13 (0.84, 8.88)], and total behavior problems [&lt;em&gt;ƞ&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;mother&lt;/sub&gt; = 0.09 (0.72, 11.87); &lt;em&gt;ƞ&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;partner&lt;/sub&gt; = 0.17 (3.17, 17.88)] relative to control participants’ children. Pregnant persons, but not partners, reported fewer problems with inhibitory control [&lt;em&gt;ƞ&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; = 0.13 (1.40, 8.55)], cognitive flexibility [&lt;em&gt;ƞ&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; = 0.08 (0.18, 4.85)], emergent metacognition [&lt;em&gt;ƞ&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; = 0.14 (2.00, 11.59)], and global executive function [&lt;em&gt;ƞ&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; = 0.14 (3.37, 20.12)]. Intervention children displayed fewer impulsive behaviors [&lt;em&gt;ƞ&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; = 0.11 (0.16, 1.77)] and a longer attention span [&lt;em&gt;ƞ&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; = 0.08 (0.30, 13.34)]. Finally, intervention children exhibited greater baseline HF-HRV [&lt;em&gt;ƞ&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; = 0.10 (0.16, 2.01)], and adaptive HF-HRV reactivity during the impulsivity [&lt;em&gt;ƞ&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; = 0.12 (0.","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"121 1","pages":"Pages 50-59"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142565151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human milk feeding practices and serum immune profiles of one-year-old infants in the CHILD birth cohort study","authors":"Spencer R Ames ,&nbsp;Larisa C Lotoski ,&nbsp;Lucie Rodriguez ,&nbsp;Petter Brodin ,&nbsp;Piushkumar J Mandhane ,&nbsp;Theo J Moraes ,&nbsp;Elinor Simons ,&nbsp;Stuart E Turvey ,&nbsp;Padmaja Subbarao ,&nbsp;Meghan B Azad","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.10.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.10.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Breastfeeding and human milk consumption are associated with immune system development; however, the underlying mechanisms and the impact of different infant feeding practices are unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to investigate how current human milk feeding (HMF) status is related to infant immune biomarker profiles, as well as explore relationships with HMF history (i.e., duration, exclusivity, and method: directly from the breast or pumped and bottled).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This observational birth cohort study involved 605 infants from the Canadian CHILD Cohort Study. Infant feeding was captured from hospital birth records and parent questionnaires. Ninety-two biomarkers reflecting immune system activity and development were measured in serum collected at 1 y (12.6 ± 1.4 mo) using the Olink Target 96 Inflammation panel. Associations were determined using multivariable regression (adjusted for sex, time until blood sample centrifugation, and study site).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Nearly half (42.6%) of infants were still receiving HMF at the time of blood sampling. Compared with non-HMF infants, HMF infants had higher levels of serum fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21, adjusted standardized β coefficient: 0.56; 95% CI: 0.41, 0.72), cluster of differentiation 244 (CD244, β: 0.35; 95% CI: 0.19, 0.50), chemokine ligand 6 (CXCL6, β: 0.34; 95% CI: 0.18, 0.50), and chemokine ligand 20 (CCL20, β: 0.26; 95% CI: 0.09, 0.42) and lower extracellular newly identified receptor for advanced glycation end-products binding protein (EN-RAGE, β: −0.16; 95% CI: −0.29, −0.03). Among non-HMF infants, serum interleukin 7 (IL-7) had a marginally positive association with past HMF duration (β: 0.05; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.08) that persisted for ≤5 mo post-HMF cessation. Exclusive HMF duration and HMF method (at 3 mo of age) were not associated with any biomarkers.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Current HMF status and (to a lesser extent) HMF history are associated with several inflammation-associated biomarkers in 1-y-old infants. These results provide new evidence that HMF impacts immune activity and development and suggest hypotheses about the underlying mechanisms. They also highlight the importance of including current HMF status in immune system–focused infant serum proteomic studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"121 1","pages":"Pages 60-73"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11747196/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142565163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blood biomarkers of trans-fatty acid intake among Nigerian adults in the Federal Capital Territory: a cross-sectional study","authors":"Matti Marklund ,&nbsp;Soji Billyrose ,&nbsp;Ikechukwu A Orji ,&nbsp;Mercy U Ikechukwu-Orji ,&nbsp;Clementina Okoro ,&nbsp;Chijioke Obagha ,&nbsp;Guhan Iyer ,&nbsp;Erica L Jamro ,&nbsp;Adedayo Ojo ,&nbsp;William S Harris ,&nbsp;Jason HY Wu ,&nbsp;Lisa R Hirschhorn ,&nbsp;Linda Van Horn ,&nbsp;Mark D Huffman ,&nbsp;Dike B Ojji","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.10.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.10.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Intake of trans-fatty acids (TFAs) is an established risk factor for cardiovascular disease. In April 2023, Nigeria passed regulations limiting TFA content in foods, fats, and oils, but the current level of TFA exposure in the Nigerian population is unknown.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To quantify trans-fatty acid (TFA) biomarkers in dried blood spots from Nigerian adults in the Federal Capital Territory before policy enforcement, establish baseline levels for future evaluations, assess subgroup variations by demographic and socioeconomic factors, and compare TFA levels with data from 30 countries worldwide.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We used gas chromatography to measure TFA content in dried blood spots from adults participating in a cross-sectional household survey using a representative sampling frame. Individual TFA (<em>t</em>-16:1, <em>t-</em>18:1, and <em>t-</em> 18:2) and their total were expressed as percentage of total fatty acids. We assessed differences in TFA levels between subgroups based on sex, age, body mass index (BMI), education, income, and local government area using multivariable-adjusted linear regression models. Mean TFA levels were compared with samples from individuals in 30 countries.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In 213 adults (62% females; mean age: 36 y, mean BMI: 25.9 kg/m²), the mean TFA level in dried blood spots was 0.61% of total fatty acids (range: 0.23%–1.31%). In multivariable-adjusted models, TFA levels were higher in younger adults {&lt;30 y compared with ≥42 y, 0.07% [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.00, 0.15], <em>P =</em> 0.047}, those without a high school degree [compared with higher education, 0.08% (95% CI: 0.01, 0.16), <em>P =</em> 0.023], and residents of Abuja Municipal Area Council [compared with residents in Gwagwalada, 0.12% (95% CI: 0.05, 0.20), <em>P =</em> 0.001]. Total TFA levels were comparable with international samples, but t-16:1 and t-18:1 appeared lower, whereas t-18:2 appeared greater (52% of all TFA), in the Nigerian samples.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These results provide a baseline assessment of TFA exposure in Nigerian adults to evaluate implementation and effect of national regulation passed in 2023. The observed subgroup differences may help identify subpopulations for targeted interventions to reduce TFA intake.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"121 1","pages":"Pages 125-133"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142569842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}