Annals of Diagnostic Pathology最新文献

{"title":"The role of fine needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of mediastinal lesions: A 9-year experience from coastal Karnataka","authors":"Chaithra Gowthuvalli Venkataramana ,&nbsp;Shalini Radhakrishnan ,&nbsp;K.M. Sinchana ,&nbsp;Aditi Dixit ,&nbsp;Kocherlakota Krishna Akhil ,&nbsp;Rakshatha Nayak ,&nbsp;Sunita Hegde ,&nbsp;Shikha Jayasheelan","doi":"10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2025.152520","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2025.152520","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fine needle aspiration cytology has emerged as a minimally invasive, cost-effective diagnostic tool with significant utility in evaluating mediastinal lesions. However, comprehensive data on its diagnostic accuracy, efficacy, and clinical impact on managing these lesions remain limited. This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic utility of fine needle aspiration cytology in mediastinal lesions, focusing on its accuracy, safety, and role in guiding therapeutic approaches. A cross-sectional retrospective analysis was conducted on patients who underwent fine needle aspiration for mediastinal lesions at our tertiary care centre between 2015 and 2024. Demographic data, cytological findings, histopathological correlation, and ancillary studies were reviewed. Diagnostic accuracy was assessed by comparing fine needle aspiration cytology findings with histopathological diagnoses. A cumulative total of 60 cases of mediastinal lesions were evaluated, of which 47 cases were considered suitable for cytological assessment. Among the 60 cases, 41 cases were identified as neoplastic (68.33 %), while 6 were classified as nonneoplastic (10 %) on cytology. Within the spectrum of neoplastic mediastinal lesions, lymphoma was recognised as the principal neoplastic entity, followed by thymic neoplasms and metastatic lesions. The overall diagnostic accuracy achieved through fine needle aspiration cytology in distinguishing these lesions was established at 83.8 %, with diagnostic accuracy being exceptionally high in metastatic lesions. Fine needle aspiration cytology of mediastinal lesions is a highly accurate, safe, and valuable diagnostic tool that significantly influences clinical management and treatment protocols. However, further studies with larger sample sizes and prospective designs are warranted to validate these results and refine procedural protocols.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50768,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Diagnostic Pathology","volume":"79 ","pages":"Article 152520"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144263809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reactivity of carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) across the spectrum of renal cell carcinomas with sarcomatoid differentiation","authors":"Maryna Slisarenko ,&nbsp;Reza Alaghehbandan ,&nbsp;Joanna Rogala ,&nbsp;Mihaela Farcas ,&nbsp;Josef Skopal ,&nbsp;Marian Svajdler ,&nbsp;Ondrej Fiala ,&nbsp;Petr Stránský Jr. ,&nbsp;Adriena Bartos Vesela ,&nbsp;Tomas Pitra ,&nbsp;Milan Hora ,&nbsp;Michal Michal ,&nbsp;Ondrej Hes ,&nbsp;Kristyna Pivovarcikova","doi":"10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2025.152517","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2025.152517","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) is traditionally considered to be an immunomarker of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, CA IX expression has also been documented in other RCCs subtypes. Discrimination between clear cell RCC and non-clear cell RCC is crucial for further patient management. The aim of this study was to assess CA IX immunoreactivity across the spectrum of RCC with sarcomatoid differentiation. The expression of CA IX was evaluated in 32 cases of RCCs with sarcomatoid differentiation (12 clear cell RCC, 7 papillary RCC and 13 chromophobe RCC). Seven urothelial carcinomas (UC) with sarcomatoid differentiation (originally from renal pelvis) and 23 soft tissue tumors were also included as a control cohort. The sensitivity for CA IX in sarcomatoid component of clear cell RCC was 91.7 % (moderate/strong CA IX staining in &gt;60 % of sarcomatoid component). However, the CA IX specificity was rather low (45 %), as a significant proportion of sarcomatoid components in different renal cell carcinoma subtypes also stained with CA IX (2/7 papillary RCC, 9/14 chromophobe RCC). When urothelial carcinoma and soft tissue tumors were included in the evaluation, the specificity of CA IX staining for sarcomatoid clear cell RCC reached 60 %. In conclusion, CA IX shows decent sensitivity for sarcomatoid clear cell RCC, but with low specificity, hence limiting its diagnostic utility as a reliable marker of in tumors with predominant sarcomatoid component.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50768,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Diagnostic Pathology","volume":"79 ","pages":"Article 152517"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144272305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Letter to the Editor: Nuclear pseudo inclusion is associated with BRAFV600E mutation: Analysis of nuclear features in papillary thyroid carcinoma”","authors":"Noor Ul Huda ,&nbsp;Hafsa Ahsun ,&nbsp;Muhammad Fahad Mukhtar","doi":"10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2025.152516","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2025.152516","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Harahap et al. (2025) examine the association between BRAFV600E mutation and nuclear features in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), with a focus on nuclear pseudo inclusions (NPIs). While the study contributes to understanding molecular-histo pathological correlations, several critical limitations warrant attention. The authors do not account for congenital anomalies such as thyroid hemi agenesis, which can alter tumor morphology independently of genetic mutations [2]. Additionally, coexisting autoimmune thyroid conditions like Hashimoto’s thyroiditis may confound nuclear features through inflammatory changes [3]. The study also overlooks the influence of demographic factors, such as age and gender, which are known to impact PTC prognosis and histology [4]. Reliance on a subjective nuclear scoring system without digital validation raises concerns about reproducibility and inter observer variability [5]. Addressing these gaps is significant to improve the diagnostic accuracy and clinical relevance of morpho-molecular correlations in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. Future research should adopt more comprehensive and standardized approaches.