Annals of Diagnostic Pathology最新文献

{"title":"Thoracic solitary fibrous tumors with small cell features: A clinicopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of 5 cases","authors":"Annikka Weissferdt,&nbsp;Cesar A. Moran","doi":"10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2024.152353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2024.152353","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Five cases of thoracic solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) with small cell features are presented mimicking a neuroendocrine neoplasm. The patients were four men and one woman aged 43 to 74 years who presented with symptoms of chest pain, cough, dyspnea or hemoptysis. Two tumors were intrapulmonary neoplasms, while three were pleural-based. Grossly, the tumors ranged in size from 4 to 6 cm and were white and solid; in two tumors necrosis was apparent. Histologically, they were characterized by a cellular proliferation composed of small cells with round nuclei and inconspicuous nucleoli. The cellular proliferation in some areas had a subtle nested pattern, while in other areas the tumor showed extensive sclerosis and small vessel proliferation. Cellular pleomorphism was not marked and the mitotic activity varied from 1 to 5 mitotic figures per 10 high power fields. Microscopically, necrosis was observed in two cases and focally present in one. Immunohistochemical stains showed tumors cells universally negative for pancytokeratin; in the two pulmonary cases, focal staining for synaptophysin, CD56, and INSM1 was observed. The unexpected lack of expression of pancytokeratin led to additional analysis revealing positive staining with CD34 and STAT6 confirming a diagnosis of SFT. Clinical follow-up showed tumor recurrence in one patient while three patients remained alive and well after a period of 12 to 20 months. The current cases highlight an unusual variant of SFT that may be confused with other small cell tumor entities, such as neuroendocrine or neuroectodermal tumors, especially when originating in the thoracic cavity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50768,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Diagnostic Pathology","volume":"73 ","pages":"Article 152353"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141324061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinicopathological characteristics of methotrexate-related lymphoproliferative disorder of the thyroid: A study of 11 patients","authors":"Ayana Suzuki ,&nbsp;Mitsuyoshi Hirokawa ,&nbsp;Makoto Kawakami ,&nbsp;Yuko Hashimoto ,&nbsp;Moe Muramatsu ,&nbsp;Akira Miyauchi ,&nbsp;Takashi Akamizu","doi":"10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2024.152354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2024.152354","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Methotrexate (MTX) is a well-known agent that can potentially cause lymphoproliferative disorder (LPD), known as MTX-related LPD (MTX-LPD). Only two cases of thyroid MTX-LPD have been reported to date. This study aimed to report 11 cases of MTX-LPDs arising in the thyroid gland and discuss their clinicopathological characteristics. Of the 747 patients with cytologically suspected lymphoma, 11 had received MTX. The mean age of the patients with MTX-LPD was 70.2 years (range: 51–82 years), and all were female. The duration of MTX administration ranged from 5 to 31 years (mean: 19.5 years). Nine patients (81.8 %) tested positive for anti-thyroglobulin antibody and/or anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody. In three patients, the tumor decreased in size or disappeared without surgery or chemotherapy after withdrawal of MTX therapy. Histologically, all eight nodules examined were B-cell lymphomas, and seven were mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas. Epstein-Barr virus-encoded small RNA <em>in situ</em> hybridization showed negative results for all six nodules examined. All five patients who were followed-up at our hospital exhibited progression-free survival for &gt;3 years without chemotherapy. Six patients were transferred to other hospitals, and their follow-up details are unknown. MTX-LPDs occurring in the thyroid are characterized by a high female predominance, positivity for anti-thyroid autoantibodies, high prevalence of MALT lymphomas, negativity for Epstein-Barr virus, and good outcomes without chemotherapy. We recommend that patients with thyroid lymphoma should be checked for a history of MTX.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50768,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Diagnostic Pathology","volume":"73 ","pages":"Article 152354"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1092913424000911/pdfft?md5=f52ed28258630e1e3e8fe97b0e9ca306&pid=1-s2.0-S1092913424000911-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141323896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systemic diseases affecting the GI tract: A review of clinical and histopathologic manifestations","authors":"Maryam K. Pezhouh ,&nbsp;Dora Lam-Himlin ,&nbsp;Atif Zaheer ,&nbsp;Lysandra Voltaggio","doi":"10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2024.152351","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2024.152351","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A variety of systemic diseases may affect the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Since the GI tract responds to injury in limited ways, identifying these processes may be challenging, especially on small