Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence and Resistance Profiles of Pediatric Enterococcal Isolates: A Five-Year Update from Children's Medical Center Hospital, Tehran.","authors":"Bahram Nikmanesh, Sajjad Yazdansetad, Mona Konkori, Mehrzad Sadredinamin, Zohreh Ghalavand, Neda Yousefi Nojookambari","doi":"10.1155/2024/5529598","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/5529598","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In this study, attempts were made to evaluate the frequency of high-level gentamicin-resistant (HLGR) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and the prevalence and antibiotic resistance profile of enterococcal species isolated from pediatric patients referred to Children's Medical Center Hospital, Tehran, over five years.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 404 enterococcal isolates from different patients referred to the Children's Medical Center between March 2016 and March 2021 were included in this cross-sectional study. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using standard methods according to the guidelines of the Clinical Laboratories Standards Institute (CLSI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Approximately one-third of the enterococcal strains were isolated from urology and intensive care units. 17.3% of the isolates were obtained from outpatient sources. However, 82.7% of the isolates were sourced from inpatient settings. We found that the rates of resistance to ampicillin, penicillin, and vancomycin were twice as high in inpatients as in outpatients. Of the total isolates, 87.4% and 49.3% were identified as HLGR and VRE, respectively. In addition, we identified 2% of the VRE isolates that were not susceptible to linezolid. Nitrofurantoin showed excellent activity against enterococcal isolates in the urine, with a susceptibility rate of 92.5%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present study reports the highest range of VRE isolated from pediatric patients in Iran. Despite the predominance of HLGR enterococci in our region, vancomycin remains effective against such strains. This study is among the few to demonstrate the incidence of linezolid-insensitive VRE in pediatric patients. Therefore, it is important to evaluate effective infection control measures to prevent linezolid and vancomycin resistance in enterococci.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2024 ","pages":"5529598"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11303065/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141898852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dose-Dependent Prophylactic Efficacy of Filarial Antigens Glutathione-S-Transferase and Abundant Larval Transcript-2 against <i>Brugia malayi</i> Challenge in <i>Mastomys</i>.","authors":"Mohini Rambhau Nakhale, Priyanka Bhoj, Namdev Togre, Vishal Khatri, Lalit Batra, Udaikumar Padigel, Kalyan Goswami","doi":"10.1155/2024/4543922","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/4543922","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To identify the most effective dose of filarial r<i>Bm</i>ALT-2 and r<i>Wb</i>GST alone or in combination against <i>B. malayi</i> infection <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong><i>Mastomys</i> (<i>n</i> = 5-7/group) received intramuscular (i.m.) injection with three different doses (25, 50, and 100 <i>μ</i>g) of r<i>Bm</i>ALT-2 or r<i>Wb</i>GST, either alone or in combination with alum as the adjuvant. Protective immunity was studied by <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> cytotoxicity assay. To evaluate the cellular immune response, splenocyte proliferation and cytokine profile were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Serological results revealed a substantial (<i>p</i> < 0.005) induction of IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG3 responses in vaccinated <i>Mastomys</i>. <i>Mastomys</i> immunized with 50 <i>μ</i>g r<i>Bm</i>ALT-2 + alum induced 79-81% killing against the L3 larvae challenge <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> ADCC assay (<i>p</i> < 0.005); whereas r<i>Wb</i>GST + alum alone or in combination with r<i>Bm</i>ALT-2 + alum induced 63-68% killing (<i>p</i> < 0.005) <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i>. Antigen-specific cytokine profiles of <i>Mastomys</i> vaccinated with either <i>Bm</i>ALT-2, <i>Wb</i>GST or a combination showed elevated IL-10, IL-4, and IFN-<i>γ</i> levels, signifying both Th1 and Th2 immune response.