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50768,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Diagnostic Pathology","volume":"79 ","pages":"Article 152516"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144223230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Small but significant: Prognostic value of the small duct type in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma","authors":"Jiyun Kim,&nbsp;Joon Young Park,&nbsp;So Young Kim,&nbsp;Sejin Jung,&nbsp;Joo-Young Na,&nbsp;Hyun Jung Lee,&nbsp;Dong Hoon Shin,&nbsp;Jung Hee Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2025.152515","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2025.152515","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to evaluate the clinicopathological features, prognostic relevance, and classification accuracy of histological subtypes—the small duct type and the large duct type—in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) based on the WHO 5th edition criteria. A retrospective analysis was conducted on iCCA cases classified into the small duct type and the large duct type. Key pathological variables were identified using logistic regression and used to develop a random forest classification model. Survival outcomes were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses. The random forest model, using nine significant pathological features, achieved an overall classification accuracy of 83 %. Mucin production, tumor grade, and intraepithelial lesion were among the most influential predictors. The small duct type was associated with significantly better overall survival (5-year rate: 57.6 %) and recurrence-free survival (46.6 %) compared to the large duct type (24.9 % and 20.6 %, respectively). Multivariable analysis confirmed the large duct type as an independent predictor of worse prognosis. Histological subtyping of iCCA holds important prognostic value. The small duct type is associated with a more favorable clinical course, supporting the integration of subtype-aware assessments into diagnostic and prognostic frameworks. These findings may inform future developments in computational pathology and personalized treatment strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50768,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Diagnostic Pathology","volume":"79 ","pages":"Article 152515"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144195542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial Comment on Mucinous Neoplasms Associated with Mature Cystic Teratomas: A Clinicopathologic Study of 50 Cases: Are We Ready for Nomenclature Change?","authors":"Vinita Parkash","doi":"10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2025.152514","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2025.152514","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50768,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Diagnostic Pathology","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 152514"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144217464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rosai-Dorfman disease of the breast: A six-case clinicopathologic study","authors":"Elif Demirci ,&nbsp;Mostafa Kokabee ,&nbsp;Aruuke Sulaimanova ,&nbsp;Diana Kantarovich ,&nbsp;Iskender Genco ,&nbsp;Shabnam Jaffer ,&nbsp;Alyssa Yurovitsky ,&nbsp;Sabina Hajiyeva","doi":"10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2025.152513","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2025.152513","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50768,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Diagnostic Pathology","volume":"79 ","pages":"Article 152513"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144147662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"OBITUARY: RENE J. BUESA, Ph.D., HTL (ASCP)","authors":"Saul Suster","doi":"10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2025.152503","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2025.152503","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50768,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Diagnostic Pathology","volume":"79 ","pages":"Article 152503"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144223231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the role of cytology in diagnosing primary lung carcinoma with special reference to the 2023 WHO lung cytology reporting categories","authors":"Kartavya Kumar Verma,&nbsp;Amit Bugalia,&nbsp;Nighat Hussain","doi":"10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2025.152505","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2025.152505","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diagnosing lung carcinoma in cytology specimens is notably challenging. In response, the World Health Organization (WHO) introduced reformulated categories in 2023 that reflect varying malignancy risks. To evaluate this revised classification, it is vital to correlate cytological results with biopsy findings. In this study, we reclassified previously diagnosed cases based on the new WHO cytological categories. Prospective cross-sectional study evaluated cytology samples from lung carcinoma patients at AIIMS Raipur (2019–2021) and, in 2024, reclassified them according to updated WHO categories, facilitating a new assessment of cytology sensitivity through descriptive statistics and calculations. In this study, 116 biopsy-confirmed primary lung carcinoma cases underwent cytological evaluation, with cell blocks prepared for 70 cases. Sample types included bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid (68 cases, 58.6 %), sputum (4 cases, 3.4 %), and fine needle aspiration cytology (4 cases, 3.4 %); remaining samples were pleural