American Journal of Clinical Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Methods matter for dietary supplement exposure assessment: comparing prevalence, product types, and amounts of nutrients from dietary supplements in the Interactive Diet and Activity Tracking in the American Association of Retired Persons cohort study","authors":"Alexandra E Cowan-Pyle ,&nbsp;Regan L Bailey ,&nbsp;Jaime J Gahche ,&nbsp;Johanna T Dwyer ,&nbsp;Lindsay M Reynolds ,&nbsp;Raymond J Carroll ,&nbsp;Bani K Mallick ,&nbsp;Diane C Mitchell ,&nbsp;Janet A Tooze","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.03.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.03.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Valid dietary supplement (DS) assessment methods are critical for nutrition research and monitoring as DS contributes substantially toward micronutrient exposures for millions of Americans. Little is known about how DS assessment tools vary in estimating the prevalence of use and micronutrient amounts from DS.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We compared repeat collections over a year of 2 commonly used DS assessment methods: the diet history questionnaire-II (DHQII) and the automated-self-administered 24-h dietary recall (ASA24), within the longitudinal Interactive Diet and Activity Tracking in American Association of Retired Persons (IDATA) study.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>DS information was collected among IDATA participants (<em>n</em> = 795; 50–74 y) who completed 2–6 ASA24s and a second DHQII. Agreement [Kappa (κ)] at the individual level and group-level prevalence of DS use (McNemar’s test) overall and by product type were compared among all participants. Mean calcium and vitamin D intakes, by source, and nutrient amounts per consumption day (i.e., dosages) from DS were compared between the DHQII and ASA24 among DS users. Calcium and vitamin D were chosen as priority nutrients, as they reflect vitamins and minerals and are ubiquitous in DS.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Prevalence of DS use varied by product type [13 of 28 comparisons differed in prevalence (McNemar’s test); Kappa agreement range: κ = –0.03 to 0.73)]. Mean consumption day amounts of vitamin D (but not calcium) were remarkably different as assessed by the DHQII and ASA24 (mean ± standard error): vitamin D ranged from 24 ± 2.7 to 45 ± 9.5 <em>μ</em>g/d on the ASA24 and from 12 ± 0.3 to 14 ± 0.3 <em>μ</em>g/d on the DHQII (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Within IDATA, the comparability of ASA24 and DHQII in estimating the prevalence of use of and nutrient intakes from DS fluctuates by nutrient and product type. DS approaches beyond a questionnaire may be warranted for estimating absolute nutrient amounts, and the choice of the DS assessment method depends on the nutrient/dietary component of interest.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"121 6","pages":"Pages 1258-1267"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143788880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply to Pemberton and Brown","authors":"Katie M Hutchins ,&nbsp;James A Betts ,&nbsp;Dylan Thompson ,&nbsp;Aaron Hengist ,&nbsp;Javier T Gonzalez","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.03.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.03.022","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"121 6","pages":"Pages 1432-1434"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144189369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal protein intake during pregnancy and obesity risk in mothers and offspring: a prospective cohort study","authors":"Hanyue Zhang ,&nbsp;Alistair M Senior ,&nbsp;Christoph Saner ,&nbsp;Nicholas A Koemel ,&nbsp;Stephen J Simpson ,&nbsp;David Raubenheimer ,&nbsp;Berit L Heitmann","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.04.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.04.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The optimal dietary macronutrient composition during pregnancy to mitigate obesity risk in mothers and offspring remains unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aims to assess associations between maternal dietary macronutrient composition and obesity outcomes in mothers and offspring.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed 66,360 singleton pregnancies from the Danish National Birth Cohort, with dietary intake assessed at gestational week 25. Outcomes included maternal postpartum weight retention (PPWR) at 6 and 18 mo and offspring’s birth weight, risks of small for gestational age (SGA) and large for gestational age (LGA), body mass index (BMI) <em>z</em>-scores, and overweight/obesity (OWOB) risk at ages 7, 11, and 14 y. Mixture models with response surface visualization examined interactive macronutrient associations, and mixed restricted cubic splines assessed potential nonlinear relationships between maternal protein intake and obesity outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Mean maternal macronutrient compositions were 15.2% protein, 30.2% fat, and 54.1% carbohydrate. Response surfaces revealed that maternal lower protein intake (%), diluted by higher fat and/or carbohydrate, was associated with higher maternal PPWR at 6 and 18 mo but lower birth weight and BMI <em>z</em>-scores in offspring at ages 7, 11, and 14 y. Mixed restricted cubic splines indicated nonlinear associations between maternal protein intake (%) and SGA risk (nonlinear <em>P</em> = 0.003) and LGA (nonlinear <em>P</em> = 0.04), with a threshold around 15% protein; below this, SGA risk increased whereas LGA risk decreased. Linear associations were observed for risks of substantial PPWR (PPWR &gt;5 kg) and childhood OWOB risk (nonlinear <em>P</em> &gt; 0.05). Each 5% higher protein intake during pregnancy was related to a lower risk of substantial PPWR at 6 mo (odds ratio: 0.90; 95% confidence interval: 0.85, 0.95) and 18 mo (0.88; 0.82, 0.94) but higher risks of OWOB at ages 7 y (1.07; 1.01, 1.15) and 11 y (1.11; 1.03, 1.18), with no association at 14 y (1.02; 0.95, 1.10).