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that immunization of <i>Mastomys</i> with a 50 <i>μ</i>g/dose of r<i>Bm</i>ALT-2 + alum four times at a 4-week interval demonstrated considerable protection against <i>B. malayi</i> infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2024 ","pages":"4543922"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11300053/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141894809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into the Correlation between Toll-Like Receptor 2 Polymorphism and HBV-Related Disease Progression and Occurrence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Case-Control Study in Egyptian Patients.","authors":"Naglaa S Elabd, Marwa L Helal, Mohsen Elkhayat, Heba Kamal Abd-ElKhalek, Doaa M Ahmed, Asmaa M El-Shemy, Yara S Elsaadawy, Rasha A Abdelmoneum, Hind S AboShabaan, Randa M Seddik","doi":"10.1155/2024/5797895","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/5797895","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Methods: </strong>In total, 170 chronic HBV patients and 50 healthy controls of comparable age and gender were included in this case-control study. Clinical, laboratory, and imaging evaluations were conducted. ELISA was used to determine serum IL-6 levels, and TLR2 (rs3804099) genotyping allelic discrimination assay was performed using real-time PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>IL-6 values were significantly higher in the HCC group, followed by the cirrhotic group, than those in chronic hepatitis and control groups (<i>p</i> < 0.001), with a significant correlation with disease activity and progression parameters. TRL2 homozygous TT was the most frequent in the control group, but the CC genotype was significantly more prevalent in the HCC group than that in the other groups. Furthermore, the CC genetic variant was associated with higher levels of IL-6 and viral load in all HBV patients, whereas the TT genotype was associated with larger tumor size. Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that in chronic HBV patients, viral load and TRL2 polymorphism are independent risk factors associated with the progression from chronic hepatitis to liver cirrhosis and to HCC. Similarly, the HBV viral load (<i>p</i>=0.03, OR = 2.45, and 95% CI: 1.69-3.65), IL-6 levels (<i>p</i>=0.04, OR = 3.45, and 95% CI: 2.01-6.9), and TRL2 variants (<i>p</i>=0.01, OR = 4.25, and 95% CI: 2.14-13.5) are independent risk factors associated with disease progression from cirrhosis to HCC.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In chronic HBV patients, TRL2 polymorphism and higher IL-6 levels were positively correlated with a higher likelihood of HCC and chronic hepatitis B disease activity and progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2024 ","pages":"5797895"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11281855/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141789729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological Characteristics and Trends of Scarlet Fever in Zhejiang Province of China: Population-Based Surveillance during 2004-2022.","authors":"Zhen Fang, Chenjin Ma, Wangli Xu, Xiuxiu Shi, Shelan Liu","doi":"10.1155/2024/6257499","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/6257499","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Over the past two decades, scarlet fever has resurged in some countries or areas. Nationwide nonpharmaceutical interventions changed the patterns of other infectious diseases, but its effects on the spread of scarlet fever were rarely studied. This study aimed to evaluate the changes in scarlet fever incidence in Zhejiang Province, China, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic periods and to provide references for scarlet fever prevention and control.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Scarlet fever surveillance data in Zhejiang, China (2004-2022), were analyzed in three stages. Two-sample <i>z</i> test, ANOVA, and Tukey's test were used to compare and analyze the characteristics of disease spread at different stages. The ARIMA model was used to predict the overall trend. The data were obtained from the National Infectious Disease Reporting Information System.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 28,652 cases of scarlet fever were reported across Zhejiang Province during the study period, with the lowest average monthly incidences in 2020 (0.111/100,000). The predominant areas affected were the northern and central regions of Zhejiang, and all regions of Zhejiang experienced a decrease in incidence in 2020. The steepest decline in incidence in 2020 was found in children aged 0-4 years (67.3% decrease from 23.8/100,000 to 7.8/100,000). The seasonal pattern changed, with peak occurrences in April to June and November to January during 2004-2019 and 2021 and a peak in January in 2020. The median duration from diagnosis to confirmation was highest before COVID-19 (4 days); however, it decreased to 1 day in 2020-2022, matching the other two medians.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In 2020, Zhejiang experienced an unprecedented decrease in scarlet fever, with the lowest incidence in nearly 18 years, but it rebounded in 2021 and 2022. The seasonal epidemiologic characteristics of scarlet fever also changed with the COVID-19 outbreaks. This suggested that nationwide nonpharmaceutical interventions greatly depressed the spread of scarlet fever. With the relaxation of non-pharmaceutical intervention restrictions, scarlet fever may reappear. Government policymakers should prioritize the control of future scarlet fever outbreaks for public health.