endoscopic biopsies. This article reviews the clinicopathologic features of commonly encountered systemic diseases affecting the tubular GI tract: sarcoidosis, graft vs. host disease, mast cell disorders, systemic sclerosis, and IgG-4 related disease. In addition, we offer guidance in differentiating them from their mimics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50768,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Diagnostic Pathology","volume":"73 ","pages":"Article 152351"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141281794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison and review of abrasive bronchial brushing versus non-abrasive aspiration, lavage and washing – Higher sensitivity but with risk of over-diagnosis for bronchial brushing","authors":"Joanna K.M. Ng ,&nbsp;Ivan K. Poon ,&nbsp;Joshua J.X. Li ,&nbsp;Ka Pang Chan ,&nbsp;Wing Ho Yip ,&nbsp;Gary M. Tse","doi":"10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2024.152352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2024.152352","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bronchial exfoliative cytology is classified as non-abrasive (washing, aspiration and bronchoalveolar lavage) and abrasive (brushing). Brush abrasion dislodges epithelial cells but can induce bleeding and cytomorphologic artifacts. In this study, the largest cohort to date of bronchial cytology specimens were referenced against bronchial biopsy as the reference standard. Findings in the study will be useful for selecting biopsy modality and reducing necessary procedural risks. All consecutive bronchial cytology and bronchial biopsy from 1995 to 2022 were retrieved. The diagnoses were reviewed and categorized into five-tiered diagnostic categories to compare diagnostic agreement and concordance. Review of 14,148 specimens yielded 3963 non-abrasive, 2378 abrasive cytology specimens matched to biopsy, with 4355 matches between non-abrasive and abrasive cytology specimens. Agreement between non-abrasive and abrasive cytology was moderate (κ = 0.580), and similar when referenced against biopsy (κ = 0.456 (non-abrasive), κ = 0.498 (abrasive)). Abrasive bronchial cytology showed a higher percentage of malignant diagnosis (20.95 % vs. 12.63 %, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) and over-diagnosis rate (36.40 % vs. 29.79 %, p &lt; 0.001), but higher sensitivity (0.747 vs. 0.572, <em>p</em> = 0.002). For subgroup analysis of transbronchial biopsies, matched abrasive cytology showed higher discordant rates (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) and lower accuracy (0.907 vs. 0.873, <em>p</em> = 0.020). With the added bleeding risk associated with brushing, abrasive techniques may only be preferable in cases with clinical or bronchoscopic suspicion of malignancy, in particular endobronchial mucosal lesions. For routine bronchoscopy, non-abrasive bronchial cytology appears to be adequate.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50768,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Diagnostic Pathology","volume":"73 ","pages":"Article 152352"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141251039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeted mutational profiling of Epstein Barr virus-positive mucocutaneous ulcer: Implications for differential diagnosis with EBV-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma","authors":"Ashley K. Volaric ,&nbsp;Jyoti Kumar ,&nbsp;Veronica Nicholas ,&nbsp;Atif Saleem ,&nbsp;Sebastian Fernandez-Pol ,&nbsp;Carlos J. Suarez ,&nbsp;Yasodha Natkunam","doi":"10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2024.152344","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2024.152344","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Epstein Barr Virus-positive mucocutaneous ulcer (EBVMCU) can be difficult to distinguish from EBV-positive diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). We used targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) to explore genetic alterations in EBVMCU to aid in this diagnostic challenge. Ten cases of EBVMCU were evaluated by a targeted NGS panel of 164 genes. Targeted NGS identified 18 variants in 15 genes in eight cases of EBVMCU. Loss of function <em>TET2</em> variants were most frequently identified (3 of 10 cases, 30 %). One <em>TET2</em> variant occurred at low variant allele frequency (VAF) of 3 %, which may be suggestive of clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential. One case harbored a loss of function <em>DNMT3A</em> variant at low VAF. Two cases demonstrated missense variants in the <em>IRF8</em> gene. Both variants occurred at a VAF close to 50 % and with an estimated high burden of disease (75 %). Two cases of mucosal gastrointestinal involvement had no reportable variants. Mutational profiling of EBVMCU identified <em>TET2</em> loss of function variants at an elevated frequency in our cohort; however, the findings are not specific and its clinical significance cannot be completely elucidated. Further studies are needed to confirm the findings in an independent and larger cohort of EBVMCU, to determine the cell of origin of the variants, and to further assess their significance in the pathogenesis of this disorder.