Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"An Overview on Mitochondrial-Based Therapies in Sepsis-Related Myocardial Dysfunction: Mitochondrial Transplantation as a Promising Approach.","authors":"Behnaz Mokhtari,&nbsp;Rana Yavari,&nbsp;Reza Badalzadeh,&nbsp;Ata Mahmoodpoor","doi":"10.1155/2022/3277274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3277274","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sepsis is defined as a life-threatening organ failure due to dysregulated host response to infection. Despite current advances in our knowledge about sepsis, it is still considered as a major global health challenge. Myocardial dysfunction is a well-defined manifestation of sepsis which is related to worse outcomes in septic patients. Given that the heart is a mitochondria-rich organ and the normal function of mitochondria is essential for successful modulation of septic response, the contribution of mitochondrial damage in sepsis-related myocardial dysfunction has attracted the attention of many scientists. It is widely accepted that mitochondrial damage is involved in sepsis-related myocardial dysfunction; however, effective and potential treatment modalities in clinical setting are still lacking. Mitochondrial-based therapies are potential approaches in sepsis treatment. Although various therapeutic strategies have been used for mitochondrial function improvement, their effects are limited when mitochondria undergo irreversible alterations under septic challenge. Therefore, application of more effective approaches such as mitochondrial transplantation has been suggested. This review highlights the crucial role of mitochondrial damage in sepsis-related myocardial dysfunction, then provides an overview on mitochondrial-based therapies and current approaches to mitochondrial transplantation as a novel strategy, and proposes future directions for more researches in this field.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2022 ","pages":"3277274"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9192296/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10253712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Colistin Resistance and Management of Drug Resistant Infections.","authors":"Juhi Sharma,&nbsp;Divakar Sharma,&nbsp;Amit Singh,&nbsp;Kumari Sunita","doi":"10.1155/2022/4315030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/4315030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Colistin resistance is a globalized sensible issue because it has been considered a drug of the last-line resort to treat drug-resistant bacterial infections. The product of the mobilized colistin resistance (<i>mcr</i>) gene and its variants are the significant causes of colistin resistance, which is emerging due to the frequent colistin use in veterinary, and these genes circulate among the bacterial community. Apart from <i>mcr</i> genes, some other intrinsic genes and proteins are also involved in colistin resistance. Researchers focus on the most advanced genomics (whole genome sequencing), proteomics, and bioinformatics approaches to explore the question of colistin resistance. To combat colistin resistance, researchers developed various strategies such as the development of newer drugs, the repurposing of existing drugs, combinatorial treatment by colistin with other drugs, a nano-based approach, photodynamic therapy, a CRISPRi-based strategy, and a phage-based strategy. In this timeline review, we have discussed the development of colistin resistance and its management in developing countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2022 ","pages":"4315030"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9759378/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10268617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Comparison of Clinical Epidemiology of Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 during the Third and Fourth Waves of the Pandemic in Gorgan.","authors":"Samira Eshghinia,&nbsp;Rahmat Allah Sharifi Far,&nbsp;Naghimeh Hajimoradloo,&nbsp;Ali Sinesepehr,&nbsp;Ahmad Sohrsbi,&nbsp;Mousa Imeri,&nbsp;Amir Reza Khodanazar Kalti,&nbsp;Erfan Rezaie Shirazi,&nbsp;Roghieh Golsha","doi":"10.1155/2022/9634241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9634241","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>COVID-19 has turned into a global public health crisis. This study intended to compare demographic characteristics, disease severity, treatment methods, and clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 during the third and fourth waves of the pandemic in Golestan Province, Iran.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, the clinical epidemiology of all COVID-19 patients, who were hospitalized in two educational hospitals in Golestan Province for 30 days from the start of the third and fourth waves of the coronavirus pandemic in 2021-2022, was assessed. Their electronic medical records were used to collect their epidemiological, demographic, laboratory, and clinical information and treatment outcome.