Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Isolation and Characterization of Carbapenem-Resistant <i>Escherichia coli</i> Carrying <i>bla</i>_NDM and <i>mcr-1</i> from Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection Patient.","authors":"Liang Chen,&nbsp;Jiyong Jian,&nbsp;Zeqiang Xie,&nbsp;Ping Zhao,&nbsp;Man Zhang","doi":"10.1155/2023/6640009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6640009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The emergence of carbapenem-resistant <i>E. coli</i> (CRECO), leading to few antibacterial drugs available for CRECO infection. In this study, we report three carbapenem-resistant <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E. coli</i>) isolates coproducing <i>bla</i>_NDM and <i>mcr-1</i> from patients with recurrent urinary tract infection (RUTI). Carbapenem-resistant <i>E. coli</i> strains, E55, E84, and E85, were isolated from the urine sample of RUTI patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) was conducted with VITEK-2 compact system and Kirby-Bauer (K-B) disk diffusion method. The ESBL test was detected by the disk diffusion method. The EDTA-modified carbapenem inactivation method (eCIM) and modified carbapenem inactivation method (mCIM) were performed for screening the carbapenemase. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was performed for molecular typing of the strains. The resistance genes were detected by PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The three isolates were all susceptible to tigecycline and nitrofurantoin. The <i>bla</i>_NDM-1, <i>bla</i>_CMY-6, <i>bla</i>_TEM-1 and <i>bla</i>_CTX-M-1, <i>mcr-1</i>, and porin loss expression of outer membrane protein F (<i>OmpF</i>) were detected in E55, which was assigned to ST2. The E84 and E85 were identified as ST471 carrying <i>bla</i>_NDM-5, <i>bla</i>_CTX-M55, and <i>bla</i>_TEM-1 and the quinsolone-resistant genes <i>aac(6')-Ib-cr</i> and <i>mcr-1</i>.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>To our knowledge, our study is the first to report carbapenem-resistant <i>E. coli</i> strains carrying <i>bla</i>_NDM and <i>mcr-1</i> from urine of the recurrent urinary tract infection patients. These <i>E. coli</i> strains carrying <i>bla</i>_NDM and <i>mcr-1</i> should be closely monitored.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2023 ","pages":"6640009"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10482531/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10541727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load in Human Saliva to Oropharyngeal Swabs, Nasopharyngeal Swabs, and Sputum: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Mouri R J Faruque,&nbsp;Floris J Bikker,&nbsp;Marja L Laine","doi":"10.1155/2023/5807370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/5807370","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to investigate the SARS-CoV-2 viral load in human saliva and compared it with the loads in oropharyngeal swabs, nasopharyngeal swabs, and sputum. In addition, the salivary viral loads of symptomatic and asymptomatic COVID-19 patients were compared. Searches were conducted using four electronic databases: PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science, for studies published on SARS-CoV-2 loads expressed by <i>C</i>_<i>T</i> values or copies/mL RNA. Three reviewers evaluated the included studies to confirm eligibility and assessed the risk of bias. A total of 37 studies were included. Mean <i>C</i>_<i>T</i> values in saliva ranged from 21.5 to 39.6 and mean copies/mL RNA ranged from 1.91 × 10¹ to 6.98 × 10¹¹. Meta-analysis revealed no significant differences in SARS-CoV-2 load in saliva compared to oropharyngeal swabs, nasopharyngeal swabs, and sputum. In addition, no significant differences were observed in the salivary viral load of symptomatic and asymptomatic COVID-19 patients. We conclude that saliva specimen can be used as an alternative for SARS-CoV-2 detection in oropharyngeal swabs, nasopharyngeal swabs, and sputum.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2023 ","pages":"5807370"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10435302/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10049499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Sensitive Method for Detecting <i>Beauveria bassiana</i>, an Insecticidal Biocontrol Agent, Population Dynamics, and Stability in Different Substrates.","authors":"Zepei Gu,&nbsp;Lijie Chen,&nbsp;Weixing Zhang,&nbsp;Pin Su,&nbsp;Deyong Zhang,&nbsp;Xiaohua Du,&nbsp;Qianze Peng,&nbsp;Zhuoxin Liu,&nbsp;Xiaolan Liao,&nbsp;Yong Liu","doi":"10.1155/2023/9933783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9933783","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Beauveria bassiana</i> is a well-known insecticidal biocontrol agent. Despite its broad field applications, its survival, colonization, and stability under field conditions remained unclear, mainly due to the lack of a quick and reliable detection method. In this study, we developed a quantitative real-time PCR technology to monitor the stability and population dynamics of <i>B. bassiana</i> in different substrates (water, soil, and on the cotton leaves surface), different spores of <i>B. bassiana</i> applied on Chinese cabbage leaves surface, and the lethality of <i>Pieris rapae</i> spraying with different spores of <i>B. bassiana</i>. Our results showed a decreased concentration of <i>B. bassiana</i> DNA in all three substrates from the 1^st day till 9^th day of post inoculation (dpi) period, possibly due to the death of <i>B. bassiana</i>. After this decrease, a quick and significant rebound of <i>B. bassiana</i> DNA concentration was observed, starting from the 11^th dpi in all three substrates. The <i>B. bassiana</i> DNA concentration reached the plateau at about 13^th dpi in water and 17^th dpi in the soil. On cotton leaves surface, the <i>B. bassiana</i> DNA concentration reached the highest level at the 17^th dpi followed by a small decline and then stabilized. This increase of DNA concentration suggested recovery of <i>B. bassiana</i> growth in all three substrates. We found that the most suitable killing effectiveness of <i>P. rapae</i> was the 1.0 × 10⁷ spores/mL of <i>B. bassiana.