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50768,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Diagnostic Pathology","volume":"73 ","pages":"Article 152344"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141185006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histopathology and its clinical correlation of liver biopsy in patients with treated autoimmune hepatitis","authors":"Ujunwa Korie ,&nbsp;Albina Joldoshova ,&nbsp;Binny Khandakar ,&nbsp;Xuchen Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuanxin Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2024.152333","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2024.152333","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) relies on well-established criteria encompassing histological, serological, and clinical features. Diagnosing AIH may become challenging when encountering patients who have undergone steroid therapy for other co-existing diseases. Thirty-nine liver biopsies from 25 patients with treated and untreated AIH were classified into three groups: 1) Newly diagnosed untreated biopsies (<em>n</em> = 16); 2) Newly diagnosed partially treated biopsies from patients already on steroid treatment for other co-existing diseases (<em>n</em> = 9); 3) Previously diagnosed biopsies from patients who had undergone complete treatment (<em>n</em> = 14). In the untreated AIH group, at least 50 % of the cases exhibited the following features: at least moderate portal inflammation (81 %), at least moderate lobular inflammation (56 %), ductular reaction (94 %), inflammation gradient from bile duct to interface (88 %), unequivocal interface hepatitis (100 %), emperipolesis (56 %), plasma cell cluster (88 %), apoptosis or necrosis (63 %), pericentral inflammation (63 %), and periportal fibrosis (88 %). Although all these diagnostically sensitive histologic features were present in significantly fewer cases after treatment (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05), the features of ductular reaction, inflammation gradient from bile duct to interface, pericentral inflammation, and periportal fibrosis were likely to persist after treatment, especially in partially treated cases; these features did not show a significant association with higher transaminase levels (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05) and were considered as indirect features of hepatocytic injury. Our data suggest categorizing AIH histological features into direct and indirect hepatocytic injuries. Direct hepatocytic injury features significantly correlate with transaminase levels and respond well to treatment, while indirect ones show weaker transaminase correlation and relative treatment resistance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50768,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Diagnostic Pathology","volume":"73 ","pages":"Article 152333"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141185005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ovarian angiosarcoma: A systematic review of literature and survival analysis","authors":"Shafi Rehman ,&nbsp;Arya Harikrishna ,&nbsp;Amisha Silwal ,&nbsp;B.R. Sumie ,&nbsp;Safdar Mohamed ,&nbsp;Nisha Kolhe ,&nbsp;Meghana Maddi ,&nbsp;Linh Huynh ,&nbsp;Jesus Gutierrez ,&nbsp;Yoshita Rao Annepu ,&nbsp;Ameer Mustafa Farrukh","doi":"10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2024.152331","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2024.152331","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ovarian angiosarcoma (OA) is rare, with only sporadic cases reported in English literature. We performed a systematic review of cases published in the PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases with the aim of describing the reported clinicopathological features of OA. Fifty-three articles that reported 60 patients were reviewed. Of the 60 patients, 7 (11.6 %) were diagnosed with secondary (metastatic) ovarian angiosarcoma and 53 (88.3 %) were diagnosed with primary ovarian angiosarcoma. The mean age at presentation for ovarian angiosarcoma was 38.3±17.8 years. The average tumor size for ovarian angiosarcoma was 11.9±6.1 cm. Abdominal distention was reported in 45/60 (75 %). Microscopic examination revealed necrosis in 28/60 (46.7 %), pleomorphism in 32/59 (54.2 %), mitotic figures in 44/60 (73.3 %), spindle-shaped cells in 27/36 (75 %), epithelioid-shaped cells in 20/36 (55.5 %), and mixed epithelioid and spindle-shaped cells in 12/36 (33.3 %) patients. On immunohistochemistry CD 31 was positive in 41/41 (100 %), CD 34 in 38/39 (97.4 %), and Factor VIII related antigen in 18/21 (85.7 %) patients. Metastasis was present in 43/60 (71.6 %) patients. Chemotherapy and surgery was performed in 36/52 (69.2 %). The median follow-up time for ovarian angiosarcoma was 7 months (IQR1-IQR3:2–13.5 months). 24 (48 %) of the 50 patients with available survival data were alive and 26/50 (52 %) were dead of disease. Survival analyses (KM curves) revealed that the presence of necrosis (log-rank test; <em>p</em> = 0.05) and absence of spindle-shaped cells (log rank test; <em>p</em> = 0.04) on histopathology were associated with worse outcomes, while treatment with combined chemotherapy and surgical excision was associated with better survival (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) therefore, prompt diagnosis and early treatment with combined chemotherapy and surgical excision can prolong survival in OA.