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In all, 930 electronic medical records of the hospitalized patients (351 in the third wave and 579 in the fourth wave) were studied. In the third and fourth waves, 29.06% and 13.13% of the patients had severe COVID-19, respectively (<i>P</i> = 0.001). The number of deaths in the third wave was larger compared to the fourth wave (<i>P</i> = 0.015). The mean duration of hospitalization was longer in the third wave than in the fourth wave (<i>P</i> = 0.001). The drugs administered most in these two waves were remdesivir, dexamethasone, and heparin, and the patients who received these drugs were compared in the third and fourth waves (<i>P</i> = 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The reduced rate of mortality in the fourth wave was compared to the third wave. This reduction can be attributed to the change in the national strategy adopted in terms of hospitalization criteria and treatment protocols taking into account the acquired experience, earlier hospitalization, and start of drug therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2022 ","pages":"9634241"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9825220/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10865317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic Value of Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing for Pneumonia in Immunocompromised Patients.","authors":"Jun Li,&nbsp;Chao-E Zhou,&nbsp;Shan-Chen Wei,&nbsp;Li-Na Wang,&nbsp;Ming-Wei Shi,&nbsp;Chun-Ping Sun,&nbsp;Lian-Jun Lin,&nbsp;Xin-Min Liu","doi":"10.1155/2022/5884568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5884568","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The diagnosis of pulmonary infection and the identification of pathogens are still clinical challenges in immunocompromised patients. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) has emerged as a promising infection diagnostic technique. However, its diagnostic value in immunocompromised patients needs further exploration.</p><p><strong>Purposes: </strong>This study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of mNGS compared with comprehensive conventional pathogen tests (CTs) in the etiology of pneumonia in immunocompromised patients and immunocompetent patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively reviewed 53 patients who were diagnosed with pneumonia from May 2019 to June 2021. There were 32 immunocompromised patients and 21 immunocompetent patients with pneumonia who received both mNGS and CTs. The diagnostic performance was compared between mNGS and CTs in immunocompromised patients, using the composite diagnosis as the reference standard. And, the diagnostic value of mNGS for mixed infections was further analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to immunocompetent patients, the most commonly pathogens, followed by <i>Cytomegalovirus</i>, <i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i> and <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> in immunocompromised patients. Furthermore, more mixed infections were diagnosed, and bacterial-fungal-virus coinfection was the most frequent combination (43.8%). mNGS can detect more types of pathogenic microorganisms than CTs in both groups (78.1% vs. 62.5%, <i>P</i> = 0.016and 57.1% vs. 42.9%, <i>P</i> = 0.048). The overall diagnostic positive rate of mNGS for pathogens was higher in immunocompromised patients (<i>P</i> = 0.002). In immunocompromised patients, a comparable diagnostic accuracy of mNGS and CTs was found for bacterial, fungal, and viral infections and coinfection. mNGS had a much higher sensitivity for bacterial infections (92.9% vs. 50%, <i>P</i> < 0.001) and coinfections (68.8% vs. 48.3%, <i>P</i> < 0.05), and it had no significant advantage in the detection of fungal infections, mainly due to the high sensitivity for <i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i> in both groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>mNGS is more valuable in immunocompromised patients and exhibits apparent advantages in detecting bacterial and mixed infections. It may be an alternative or complementary diagnostic method for the diagnosis of complicated infections in immunocompromised patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2022 ","pages":"5884568"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9731749/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10333177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multidrug-Resistant <i>Escherichia coli</i> Causing Urinary Tract Infections among Controlled and Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetic Patients at Laquintinie Hospital in Douala, Cameroon.","authors":"Josiane Claire Sonkoue Lambou,&nbsp;Michel Noubom,&nbsp;Boris Emmanuel Djoumsie Gomseu,&nbsp;Wiliane Jean Takougoum Marbou,&nbsp;Jean-De-Dieu Tamokou,&nbsp;Donatien Gatsing","doi":"10.1155/2022/1250264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/1250264","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Urinary tract infections (UTIs) in patients with diabetes are a major public health problem worldwide, particularly in developing countries. This study assessed the resistance profile of <i>Escherichia coli</i> and biochemical abnormalities in controlled and uncontrolled type 2 diabetic patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Douala Laquintinie Hospital from January, 2020, to July, 2021, on the diabetic and nondiabetic participants. The clinical symptoms and biochemical parameters of patient having UTIs were measured using standard methods. <i>E. coli</i> was isolated from urine and an antibiotic susceptibility test was performed using the Kirby-Bauer Agar