</i> In summary, we have established a detection technology that allows a fast and reliable monitoring for the concentration and stability of <i>B. bassiana</i> under different conditions. This technology can benefit and help us in the development of proper management strategies for the application of this biocontrol agent in the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2023 ","pages":"9933783"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10473894/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10151877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-COVID-19 Vaccination CNS Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Sadegh Ghaderi,&nbsp;Sana Mohammadi,&nbsp;Mehrsa Heidari,&nbsp;Seyedeh Shadi Sharif Jalali,&nbsp;Mahdi Mohammadi","doi":"10.1155/2023/1570830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/1570830","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This systematic review aims to synthesize and analyze the available literature on central nervous system (CNS) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in individuals who have received COVID-19 vaccinations. Our objective is to enhance understanding of potential neurological side effects, inform clinical practice, and guide future research on the neurological implications of COVID-19 vaccination.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this systematic review, we conducted a comprehensive search in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science from January 2020 to April 2023, using terms related to COVID-19 vaccination and CNS MRI findings. We evaluated the quality of the study, extracted relevant data, and included 89 eligible studies that covered various vaccines, demographics of patients, symptoms, and MRI findings to provide a thorough understanding of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination-related CNS problems.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We investigated CNS MRI findings following COVID-19 vaccination across various vaccine types. Common diseases associated with post-vaccination CNS MRI findings included cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST), vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT), acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), acute myelitis, autoimmune encephalitis (AE), and others. Patients presented with diverse onset symptoms and neurological manifestations. Abnormalities identified in CNS MRI findings included white matter (WM) hyperintensity. Our analysis offers a comprehensive overview of the current literature on post-vaccination CNS MRI findings. <i>Discussion</i>. We highlight a range of post-COVID-19 vaccination CNS MRI findings, including CVST, with a higher incidence in individuals receiving the ChAdOx1 (AstraZeneca) vaccine. Other notable observations include cases of ADEM, myelitis or transverse myelitis (TM), Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), and acute encephalopathy following COVID-19 vaccination. The incidence of these neurological complications is extremely rare, and the benefits of vaccination outweigh the risks. The reviewed studies were primarily case reports or case series, and thus large-scale epidemiological studies and controlled clinical trials are needed to better understand the underlying mechanisms and risk factors associated with these neurological complications following COVID-19 vaccination.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2023 ","pages":"1570830"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10325882/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9809162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatitis A: Viral Structure, Classification, Life Cycle, Clinical Symptoms, Diagnosis Error, and Vaccination.","authors":"Omid Gholizadeh,&nbsp;Sama Akbarzadeh,&nbsp;Mohamad Ghazanfari Hashemi,&nbsp;Marjan Gholami,&nbsp;Parya Amini,&nbsp;Zahra Yekanipour,&nbsp;Raheleh Tabatabaie,&nbsp;Saman Yasamineh,&nbsp;Parastoo Hosseini,&nbsp;Vahdat Poortahmasebi","doi":"10.1155/2023/4263309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/4263309","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is one of the well-known viruses that cause hepatitis all around the globe. Although this illness has decreased in developed countries due to extensive immunization, numerous developing and under-developed countries are struggling with this virus. HAV infection can be spread by oral-fecal contact, and there are frequent epidemics through nutrition. Improvements in socioeconomic and sanitary circumstances have caused a shift in the disease's prevalence worldwide. Younger children are usually asymptomatic, but as they become older, the infection symptoms begin to appear. Symptoms range from slight inflammation and jaundice to acute liver failure in older individuals. While an acute infection may be self-limiting, unrecognized persistent infections, and the misapplication of therapeutic methods based on clinical guidelines are linked to a higher incidence of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and mortality. Fortunately, most patients recover within two months of infection, though 10-15% of patients will relapse within the first six months. A virus seldom leads to persistent infection or liver damage. The mainstay of therapy is based on supportive care. All children from 12-23 months, as well as some susceptible populations, should receive routine vaccinations, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Academy of Pediatrics. Laboratory diagnosis of HAV is based on antigen detection, checking liver enzyme levels, and antibody screening. Furthermore, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology has identified HAV in suspected nutrition sources; therefore, this technique is used for preventative measures and food-related laws.