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2024 ","pages":"6257499"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11260510/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141735627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multidrug Resistant Enteric Bacteria from Cancer Patients Admitted in Douala Laquintinie Hospital, Littoral Region of Cameroon.","authors":"Michael F Kengne, Ornella D Tsobeng, Ballue S T Dadjo, Victor Kuete, Armelle T Mbaveng","doi":"10.1155/2024/2084884","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/2084884","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Patients with cancer have weakened immune systems, making them more vulnerable to infections. This study was carried out to determine the bacterial origins of enteric disorders in cancer patients and noncancer patients at the Oncology Department of Laquintinie Hospital in Douala. A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2021 to March 2023. Stool samples from 307 cancer patients with enteric disorders and 200 noncancer patients with enteric disorders were examined to diagnose the presence of bacteria using various techniques. Among all participants in this study, 62.13% were female and 37.87% were male. The average age of the participants was 46.38 ± 15.81 years, with a minimum age of 10 years and a maximum age of 84 years. The average age of participants was significantly higher (<i>p</i> < 0.000) in cancer patients (49.54 ± 14.65 years) compared to noncancer patients (41.53 ± 16.33 years). <i>Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Salmonella typhi, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Yersinia intemedia, and Klebsiella oxytoca</i> were more frequently isolated in cancer patients than in noncancer patients, with the respective percentages of 56.25% <i>versus</i> 43.75%, 50.00% <i>versus</i> 50.00%, 61.66% <i>versus</i> 38.34%, 66.66% <i>versus</i> 33.34%, 72.22% <i>versus</i> 27.78%, 80.00 <i>versus</i> 20.00%, and 100% <i>versus</i> 0.00%. Most isolates were sensitive to imipenem (IMP), gentamicin (GEN), and amikacin (AMK). <i>Proteus vulgaris,</i> the most prevalent isolate, showed significantly high resistance (with <i>p</i> < 0.05) in cancer patients compared to noncancer patients at amoxicillin/clavuranic acid (AMC) (89.13% <i>versus</i> 41.30%), ceftriaxone (CTR) (63.04% <i>versus</i> 39.13%), ciprofloxacin (CIP) (65.22% <i>versus</i> 34.18%), and tetracycline (TET) (93.48% <i>versus</i> 63.04%). Multidrug resistance was observed in cancer patients compared to noncancer patients for <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (85.00% <i>versus</i> 60.00%), <i>Salmonella typhi</i> (84.62% <i>versus</i> 60.00%), and <i>Klebsiella oxytoca</i> (86.49% <i>versus</i> 43.48%). The increase in the number of Gram-negative infections among cancer patients, as shown in the present study, highlights the need for broad-spectrum therapy and effective planning of control programs to reduce bacterial diseases among cancer patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2024 ","pages":"2084884"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11259499/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141735628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling for Prediction of Mortality Based on past Medical History in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: A Secondary Analysis.","authors":"Seyyed Amir Yasin Ahmadi, Yeganeh Karimi, Arash Abdollahi, Ali Kabir","doi":"10.1155/2024/3256108","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/3256108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Although COVID-19 is not currently a public health emergency, it will affect susceptible individuals in the post-COVID-19 era. Hence, the present study aimed to develop a model for Iranian patients to identify at-risk groups based on past medical history (PMHx) and some other factors affecting the death of patients hospitalized with COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A secondary study was conducted with the existing data of hospitalized COVID-19 adult patients in the hospitals covered by Iran University of Medical Sciences. PMHx was extracted from the registered ICD-10 codes. Stepwise logistic regression was used to predict mortality by PMHx and background covariates such as intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Crude population attributable fraction (PAF) as well as crude and adjusted odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were reported.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 8879 patients were selected with 19.68% mortality. Infectious and parasitic diseases' history showed the greatest association (OR = 5.72, 95% CI: 4.20, 7.82), while the greatest PAF was for cardiovascular system diseases (20.46%). According to logistic regression modeling, the largest effect, other than ICU admission and age, was for history of infectious and parasitic diseases (OR = 3.089, 95% CI: 2.13, 4.47). A good performance was achieved (area under curve = 0.875).