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50768,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Diagnostic Pathology","volume":"73 ","pages":"Article 152331"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141136061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The frequency and prognostic role of P53 and P16 immunoexpression in primary ovarian mucinous tumors","authors":"Döndü Nergiz ,&nbsp;Hülya Tosun Yıldırım ,&nbsp;Dinç Süren ,&nbsp;Canan Sadullahoğlu ,&nbsp;Şenay Yıldırım ,&nbsp;Işın Üreyen","doi":"10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2024.152330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2024.152330","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Primary ovarian mucinous tumors are uncommon. Factors leading to invasive progression and metastatic disease have not been fully delineated yet. The aim of this study is to determine the rates of p53 and p16 immunoexpressions in primary ovarian mucinous tumors, to investigate their relationship with clinicopathologic factors and their impact on prognosis and survival.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Seventy-eight primary ovarian mucinous tumors (30 mucinous cystadenomas, 30 mucinous borderline tumors (MBOT), 18 mucinous carcinomas (MOC)) were evaluated immunohistochemically with p53 and p16 staining. The demographic, clinicopathological data, and postoperative follow-up findings of the patients were analyzed.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Mutation-type p53 staining was present in 1/30 (3.3 %) cystadenoma, 10/30 (33.3 %) MBOT and 9/18 (50 %) MOC (<em>p</em> = 0.001). p16 overexpression was detected in 3/30 (10.0 %) MBOT and 5/18 (27.8 %) MOC, but not in any cystadenoma (<em>p</em> = 0.04). The frequency of mutation-type p53 staining in MBOTs with microinvasion was higher (71.4 %) than in those without (28.6 %, <em>p</em> = 0.026). The frequencies of p16 or p53 mutations were similar in MBOTs with and without intraepithelial carcinoma, microinvasion or mural nodule (<em>p</em> &gt; 0.05). In MOCs with ovarian surface involvement, mutation-type p53 staining was detected in 66.7 % (6/9) and p16 overexpression in 55.6 % (5/9) of the cases. A significant difference was found between MOCs with or without ovarian surface involvement regarding the frequency of p16 overexpression (<em>p</em> = 0.029). Any relationship was not detected between survival and p53 and p16 expression in MOCs (<em>p</em> &gt; 0.05).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>p53 and p16 mutation rates were higher in MOCs compared to mucinous cystadenomas and MBOTs and suggest a relevant role in the development of primary ovarian mucinous carcinoma, however further studies are needed in this regard.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50768,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Diagnostic Pathology","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 152330"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141072803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grading of invasive pulmonary adenocarcinoma: Evolution of prior histologic classification systems to enhance lung cancer prognostication","authors":"David Ilan Suster","doi":"10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2024.152329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2024.152329","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50768,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Diagnostic Pathology","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 152329"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141072607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of tubulin β-3 and 5 hydroxy-methyl cytosine as diagnostic and prognostic markers in malignant melanoma","authors":"Lundmark Katarzyna ,&nbsp;Orfanidis Kyriakos ,&nbsp;Vainikka Linda ,&nbsp;Synnerstad Ingrid ,&nbsp;Wäster Petra ,&nbsp;Öllinger Karin","doi":"10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2024.152332","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2024.152332","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tubulin β-3 staining pattern and staining intensity of 5-hydroxymethyl cytosine (5-hmC) are potential diagnostic and prognostic markers in melanocytic lesions that need further evaluation. Melanocytic nevi and primary cutaneous melanomas were immunohistochemically stained for tubulin-β-3 and 5-hmC. Immunoreactivity and staining patterns were correlated with Breslow-thickness, clinical and pathological characteristics, and progression-free survival. Melanocytes showed positive tubulin β-3 staining. However, in most nevi, tubulin β-3 staining appeared as a gradient with intense cytoplasmic staining in cells of the superficial part of the lesion that faded to weak staining in the deep dermal part, while no gradient was found in deep penetrating nevi and melanomas. In 53 % of the melanomas, areas with loss of tubulin β-3 staining were found. 5-hmC staining intensity was significantly higher in melanocytic nevi compared to melanomas. Breslow thickness in combination with low 5-hmC score and loss of tubulin-β-3 staining was predictive for poor prognosis. As single markers, tubulin-β-3 and 5-hmC can be useful to distinguish between melanocytic nevi and melanoma, but staining variability limits the use of 5-hmC. In melanomas measuring &gt;1.5 mm, combination of low 5-hmC score and loss of tubulin-β-3 staining may have prognostic value.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50768,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Diagnostic Pathology","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 152332"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1092913424000698/pdfft?md5=308dfdfda73fc2dc2a5e26fab40b9147&pid=1-s2.0-S1092913424000698-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141047786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}