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2023 ","pages":"4263309"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9833905/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9099847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrospective Cohort Analysis of Outpatient Antibiotic Use for <i>Clostridioides difficile</i>-Indicated Agents in British Columbia, from 2000 to 2018.","authors":"Ariana Saatchi,&nbsp;Sungeun Kim,&nbsp;Fawziah Marra","doi":"10.1155/2023/9465158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9465158","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Clostridioides difficile</i> (CDI) is the most common cause of nosocomial diarrheal infections. Historically, metronidazole was the first-line treatment, but guidelines now indicate oral vancomycin and fidaxomicin as primary antibiotics for initial episodes. A provincial stewardship program has operated in British Columbia (BC), since 2005. Since the program's inception, surveillance of antibiotic use has been ongoing. However, this is the first study to review community-acquired CDI-indicated antibiotic use. Moreover, this study offers the first interpretation of fidaxomicin use in BC since its addition to the provincial formulary.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort analysis included all outpatient dispensations for CDI-related antibiotics from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2018. Antibiotic dispensations were extracted for metronidazole, vancomycin, and fidaxomicin. Consumption rates were calculated as prescriptions per 1000 population. Rates were examined overall and then stratified by medication, age, and sex. Secondary outcomes of interest included an examination of adherence to provincial special authority criteria; and proportions of outpatient antibiotic use attributable to administrative health records for CDI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average annual rate of prescribing was 18.5 per 1000 population for all CDI-indicated antibiotics. The rate of prescribing increased (15%) over the 19-year study period, from 17.2 to 19.8 dispensations per 1000 population. Metronidazole accounted for the most antibiotics dispensed in every study year; however, by 2018 it demonstrated the most modest increase in use (15%). In comparison, fidaxomicin increased by 226% by 2018. Vancomycin had the highest percentage increase (621%), with the greatest change occurring from 2014 to 2015, correlating to the dissemination of new clinical practice guidelines.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This is the first study to evaluate outpatient prescribing for CDI-indicated antibiotics, and one of the few studies to examine fidaxomicin since its introduction to Canadian formularies. Although causation cannot be inferred from study results, oral vancomycin, and fidaxomicin use has increased in line with, or in advance-of guidelines.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2023 ","pages":"9465158"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9937755/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9314925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Limitations of Serological Diagnosis of Typical Cat Scratch Disease and Recommendations for the Diagnostic Procedure.","authors":"Myrto Koutantou,&nbsp;Konstantinos Kambas,&nbsp;Sofia Makka,&nbsp;Pierre-Edouard Fournier,&nbsp;Didier Raoult,&nbsp;Emmanouil Angelakis","doi":"10.1155/2023/4222511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/4222511","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cat scratch disease (CSD) is the most common cause of bacterial infectious lymphadenopathy, especially in children, but its diagnosis still remains challenging. Serological assays are widely applied due to their simplicity and the non-invasive sampling. However, these techniques present several limitations, including not well-defined antigen preparation, assay conditions and cutoff titers, severe cross-reactions with other species and organisms, and the notably ranging seroprevalence in the normal population. The objective of this study is to review the literature in order to determine the best diagnostic procedure for the diagnosis of CSD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Databases including PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, and Google were searched to determine the best diagnostic procedure for the diagnosis of CSD. A total of 437 papers were identified and screened, and after exclusion of papers that did not fulfill the including criteria, 63 papers were used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>It was revealed that sensitivities of serological assays varied from 10% to 100%. Indeed, more than half of the studies reported a sensitivity lower than 70%, while 71% of them had a sensitivity lower than 80%. Moreover, specificities of serological assays ranged from 15% to 100%, with 25 assays reporting a specificity lower than 90%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It is considered that molecular assays should be the gold standard technique for CSD confirmation, and physicians are reinforced to proceed to lymph node biopsy in suspicious CSD cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2023 ","pages":"4222511"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10008113/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9106571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Surveillance Inspections in Reducing False-Positives of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variants during the COVID-19 Epidemic.","authors":"Li-Li Liu,&nbsp;Yu-Hong Zheng,&nbsp;You-Quan Zhang,&nbsp;Jin-Piao Lin,&nbsp;Zhi-Lin Luo,&nbsp;Liu-Min Yu,&nbsp;Shi-Hua Gao,&nbsp;Falin Chen","doi":"10.1155/2023/8508975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8508975","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to assess the effectiveness of surveillance inspections conducted by the provincial health committee in Quanzhou city during a COVID-19 outbreak in reducing false-positive results in SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR assays.