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Considering the prevalence of underlying diseases, many mortality cases of COVID-19 are attributable to the history of cardiovascular disease. Future studies are needed for policy making regarding reduction of COVID-19 mortality in susceptible groups in the post-COVID-19 era.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2024 ","pages":"3256108"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11233185/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141565053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interaction of Glycemic Control and Statin Use on Diabetes-Tuberculosis Treatment Outcome: A Nested Case-Control Study.","authors":"Xiangrui Meng, Huiqiu Zheng, Jian Du, Xuemei Wang, Yanling Wang, Jing Hu, Jing Zhao, Qianqian Du, Yulong Gao","doi":"10.1155/2024/8675248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/8675248","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aims to explore the interaction of glycemic control and statin use on the treatment outcomes of pulmonary tuberculosis-diabetes comorbidity (PTB-DM) patients. A nested case-control study was conducted in a tuberculosis patients' cohort. We defined cases as patients who experienced unfavorable outcomes. Glycemic control was estimated at the baseline. Statin use was obtained from medical records. The multivariate logistic regression models were developed, and the interaction table invented by Andersson was adopted to analyze the interaction of glycemic control and statin use on treatment outcomes. A total of 2,047 patients were included in this study. There was a significant interaction between glycemic control and statin use on the treatment outcomes. Patients with good glycemic control and no statin use (OR = 0.464, 95% CI: 0.360-0.623) had a lower risk of unfavorable outcomes than those with poor glycemic control and statin use (OR = 0.604, 95% CI: 0.401-0.734). Patients with good glycemic control and statin use had the lowest risk of unfavorable outcomes (OR = 0.394, 95% CI: 0.264-0.521). Glycemic control in diabetes-tuberculosis treatment should be paid considerable attention. Patients can benefit from statin use even if they have poor glycemic control. Patients with good glycemic control and statin use can have the best outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2024 ","pages":"8675248"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11211008/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141472217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunization against Medically Important Human Coronaviruses of Public Health Concern.","authors":"Nabil A Nimer, Seema N Nimer","doi":"10.1155/2024/9952803","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/9952803","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>SARS-CoV-2 is a virus that affects the human immune system. It was observed to be on the rise since the beginning of 2020 and turned into a life-threatening pandemic. Scientists have tried to develop a possible preventive and therapeutic drug against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and other related coronaviruses by assessing COVID-19-recovered persons' immunity. This study aims to review immunization against SARS-CoV-2, along with exploring the interventions that have been developed for the prevention of SARS-CoV-2. This study also highlighted the role of phototherapy in treating SARS-CoV infection. The study adopted a review approach to gathering the information available and the progress that has been made in the treatment and prevention of COVID-19. Various vaccinations, including nucleotide, subunit, and vector-based vaccines, as well as attenuated and inactivated forms that have already been shown to have prophylactic efficacy against the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and SARS-CoV, have been summarized. Neutralizing and non-neutralizing antibodies are all associated with viral infections. Because there is no specific antiviral vaccine or therapies for coronaviruses, the main treatment strategy is supportive care, which is reinforced by combining broad-spectrum antivirals, convalescent plasma, and corticosteroids. COVID-19 has been a challenge to keep reconsidering the usual approaches to regulatory evaluation as a result of getting mixed and complicated findings on the vaccines, as well as licensing procedures. However, it is observed that medicinal herbs also play an important role in treating infection of the upper respiratory tract, the principal symptom of SARS-CoV due to their natural bioactive composite. However, some Traditional Chinese Medicines contain mutagens and nephrotoxins and the toxicological properties of the majority of Chinese herbal remedies are unknown. Therefore, to treat the COVID-19 infection along with conventional treatment, it is recommended that herb-drug interaction be examined thoroughly.