fluid, which were subsequently excluded. Following the adoption of new WHO classification categories in 2024, a retrospective analysis demonstrated a significant improvement in sensitivity, increasing from 36.8 % (28/76) to 65.8 % (50/76), which enhanced the detection of atypical, suspicious, or malignant cases. This study underscores the effectiveness and limitations of cytological examination in diagnosing primary lung carcinoma, demonstrating that many cases can be accurately identified. The new WHO cytology categories improve diagnostic accuracy, but sensitivity results suggest room for precision enhancement. BAL fluid's low sensitivity for peripheral lesions underscores the need for alternative sampling methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50768,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Diagnostic Pathology","volume":"79 ","pages":"Article 152505"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144124607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Granuloma rich hepatocellular carcinoma (GrHCC): Clinicopathologic and genomic characterization","authors":"Mukul Vij ,&nbsp;Lexmi Priya Raju ,&nbsp;Dinesh Jothimani ,&nbsp;Evangeline Simon ,&nbsp;Subathra Radhakrishnan ,&nbsp;Catherine Ann Martin ,&nbsp;Gowripriya Gowrishankar ,&nbsp;Komalavalli Subbiah ,&nbsp;Rajesh Rajalingam ,&nbsp;Ilankumaran Kaliamoorthy ,&nbsp;Ashwin Rammohan ,&nbsp;Mohamed Rela","doi":"10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2025.152504","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2025.152504","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is limited literature on sarcoid like granuloma (SLG) associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here in, we studied clinicopathological characteristics, and explored the potential significance of SLG in HCC. We termed these tumors as granuloma rich HCC (GrHCC). We reviewed clinicopathologic features in 30 GrHCC tumors that were diagnosed in 21 patients during a period of 68-month at a single institution. The study included 17 males and 4 females, with ages ranging from 43 to 71 years in males and 20 to 69 years in females. Tumor downstaging was done in 4 patients. Tumor sizes ranged from 0.6 to 23 cm, with a mean size of 2.41 cm. Majority of tumors showed well to moderate cellular differentiation. A solitary well-formed epithelioid granuloma sufficed to classify the tumor as GrHCC. The intratumoral granulomas were compact, well-formed, and discrete, consisting of collections of epithelioid histiocytes and multinucleate histiocytic giant cells. Mild lymphocytic inflammation was also noted. Single to several granulomas were identified in the tumor. Size of granuloma ranged from 170 to 650 μm. Only one tumor showed necrotizing granulomas. Genomic analysis of 4 tumors revealed TP53 mutation. Two tumors also exhibited a TERT promoter mutation. All patients were alive till last follow-up, except for one, who died due to septic shock, unrelated to the HCC. This study provides valuable insights into the clinical findings, histopathological features and molecular characteristics of GrHCC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50768,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Diagnostic Pathology","volume":"79 ","pages":"Article 152504"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144124606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and pathological characteristics and prognostic factors of SMARCA4-deficient non-small cell lung cancer","authors":"Bowen Zhang,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Yang,&nbsp;Junle Jia","doi":"10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2025.152499","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2025.152499","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of the study is to investigate the clinicopathological features and prognostic factors of <em>SMARCA4-</em>deficient non-small cell lung cancer (<em>SMARCA4-</em>deficient NSCLC). A total of 43 patients with <em>SMARCA4</em>-deficient NSCLC who were diagnosed at Baotou Steel Hospital between January 2021 and October 2024 were included. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were plotted, and the log-rank test was used for group comparisons. Cox regression analysis was performed to identify factors influencing the 2-year overall survival in <em>SMARCA4-</em>deficient NSCLC patients. <em>SMARCA4-</em>deficient NSCLC patients exhibited distinct characteristics: older age (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), male predominance (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), smoking history (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), larger tumors (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), higher Ki-67 index (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), lower EGFR mutation rates (P &lt; 0.05), fewer squamous carcinomas (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), and more poorly differentiated tumors (P &lt; 0.05). Immunohistochemistry revealed BRG1 loss in 93.0 % (40/43), with <em>TTF-1</em> (76.7 %) and <em>P40</em> (81.4 %) negativity. The 2-year survival rate was significantly worse in <em>SMARCA4</em>-deficient NSCLC vs. <em>SMARCA4-</em>intact NSCLC (log-rank <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Multivariate Cox analysis identified age ≥ 65 years (HR = 2.8, <em>P</em> = 0.003), smoking (HR = 2.4, <em>P</em> = 0.012), tumor size &gt;5 cm (HR = 3.1, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), and distant metastasis (HR = 4.5, P &lt; 0.001) as independent predictors of poor survival in <em>SMARCA4-</em>deficient NSCLC. Patients with advanced-stage disease (III/IV) had significantly shorter survival (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). <em>SMARCA4</em> deficiency defines an aggressive NSCLC subtype with unique clinicopathological traits, including rapid progression, and poor survival.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50768,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Diagnostic Pathology","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 152499"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144115827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}