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The team conducted on-site inspections of laboratories that participated in mass screening, recording any violations of rules.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The positive cases in five rounds of mass screening were 23, 173, and 4 in Licheng District, Fengze District, and Luojang District, respectively. The false-positive rates in the five rounds of mass screening were 0.0099%, 0.0063%, 0.0018%, 0.0006%, and 0%, respectively. The study also recorded that the number of violations in the seven selected laboratories was 36, 68, 69, 42, 60, 54 and 47. The corresponding false-positive rates were 0.0012%, 0.0060%, 0.0082%, 0.0032%, 0.0060%, 0.0027%, and 0.0021%, respectively. The study found a positive correlation between false-positive rates and the number of violations (<i>r</i> = 0.905, <i>P</i>=0.005), and an inverse correlation between false-positive rates and the frequency of surveillance inspections (<i>r</i> = -0.950, <i>P</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Daily surveillance inspection in laboratories can remind laboratories to strictly comply with standard procedures, focus on laboratory quality control, and reduce the occurrence of false-positive cases in SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid tests to some extent. This study recommends that government decision-making departments establish policies and arrange experts to conduct daily surveillance inspections to improve laboratory quality control.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2023 ","pages":"8508975"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10132893/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9386550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influence of Outer Membrane Protein on Ampicillin Resistance of <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i>.","authors":"Xiangyu Meng,&nbsp;Danyang Huang,&nbsp;Qing Zhou,&nbsp;Fan Ji,&nbsp;Xin Tan,&nbsp;Jianli Wang,&nbsp;Xiaoyuan Wang","doi":"10.1155/2023/8079091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8079091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The antibiotic resistance of the food-borne pathogen <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i> has attracted researchers' attention in recent years, but its molecular mechanism remains poorly understood. In this study, 7 genes encoding outer membrane proteins (OMPs) were individually deleted in <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> ATCC33846, and the resistance of these 7 mutants to 14 antibiotics was investigated. The results revealed that the resistance of the 7 mutants to ampicillin was significantly increased. Further exploration of 20-gene transcription changes by real time-qPCR (RT-qPCR) demonstrated that the higher ampicillin resistance might be attributed to the expression of <i>β</i>-lactamase and reduced peptidoglycan (PG) synthesis activity through reduced transcription of penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), increased transcription of l,d-transpeptidases, downregulated d,d-carboxypeptidase, and alanine deficiency. This study provides a new perspective on ampicillin resistance in OMP mutants with respect to PG synthesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2023 ","pages":"8079091"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9859689/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10598392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacterial Colonization in the Airways and Intestines of Twin and Singleton Preterm Neonates: A Single-Center Study.","authors":"Jiawei Yao,&nbsp;Tao Ai,&nbsp;Lei Zhang,&nbsp;Wei Tang,&nbsp;Zijin Chen,&nbsp;Yuedong Huang,&nbsp;Yinghong Fan","doi":"10.1155/2023/2973605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/2973605","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Limited studies have investigated the microbial colonization of the airways and intestines in preterm neonates. We studied the composition of intestinal and airway bacterial colonies in several preterm twin pairs and singletons to explore the dominant bacteria, assess their variability, and predict their phenotypic and metabolic functions. In this descriptive study, we collected sputum and fetal stool specimens from 10 twin pairs (20 cases) and 20 singleton preterm neonates. These specimens were analyzed using 16S rRNA deep sequencing to study the alpha and beta diversities and community structures of airway and intestinal bacteria and predict their metabolic functions. Specimens from twins and singleton neonates had distinct aggregations of intestinal and airway bacteria but showed similarities and high microbial diversities during initial colonization. The top five phyla were Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteriota, Bacteroidota, and Cyanobacteria. The top ten genera were <i>Streptococcus</i>, <i>Acinetobacter</i>, <i>Ralstonia</i>, <i>Staphylococcus</i>, <i>Comamonas</i>, <i>Enterococcus</i>, <i>Stenotrophomonas</i>, <i>Dechlorosoma</i>, <i>Sphingopyxis</i>, and <i>Rothia</i>. Potentially pathogenic and highly stress-tolerant Gram-negative bacteria were predominant in the intestinal flora. A considerable proportion of colonies recovered from the airway and intestines of preterm neonates were functional bacteria. The richness of the intestinal and airway flora was not significantly different between twins and singletons, and the flora clustered together. Both intestinal and airway bacteria of twins and singletons were similar. The species involved in initial colonization were similar but different in proportions; therefore, changes in microbial structure and richness may not be attributed to these species.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2023 ","pages":"2973605"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10409585/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9963593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}