Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Antimicrobial Resistance of <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> from Animal Foods to First- and Second-Line Drugs in the Treatment of Listeriosis from 2008 to 2021: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Jaqueline Oliveira Dos Reis,&nbsp;Bruno Serpa Vieira,&nbsp;Adelino Cunha Neto,&nbsp;Vinicius Silva Castro,&nbsp;Eduardo Eustáquio de Souza Figueiredo","doi":"10.1155/2022/1351983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/1351983","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>First-line drugs for the treatment of listeriosis are the same around the world, but particular conditions might reduce their efficacy, including antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, this study aimed to verify, based on a systematic review and meta-analysis, whether the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> from animal foods is higher for first- or second-line antimicrobials. From the total of 302 identified studies, 16 met all the eligibility criteria from 2008 to 2021 and were included in this meta-analysis. They comprised a dataset of 1152 <i>L. monocytogenes</i> isolates, obtained from different animal food products, food processing environment, and live animals. The included studies were developed in South America (<i>n</i> = 5), Europe (<i>n</i> = 4), Asia (<i>n</i> = 3), Africa (<i>n</i> = 2), and North America (<i>n</i> = 2), testing a total of 35 different antimicrobials, 11 of them classified as first-line drugs. Complete lack of antimicrobial resistance across the studies (all <i>L. monocytogenes</i> isolates tested as susceptible) was only observed for linezolid, while widespread antimicrobial resistance (all <i>L. monocytogenes</i> isolates tested resistant) was described for amoxicillin, benzylpenicillin, cefoxitin, fusidic acid, imipenem, sulfamethoxazole, and vancomycin. Overall, the meta-analysis results indicated no evidence that antimicrobial resistance in <i>L. monocytogenes</i> isolated from animal-based food is higher for first-line antimicrobials compared to second-line compounds (<i>p</i>=0.37). A greater volume of publication, together with better characterization of the isolates, is still needed for a more precise estimate of the real prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in <i>L. monocytogenes</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9568363/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33518381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Assessment of Domain I of Apical Membrane Antigen I Gene in <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>: Implications in <i>Plasmodium</i> Invasion, Taxonomy, Vaccine Development, and Drug Discovery.","authors":"Che Roland Achungu,&nbsp;Damian Nota Anong,&nbsp;Robert Adamu Shey,&nbsp;Cevie Jesenta Tabe","doi":"10.1155/2022/1419998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/1419998","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Given its global morbidity and mortality rates, malaria continues to be a major public health concern. Despite significant progress in the fight against malaria, efforts to control and eradicate the disease globally are in jeopardy due to lack of a universal vaccine. The conserved short peptide sequences found in Domain I of <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> apical membrane antigen 1 (PfAMA1), which are exposed on the parasite cell surface and in charge of <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> invasion of host cells, make PfAMA1 a promising vaccine candidate antigen. The precise amino acids that make up these conserved short peptides are still unknown, and it is still difficult to pinpoint the molecular processes by which PfAMA1 interacts with the human host cell during invasion. The creation of a universal malaria vaccine based on the AMA1 antigen is challenging due to these knowledge limitations. This study used genome mining techniques to look for these particular short peptides in PfAMA1. Thirty individuals with <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> malaria had blood samples taken using Whatman's filter papers. DNA from the parasite was taken out using the Chelex technique. Domain I of the <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> AMA1 gene was amplified using nested polymerase chain reactions, and the amplified products were removed, purified, and sequenced. The DNA sequence generated was converted into the matching amino acid sequence using bioinformatic techniques. These amino acid sequences were utilized to search for antigenic epitopes, therapeutic targets, and conserved short peptides in Domain I of PfAMA1. The results of this investigation shed important light on the molecular mechanisms behind <i>Plasmodium</i> invasion of host cells, a potential PfAMA1 vaccine antigen sequence, and prospective malaria treatment options in the future. Our work offers fresh information on malaria medication and vaccine research that has not been previously discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9568357/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33518380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Performance of Rapid Antigen Tests for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in the Emergency Department and Community: A Retrospective Study.","authors":"Pei-Chin Lin,&nbsp;Hung-Pin Chiu,&nbsp;Fang-Yi Cheng,&nbsp;Chih-Chun Chang,&nbsp;Fang-Yeh