diffusion method. A total of 851 participants were included with a mean age of 48.54 years. Three hundred and forty-six (40.67%) were nondiabetic, 226 (26.56%) were diabetic patients with balanced blood sugar levels (i.e., glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) is normal), and 279 (32.78%) were diabetic patients with unbalanced blood sugar levels (i.e., patients having an abnormal HbA1c). The prevalence of UTI caused by <i>E. coli</i> was significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.001) higher in diabetics with unbalanced blood sugar levels (15.41%) and diabetics with balanced blood sugar levels (9.73%) compared to nondiabetics (0.87%). Significant (<i>p</i> < 0.001) high frequencies of polyuria (48.39%), proteinuria (29.75%), leukocyturia (27.96%), and polyphagia (8.24%) were observed in diabetic participants with unbalanced blood sugar levels. Significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.001) high average values of aspartate transaminase (25.34; 27.07; 29.93), alanine transaminase (26.08; 27.38; 28.20), creatininemia (8.15; 9.67; 11.31), total cholesterol (1.57; 1.83; 2.63), and atherogenic index (3.81; 6.56; 11.73) were noted in nondiabetics, balanced, and unbalanced blood glucose diabetics, respectively. <i>E. coli</i> showed a high level of resistance to ciprofloxacin (30%), amoxicillin (10.8%), and ofloxacin (9.3%) in diabetic participants with unbalanced blood sugar levels. The antibiotic resistance patterns of the <i>E. coli</i> to triple, quadruple, and quintuple antibiotics were higher when participants had diabetes and even more when diabetes was not controlled. The present findings underline an increased susceptibility of diabetic patients with unbalanced blood sugar levels to multidrug resistant <i>E. coli</i>. Further studies should be conducted to determine the causal association between uncontrolled diabetes and bacterial multidrug resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2022 ","pages":"1250264"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9825230/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10865316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enzymatic Activity and Horizontal Gene Transfer of Heavy Metals and Antibiotic Resistant <i>Proteus vulgaris</i> from Hospital Wastewater: An Insight.","authors":"Manzar Alam,&nbsp;Nilofer Bano,&nbsp;Tarun Kumar Upadhyay,&nbsp;Reem Binsuwaidan,&nbsp;Nawaf Alshammari,&nbsp;Amit Baran Sharangi,&nbsp;Radhey Shyam Kaushal,&nbsp;Mohd Saeed","doi":"10.1155/2022/3399137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3399137","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Globally, the issue of microbial resistance to medicines and heavy metals is getting worse. There are few reports or data available for <i>Proteus vulgaris</i> (<i>P. vulgaris</i>), particularly in India. This investigation intends to reveal the bacteria's ability to transmit genes and their level of resistance as well. The wastewater samples were taken from several hospitals in Lucknow City, India, and examined for the presence of Gram-negative bacteria that were resistant to antibiotics and heavy metals. The microbial population count in different hospital wastewaters decreases with increasing concentrations of metal and antibiotics. Among all the examined metals, Ni and Zn had the highest viable counts, whereas Hg, Cd, and Co had the lowest viable counts. Penicillin, ampicillin, and amoxicillin, among the antibiotics, demonstrated higher viable counts, whereas tetracycline and erythromycin exhibited lower viable counts. The MIC values for the <i>P. vulgaris</i> isolates tested ranged from 50 to 16,00 <i>μ</i>g/ml for each metal tested. The multiple metal resistance (MMR) index, which ranged from 0.04 to 0.50, showed diverse heavy metal resistance patterns in all <i>P. vulgaris</i> isolates (in the case of 2-7 metals in various combinations). All of the tested isolates had methicillin resistance, whereas the least number of isolates had ofloxacin, gentamycin, or neomycin resistance. The <i>P. vulgaris</i> isolates displayed multidrug resistance patterns (2-12 drugs) in various antibiotic combinations. The MAR indexes were shown to be between (0.02-0.7). From the total isolates, 98%, 84%, and 80% had urease, gelatinase, and amylase activity, whereas 68% and 56% displayed protease and beta-lactamase activity. Plasmids were present in all the selected resistant isolates and varied in size from 42.5 to 57.0 kb and molecular weight from 27.2 to 37.0 MD. The transmission of the antibiotic/metal resistance genes was evaluated between a total of 7 pairs of isolates. A higher transfer frequency (4.4 × 10^-1) was observed among antibiotics, although a lower transfer frequency (1.0 × 10^-2) was observed against metals in both the media from the entire site tested. According to exponential decay, the population of hospital wastewater declined in the following order across all sites: Site II > Site IV > Site III > Site I for antibiotics and site IV > site II > site I >site III for metal. Different metal and antibiotic concentrations have varying effects on the population. The metal-tolerant <i>P. vulgaris</i> from hospital wastewater was studied in the current study had multiple distinct patterns of antibiotic resistance. It could provide cutting-edge methods for treating infectious diseases, which are essential for managing