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2024 ","pages":"9952803"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11208815/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141472216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequency and Risk Factors of Surgical Site Infection among Sudanese Patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.","authors":"Mohamed Elfayeg, Ahmed Suleiman, Yousif Eltohami","doi":"10.1155/2024/7525831","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/7525831","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In Sudan, patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) presented lately in advanced stages. Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common complications of surgical treatment of OSCC which significantly affects the clinical outcomes. The present study aimed to assess the frequency and risk factors of postoperative surgical site infection among OSCC patients underwent surgery at Khartoum Teaching Dental Hospital (KTDH).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a prospective, analytical, hospital-based study conducted at KTDH during the period from 2022 to 2023. Patients with OSCC were surgically treated and assessed carefully for the development of the SSI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixty patients were enrolled in the present study. Twenty-nine (48.3%) patients were above 61 years, with the predominance of males with 42 (70%) patients. The most involved site of OSCC was the lower gingivolabial region in 35 (39.3%) patients. Forty-seven (78%) patients were in advanced stages III and IV. Forty-five (80%) patients had modified radical neck dissection. Blood transfusion was administered in 50 (83.3%) patients. Twenty-six (43.4%) patients developed SSI; 15 (57.7%) patients of them were Toombak dippers. Development of SSI was found to be significantly associated with the tumour site (<i>P</i> value 0.9), clinical stage (<i>P</i> value 0.6), the number of transfused blood units (<i>P</i> value 0.04), and the duration of hospital stay (<i>P</i> value 0.04). In contrast, use of sutures for wound closure was associated with a reduced risk of developing SSI (<i>P</i> value 0.005).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Surgical site infection was found in 43.4% of the OSCC patients. It was associated with advanced clinical stage and tumour site. Minimizing the number of blood units transfused intraoperatively, we decrease the duration of hospital stay and the use of sutures for wound closure decreases the risk of SSI significantly.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2024 ","pages":"7525831"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10869196/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139742556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-Year Point Prevalence Survey of Antimicrobial Use in a Chinese University Hospital.","authors":"Fa-Hong Jing, Qiang Wang, Tian-Jiao He, Na Xin, Yao-Wei Wang, Yang Han, Xin Wang, Zhuo Li","doi":"10.1155/2024/6698387","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/6698387","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To evaluate the prevalence and quality of antimicrobial prescriptions using a Global Point Prevalence Survey (PPS) tool and help identify targets for improvement of antimicrobial prescribing and inform the development of antimicrobial stewardship activities. Antimicrobial prescriptions for inpatients staying at a hospital overnight were surveyed on one weekday in October 2018, November 2019, and November 2020. Data including basic patient information, antimicrobial drugs, quality evaluation of antimicrobial drug prescription, and the risk factors of nosocomial infection were collected from doctor network workstation. Patient information was anonymized and entered in the PPS Web application by physicians. A total of 720 patients (median age, 62 years) were surveyed. Of them, 246 (34.2%) were prescribed antimicrobials on the survey days. Hospital-wide antimicrobial use had a significantly decreasing trend (<i>P</i> < 0.001). The most commonly prescribed antimicrobial drugs were third-generation cephalosporins (40.5%), followed by quinolones (21.8%) and second-generation cephalosporin (12.5%). In our study, cefoperazone/sulbactam, ceftazidime, and levofloxacin were the most commonly used antimicrobials. The most common indication for antimicrobial use was pneumonia or lower respiratory tract infection (159/321, 49.5%). Antimicrobial for surgical prophylaxis represented 16.2% of the total antibiotic doses. Of those, 67.3% were administered for more than 24 h. The rate of adherence to antibiotic guidelines was 61.4%. The indications for antimicrobials were not documented in 54.5% of the prescriptions. Stop/review date was documented for 36.8% of prescriptions. The PPS tool is useful in identifying targets to enhance the quality of antimicrobial prescriptions to improve the adherence rate in hospitals. This survey can be used as a control to assess the rational application quality of antimicrobial after regular application of antimicrobial intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2024 ","pages":"6698387"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10869184/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139742524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}