Chu","doi":"10.1155/2022/9447251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9447251","url":null,"abstract":"Background Rapid antigen tests for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) detection have been authorized for emergency use (EUA); however, the performance has not been fully evaluated in clinical contexts. This study aimed to provide evidence regarding the diagnostic performance of SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen tests compared with the real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test in the emergency department (ED) and community. Methods Patients who underwent SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen tests using the VTRUST COVID-19 Antigen Rapid Test (TD-4531) and real-time RT-PCR on the same day in the ED or community from May 24, 2021, to June 24, 2021, were examined. Results Paired nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from 4022 suspected COVID-19 patients: 800 in the ED and 3222 in the community. Overall, 62 (1.54%) tested positive, 13 tested indeterminate, and 3947 tested negative by real-time RT-PCR. The sensitivity and specificity of the antigen test were 51.61% and 99.44% (overall), 62.50% and 99.61% (ED), and 31.82% and 99.40% (community), respectively. There were 30 false negatives and 22 false positives. Among the false negatives, 16.67% had a cycle threshold (Ct) value of <25. Conclusion The VTRUST COVID-19 Antigen Rapid Test showed comparable specificity as real-time RT-PCR for the ED and community, but the sensitivity was relatively low, especially when the Ct value was >25. This test can be useful for the rapid identification of infected subjects in an epidemic situation.","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9560843/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33518384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Influencing Survival Status of HIV/AIDS after HAART in Huzhou City, Eastern China.","authors":"Meihua Jin,&nbsp;Zhongrong Yang,&nbsp;Jing Li,&nbsp;Xiaoqi Liu,&nbsp;Zhenqian Wu","doi":"10.1155/2022/2787731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2787731","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) can effectively reduce the risk of death and opportunistic infections in patients with HIV/AIDS. The aim of this study was to analyse the survival status and its influencing factors in HIV/AIDS after HAART.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The data on patients' sociodemographic characteristics, treatment information, and follow-up results from the Information Management System of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention were obtained. Bivariate and stepwise multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model analyses were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1812 participants were included in this study, of which 1716 were still alive (survival group) and 96 had died (death group). The results indicated that respondents who were elderly (<i>HR</i> = 1.053, 95% <i>CI</i>: 1.037-1.069, <i>P</i> < 0.01), who had heterosexual transmission (<i>HR</i> = 2.422, 95% <i>CI</i>: 1.314-4.465, <i>P</i> < 0.01) and whose current WHO clinical stage was stage III or IV (<i>HR</i> = 2.399, 95% <i>CI</i>: 1.215-4.735, <i>P</i> < 0.05) were more likely to have died; respondents whose baseline CD4⁺ T-lymphocyte count was equal to or more than 200 cells/<i>μ</i>L (<i>HR</i> = 0.412, 95% <i>CI</i>: 0.275-0.616, <i>P</i> < 0.05) were unlikely to have died.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>It is recommended that HAART be provided to HIV/AIDS patients at an early clinical stage and that the health services for HIV/AIDS patients after taking medicines be strengthened, which will help promote adherence to therapeutic regimens and improve quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9560853/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33518383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating Antimicrobial Resistance and ESBL Producing Gene in <i>Klebsiella</i> Isolates among Neonates and Adolescents in Southern Bangladesh.","authors":"Afroza Akter Tanni,&nbsp;Nahid Sultana,&nbsp;Wazir Ahmed,&nbsp;Md Mahbub Hasan,&nbsp;Md Shakhawat Hossain,&nbsp;Sajjad Hossain Noyon,&nbsp;Md Mobarok Hossain,&nbsp;Adnan Mannan","doi":"10.1155/2022/7071009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/7071009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Multidrug-resistant (MDR) clones of <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (<i>Kpn</i>) have been increasingly documented in community-acquired and nosocomial infections all around the globe. Extended-spectrum <i>β</i>-lactamases (ESBLs) are a rapidly evolving group of <i>β</i>-lactamase enzymes derived from SHV genes by mutations. This research work aimed to investigate and analyze the widespread prevalence of <i>Kpn</i> antibiotic resistance in different areas of the southern part of Bangladesh.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This particular study was executed and implemented by using 501 clinical samples or isolates from two different hospitals in Chattogram. The disk diffusion method was used to detect <i>Kpn</i>'s sensitivity to 16 antibiotics in a drug susceptibility test. By using the PCR technique, the widespread prevalence of antibiotic-resistant gene bla_SHV-11 was studied. Sequencing along with phylogenetic analysis was utilized to verify isolates with the bla_SHV-11 gene.