and assessing the risks associated with hospital wastewater, especially in the case of <i>P. vulgaris</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2022 ","pages":"3399137"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9747306/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10362834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Epidemiology of Carbapenem-Resistant <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> in a Tertiary Hospital in Northern China.","authors":"Shuqing Wang,&nbsp;Huanhuan Dong,&nbsp;Meiqi Wang,&nbsp;Wenbo Ma,&nbsp;Yue Cheng,&nbsp;Junliang Zhou,&nbsp;Yongming Cheng,&nbsp;Hui Xu,&nbsp;Xiaochen Yu","doi":"10.1155/2022/2615753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2615753","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In recent years, carbapenem-resistant <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (CRKP) has emerged rapidly in China with the abuse and overuse of antibiotics, and infections caused by CRKP pose a serious threat to global public health safety. The present study aimed to explore the epidemiological characteristics of CRKP isolates in Northern China and to elucidate their drug resistance mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>45 CRKP strains were consecutively collected at a teaching hospital from March 1st, 2018 to June 30th, 2018. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by the VITEK2 compact system and microbroth dilution method. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing were used to analyze multilocus sequence typing (MLST), drug resistance determinants, and plasmid types. The transfer of resistance genes was determined by conjugation. All statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 22.0 software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All 45 isolates showed multidrug resistance (MDR). MLST analysis showed ST11 (48.9%, 22/45) was the most frequent type. All of the 45 CRKP isolates contained carbapenemase genes, extended-spectrum <i>β</i>-lactamase (ESBL) genes, and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes. For carbapenemase genes, KPC-2 (93.3%, 42/45) was the main genotype, and followed by GES (37.8%, 17/45) and NDM-1 (11.1%, 5/45). Plasmid typing analysis showed that IncFII and IncFIB were the most prevalent plasmids. The carbapenem resistance rate of <i>K.pneumoniae</i> was 11.4% and ICU was the main CRKP infection source.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ST11 is the most frequent sequence type and KPC-2 is the predominant carbapenemase of CRKP strains in Northern China. KPC-2-ST11 are representative clonal lineages.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2022 ","pages":"2615753"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9741528/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10330806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blood Flukes and Arterial Damage: A Review of Aneurysm Cases in Patients with Schistosomiasis.","authors":"Valeria Silvestri,&nbsp;Vivian Mushi,&nbsp;Mwanahawa Idavas Mshana,&nbsp;Witness M Bonaventura,&nbsp;Nyanda C Justine,&nbsp;Deodatus Sabas,&nbsp;Billy Ngasala","doi":"10.1155/2022/6483819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/6483819","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Schistosomiasis, caused by trematode worms of the genus <i>Schistosoma</i>, has organ-specific morbidity due to host's inflammatory response to the oviposition of parasite eggs in vessels and organs. Damage to the cardiovascular system, including aneurysms, has been described in patients. <i>Aims and Methods</i>. Aims of the review of case reports and series published in literature were to describe the occurrence of aneurysm in patients with schistosomiasis. <i>Investigation Outcomes</i>. A total of 13 cases (seven males and six females) with a mean age of 41.3 ± 14.9 years were included. Aneurysm occurred in patients with active or previous infection. In more than half of the cases, an intestinal or hepato-splenic involvement was reported, followed by pulmonary schistosomiasis and urinary or testicular involvement. The most frequently involved arterial district was the pulmonary artery. Immunomodulation and thrombophilia were featuring challenging surgery.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>More studies are needed to shed light on the vascular complications of schistosomiasis, to ascertain the true burden of aneurysms in patients with schistosomiasis, to establish the pathophysiology of vessel damage and aneurysm formation, and to assess if there is an association between schistosomiasis and aneurysm formation in line with WHO 2021-2030 NTD Roadmap.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2022 ","pages":"6483819"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9741531/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10338740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Characteristics, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Outcomes of Patients with Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China, 2013-2021.","authors":"Jia Tao,&nbsp;Wen Wang,&nbsp;Gang Li,&nbsp;Linlin Wang,&nbsp;Liang Wang,&nbsp;Zhijun Zhao,&nbsp;Wei Jia,&nbsp;Liru Wang","doi":"10.1155/2022/1262884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/1262884","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to analyze the clinical features, antibiotic susceptibility profiles, and outcomes of patients with invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) at a hospital in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, to provide the basis for improving the clinical treatment effect.