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Higher maternal protein intake during pregnancy was associated with lower PPWR and SGA risk but higher LGA and childhood OWOB risks, highlighting potential trade-offs in maternal and offspring obesity outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"121 6","pages":"Pages 1415-1423"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143993483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic reviews informing the Dietary Guidelines for Americans are conducted and reported using rigorous approaches that align with current standards","authors":"Julie E Obbagy ,&nbsp;Eve E Stoody","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.01.033","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.01.033","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"121 6","pages":"Pages 1424-1427"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144189292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leveraging established continuous glucose monitor accuracy study methods to enhance research in people not living with diabetes","authors":"John Pemberton ,&nbsp;Adrian Brown","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.03.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.03.021","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"121 6","pages":"Pages 1430-1431"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144189294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strengthening Dietary Supplement Research: An Expanded Priority for the NIH Office of Dietary Supplements","authors":"Stefan M Pasiakos,&nbsp;Adam J Kuszak","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"121 6","pages":"Pages 1217-1219"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144056560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Industry study sponsorship and conflicts of interest on the effect of unprocessed red meat on cardiovascular disease risk: a systematic review of clinical trials","authors":"Miguel López-Moreno ,&nbsp;Ujué Fresán ,&nbsp;Carlos Marchena-Giráldez ,&nbsp;Gabriele Bertotti ,&nbsp;Alberto Roldán-Ruiz","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.02.030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.02.030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Experimental research on the link between unprocessed red meat and cardiovascular disease risk is inconsistent and may differ according to the financial interests of red meat industry sponsors.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aims to assess whether studies sponsorship or conflicts of interest with the red meat industry are associated with reported outcomes of unprocessed red meat consumption effect on risk factors for cardiovascular disease.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Scopus were searched from the inception of the databases to 3 March 2024. Studies were classified as “Red meat industry-related” if any of the authors declared affiliation or financial disclosure indicating a link to the red meat industry; or “Red Meat industry-independent.” Reported outcomes were independently graded as favorable, neutral, or unfavorable. Studies were also categorized by type of control group. The quality of evidence for each outcome was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 44 studies were included, of which 66% had a link to the red meat industry. All independent studies reported either unfavorable (73.3%) or neutral (26.7%) cardiovascular outcomes when consuming unprocessed red meat. Conversely, all studies related to the red meat industry reported either favorable (20.7%) or neutral (79.3%) cardiovascular outcomes for red meat intake. A total of 69.6% of trials (16 of 23) showed a neutral effect of unprocessed red meat compared with other animal proteins, whereas 70% (7 of 10) reported an unfavorable effect compared with plant proteins. Studies with conflicts of interest were nearly 4 times more likely to report “Favorable/Neutral” outcomes compared with independent studies (odds ratio 3.75, 95% confidence interval: 1.62, 8.67).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings highlight that using animal protein as a comparator in industry-funded studies, with quality of evidence rated as very low to low, may underestimate the cardiovascular benefits of reducing red meat intake. Most studies without conflicts of interest with the red meat industry suggested an unfavorable effect of unprocessed red meat consumption on risk factors for cardiovascular disease.</div></div><div><h3>Trial registration number</h3><div>This trial for systematic reviews or meta-analyses was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42024525197 (<span><span>https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=525197</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"121 6","pages":"Pages 1246-1257"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144086797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the impact of subrecommended gestational weight gain in overweight and obese pregnancies","authors":"Wei-Zhen Tang,&nbsp;Tai-Hang Liu,&nbsp;Xia Lan","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.07.029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.07.029","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"121 6","pages":"Pages 1435-1436"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144189370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of meal timing with adiposity measures and gut microbiome characteristics in a cohort study: the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos","authors":"Sarah K Alver ,&nbsp;Brandilyn A Peters ,&nbsp;Yasmin Mossavar-Rahmani ,&nbsp;Qibin Qi ,&nbsp;Amanda C McClain ,&nbsp;Linda Van Horn ,&nbsp;Robert D Burk ,&nbsp;Robert C Kaplan","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.04.