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Almost all of the <i>Kpn</i> isolates were spotted to be antibiotic-resistant. These <i>Kpn</i> isolates were resistant to <i>β</i>-lactams, aminoglycosides, and quinolones at high levels. The spatial analysis displayed that infections involving <i>Kpn</i> were more common in the urban areas (70%) than in the rural areas (30%). Neonates had substantially higher levels (<i>p</i> < 0.001) of resistance to multidrug than other age groups. Cefepime was identified as the most frequent antibiotic-resistant to all age groups (56.68%). The highest numbers of resistant isolates (36.92%) were found in urine samples. The ESBL gene bla_SHV-11 was found in 38% isolates.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The significant frequency of MDR <i>Kpn</i> harboring <i>β</i>-lactamases and AMR genes strongly suggests the requirement to develop effective antimicrobial resistance control and prevention measures in Bangladesh.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9553706/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33518385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiological Findings in SARS-CoV-2 Viral Pneumonia Compared to Other Viral Pneumonias: A Single-Centre Study.","authors":"Rana Günöz Cömert,&nbsp;Eda Cingöz,&nbsp;Sevim Meşe,&nbsp;Görkem Durak,&nbsp;Atadan Tunaci,&nbsp;Ali Ağaçfidan,&nbsp;Mustafa Önel,&nbsp;Şükrü Mehmet Ertürk","doi":"10.1155/2022/2826524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2826524","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Thorax computed tomography (CT) imaging is widely used as a diagnostic method in the diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related pneumonia. Radiological differential diagnosis and isolation of other viral agents causing pneumonia in patients have gained importance, particularly during the pandemic.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>We aimed to investigate whether there is a difference between CT images from patients with COVID-19-associated pneumonia compared to CT images of patients with pneumonia due to other viral agents and which finding may be more effective in diagnosis. <i>Study Design</i>. The study included 249 adult patients with pneumonia identified by thorax CT examination and with a positive COVID-19 RT-PCR test compared to 94 patients diagnosed with non-COVID-19 pneumonia (viral PCR positive but no bacterial or fungal agents detected in other cultures) between 2015 and 2019. CT images were retrospectively analyzed using the PACS system. CT findings were evaluated by two radiologists with 5 and 20 years of experience, in a blinded fashion, and the outcome was decided by consensus.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Demographic data (age, gender, and known chronic disease) and CT imaging findings (percentage of involvement, number of lesions, distribution preference, dominant pattern, ground-glass opacity distribution pattern, nodule, tree in bud sign, interstitial changes, crazy paving sign, reversed halo sign, vacuolar sign, halo sign, vascular enlargement, linear opacities, traction bronchiectasis, peribronchial wall thickness, air trapping, pleural retraction, pleural effusion, pericardial effusion, cavitation, mediastinal/hilar lymphadenopathy, dominant lesion size, consolidation, subpleural curvilinear opacities, air bronchogram, and pleural thickening) of the patients were evaluated. CT findings were also evaluated with the RSNA consensus guideline and the CORADS scoring system. Data were divided into two main groups-non-COVID-19 and COVID-19 pneumonia-and compared statistically with chi-squared tests and multiple regression analysis of independent variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>RSNA and CORADS classifications of CT scan images were able to successfully differentiate between positive and negative COVID-19 pneumonia patients. Statistically significant differences were found between the two patient groups in various categories including the percentage of involvement, number of lesions, distribution preference, dominant pattern, nodule, tree in bud, interstitial changes, crazy paving, reverse halo vascular enlargement, peribronchial wall thickness, air trapping, pleural retraction, pleural/pericardial effusion, cavitation, and mediastinal/hilar lymphadenopathy (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Multiple linear regression analysis of independent variables found a significant effect in reverse halo sign (<i>β</i> = 0.097, <i>p</i> < 0.05) and pleural effusion (<i>β</i> = 10.631, <i>p</i> < 0.05) on C","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9536981/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33497350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Drug Design for Treatment of COVID-19: A Systematic Review of Preclinical Studies.","authors":"Sarah Mousavi, Shima Zare, Mahmoud Mirzaei, Awat Feizi","doi":"10.1155/2022/2044282","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2022/2044282","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Since the beginning of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) disease outbreak, there has been an increasing interest in discovering potential therapeutic agents for this disease. In this regard, we conducted a systematic review through an overview of drug development (in silico, in vitro, and in vivo) for treating COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search was carried