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients with IPD were retrospectively collected from 2013 to 2021. Clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, antimicrobial susceptibility, antibiotic treatment, and outcomes of the disease were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, we identified 127 IPD cases, of whom 49 (38.6%) had meningitis and 78 (61.4%) had bacteremia. The median ages of pediatric cases and adult cases were 2 years (IQR: 0-5) and 52.5 years (IQR: 35-62), respectively. There were 27 and 45 males in the pediatric and adult groups, and no significant gender difference in the different age groups (<i>p</i> = 0.584) was found. Of 75 cases with underlying diseases, pneumonia (11%), malignancy (11%), hypertension (9.4%), and hepatic cirrhosis (7.9%) were the most common. The incidence of underlying diseases was even higher in the adult group (67.1%) than in the pediatric group (47.1%) (<i>p</i> = 0.028). The frequency of fever, cough, and seizures was significantly higher in the pediatric group than in the adult group, with <i>p</i>-values of 0.004, 0.004, and 0.001, respectively. The percentage of neutrophils in the blood was significantly higher in the adult cases than in the pediatric cases (<i>p</i>  <  0.001). Furthermore, there was a significantly higher WBC count (<i>p</i>  <  0.001), percentage of neutrophils (<i>p</i> = 0.012), and protein level (<i>p</i> = 0.019) in the CSF samples in the adult patients compared to pediatric patients. The susceptibility rates of <i>S. pneumoniae</i> isolates to vancomycin, linezolid, and levofloxacin were 100%. The susceptibility rates of penicillin were 98.7% and 34.1% in bacteremia and meningitis patients, respectively. Most isolates were resistant to erythromycin, clindamycin, tetracycline, and azithromycin. The most common antibiotic treatment was <i>β</i>-lactams. Seven (5.5%) patients died during hospitalization, and 38 (29.9%) patients' health deteriorated.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results may provide a reference basis for the diagnosis and empiric treatment of IPD in the region.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2022 ","pages":"1262884"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9763006/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10418942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attitudes of Healthcare Workers about Prevention and Control of Nosocomial Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Infection in Two Top-Ranked Tuberculosis Specialized Public Hospitals of Ethiopia.","authors":"Taye Kebede,&nbsp;Million Molla Sisay","doi":"10.1155/2022/5266347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5266347","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tuberculosis (TB) exists as a human curse since antiquity. Around 9.5 million cases and 1.5 million deaths were reported due to TB in 2021. Ethiopia is one of the high-burdenmultidrug-resistant (MDR) TB countries. MDR-TB is acquired either by poor adherence to treatment or by primary infection with a drug-resistant strain, which has a high transmission rate from patients to healthcare workers (HCWs). Hospital outbreaks of MDR-TB are common in Africa. Hence, this study aimed to score the attitude of HCWs working in the two nationally top-rankedTB-specialized hospitals in Ethiopia, Saint Peter's and ALERT TB-specialized public hospitals about the infection prevention and control (IPC) of nosocomial MDR-TB.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 1, 2020, to March 31, 2021. A simple random sampling method was applied to select 384 HCWs. The data collection tool was a self-administered interview structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS software. Descriptive statistics were applied to score attitude. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models were performed to identify the independent determinants of attitude. The odds ratio was used to test the degree of association between variables at a 95% confidence interval (CI). The level of statistical significance was fixed at <i>p</i> value < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the respondents, 87% of the HCWs held favourable attitudes about the nosocomial MDR-TB-IPC. The favourable attitude score had a significant association with the monthly salary earned between 7001 and 9000 ETB (Ethiopian Birr) (AOR = 3.34, 95% CI: 1.11, 10.05) and the previous training obtained on TB/MDR-TB (AOR = 2.96, 95% CI: 1.32, 6.62).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Almost one in seven HCWs has an unfavourable attitude. Prior training received and earning monthly income above 7000 ETB are independent determinants of a favourable attitude score. Refreshment training and a reasonable increment in monthly income should be strengthened in TB-specialized hospitals in Ethiopia.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2022 ","pages":"5266347"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9771643/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10430243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}