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Time-restricted eating may help control weight through caloric restriction, circadian rhythm, or influence on the gut microbiome (GMB). Physical activity (PA) also plays a role, as people with a longer eating window (EW, time between first and last daily intake) may be more active. The associations between meal timing, adiposity, PA, sedentary behavior (SB), and GMB characteristics are of interest in Hispanic/Latino persons, who experience a high burden of cardiometabolic diseases.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We explored the relationship of EW with energy intake and accelerometer-measured activity and assessed whether a longer EW and later midpoint of intake (MOI, midpoint time of intake) are associated with adiposity and GMB differences in Hispanic/Latino adults.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Using data from the prospective Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (<em>n</em> = 11,778 participants with valid 24-h dietary recall and accelerometer data, no unplanned weight loss, and BMI ≥ 18.5 kg/m²; <em>n</em> = 1925 with GMB data), we explored the relationship between EW, SB, and energy intake. We used multivariable linear regression models to study the relationship between EW or MOI and adiposity measures and GMB characteristics, adjusted for clinical, behavioral, and demographic characteristics.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Those with longer EW tended to have less SB and greater energy intake, suggesting that some individuals may balance greater intake with greater expenditure. After adjustments including energy balance, each hour of EW was associated with 0.29% higher BMI (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.07, 0.51; <em>P</em> = 0.011). Longer EW and caloric EW (EWC, EW, caloric meals only) were associated with several obesity-associated GMB taxa, such as <em>Streptococcus</em> (enriched, β: 0.04; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.07, for EW). MOI was not significantly associated with adiposity or GMB characteristics.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Shorter EW may promote healthy weight, but some individuals with longer compared with shorter EWs tend to have greater activity that could balance their greater energy intake. EW and EWC may influence GMB characteristics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"121 6","pages":"Pages 1365-1379"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144051353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survival and parenteral nutrition dependence in patients aged 65 y and older with short bowel syndrome: a retrospective observational cohort study","authors":"Mélanie Draullette ,&nbsp;Brune de Dreuille ,&nbsp;Manuel Sanchez ,&nbsp;Julie Bataille ,&nbsp;Lore Billiauws ,&nbsp;Alexandre Nuzzo ,&nbsp;Francisca Joly","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.02.032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.02.032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Home parenteral support (PS) is the standard treatment of chronic intestinal failure (CIF) with short bowel syndrome (SBS) as the leading cause. However, outcomes of PS in older patients remain poorly studied.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This retrospective observational study evaluated patients with newly diagnosed SBS-CIF initiating PS between 2015 and 2020 at a national French CIF referral center. Patients were stratified into 2 groups: 65 y or older (older group) and younger than 65 y (younger group). Multivariate Cox regression identified predictors of mortality and PS dependence in older patients.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We included 175 patients [median age: 61 y (IQR: 46–70 y); 58% female]. Mesenteric ischemia was the primary cause of CIF (32%). Surgical anatomy included jejunostomy (47%), jejunocolic (39%), and ileocolic anastomosis (14%). Older patients [<em>n</em> = 73 (42%); median age: 72 y; IQR: 68–76 y] had higher rates of arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, cancer, and SBS-CIF caused by radiation enteritis, but fewer cases attributed to Crohn disease. After a median follow-up of 27 mo (95% confidence interval [CI]: 22, 32 mo), the probability of survival was 92% (95% CI: 88%, 97%), and the probability of PS dependence was 68% (95% CI: 60%, 785), with no significant difference between age groups. In older patients, the presence of a jejunostomy (hazard ratios [HR]: 3.4; 95% CI: 1.1, 10.6) was an independent predictor of PS dependence, and BMI of &lt;22 kg/m² (HR: 10.9; 95% CI: 1.4, 87.4) was an independent predictor of mortality. Fourteen patients (8%) were treated with teduglutide, with no significant difference between age groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Nearly half of patients with SBS-CIF on PS are aged 65 y or older, with PS dependence and survival rates comparable with those of younger patients. These findings suggest that age should not be a barrier to PS initiation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"121 6","pages":"Pages 1387-1394"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143617768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}