out in major databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE, and Google Scholar from December 2019 to March 2021. A combination of the following terms was used: coronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, drug design, drug development, In silico, In vitro, and In vivo. A narrative synthesis was performed as a qualitative method for the data synthesis of each outcome measure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 2168 articles were identified through searching databases. Finally, 315 studies (266 in silico, 34 in vitro, and 15 in vivo) were included. In studies with in silico approach, 98 article study repurposed drug and 91 studies evaluated herbal medicine on COVID-19. Among 260 drugs repurposed by the computational method, the best results were observed with saquinavir (<i>n</i> = 9), ritonavir (<i>n</i> = 8), and lopinavir (<i>n</i> = 6). Main protease (<i>n</i> = 154) following spike glycoprotein (<i>n</i> = 62) and other nonstructural protein of virus (<i>n</i> = 45) was among the most studied targets. Doxycycline, chlorpromazine, azithromycin, heparin, bepridil, and glycyrrhizic acid showed both in silico and in vitro inhibitory effects against SARS-CoV-2.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The preclinical studies of novel drug design for COVID-19 focused on main protease and spike glycoprotein as targets for antiviral development. From evaluated structures, saquinavir, ritonavir, eucalyptus, Tinospora cordifolia, aloe, green tea, curcumin, pyrazole, and triazole derivatives in in silico studies and doxycycline, chlorpromazine, and heparin from in vitro and human monoclonal antibodies from in vivo studies showed promised results regarding efficacy. It seems that due to the nature of COVID-19 disease, finding some drugs with multitarget antiviral actions and anti-inflammatory potential is valuable and some herbal medicines have this potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9527439/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33490862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Potential Protective Effects of <i>Lactobacillus</i> Strains against <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Infection: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial.","authors":"Shumin Wang,&nbsp;Meiyi Zhang,&nbsp;Leilei Yu,&nbsp;Fengwei Tian,&nbsp;Wenwei Lu,&nbsp;Gang Wang,&nbsp;Wei Chen,&nbsp;Jialin Wang,&nbsp;Qixiao Zhai","doi":"10.1155/2022/6432750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/6432750","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The beneficial effects of probiotic supplementation standard antibiotic therapies for <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> infection have been verified, but the ability of probiotic monotherapy to eradicate <i>H. pylori</i> remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To evaluate the accuracy and efficacy of specific <i>Lactobacillus</i> strains against <i>H. pylori</i> infection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seventy-eight patients with <i>H. pylori</i> infection were treated with strain <i>L. crispatus</i> G14-5M (<i>L. crispatus</i> CCFM1118) or <i>L. helveticus</i> M2-09-R02-S146 (<i>L. helveticus</i> CCFM1121) or <i>L. plantarum</i> CCFM8610 at a dose of 2 g twice daily for one month. ¹⁴C-urea breath test, the gastrointestinal symptom rating scale, serum pepsinogen concentrations, and serum cytokine concentrations of patients were measured at baseline and end-of-trial to analyze the effect of the <i>Lactobacillus</i> strains in eradicating <i>H. pylori</i> infection and reducing gastrointestinal discomfort in patients. In addition, the composition and abundance of the intestinal microbiota of patients were also measured at end-of-trial.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The ¹⁴C-urea breath test value of the three <i>Lactobacillus</i> treatment groups had decreased significantly, and the eradication rate of <i>H. pylori</i> had increased by the end of the trial. In particular, the eradication rate in the G14-5M treatment group was significantly higher than the placebo group (70.59% vs. 15.38%, <i>P</i>=0.0039), indicating that one-month administration of the G14-5M regimen was sufficient to eradicate <i>H. pylori</i> infection. The ingestion of <i>Lactobacillus</i> strains also ameliorated the gastrointestinal symptom rating scale scores, and the serum interleukin-8 concentrations of <i>H. pylori</i>-infected patients appeared to modulate the gut microbiota of patients. However, none of the <i>Lactobacillus</i> strains had a significant effect on general blood physiological characteristics, serum tumor necrosis factor <i>α</i> concentrations, or serum pepsinogen concentrations in the patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Three <i>Lactobacillus</i> strains significantly alleviate the gastrointestinal discomfort and the gastric inflammatory response of <i>H. pylori</i>-infected patients. The activity of probiotics in eradicating <i>H. pylori</i>infection may be species/strain specific.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9525740/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33487601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Associated Factors of <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> Colonization Rate among Old-Age Patients with Respiratory Tract Infection Attending Sheik Hassan Yebere Referral and Karamara General Hospitals, Jigjiga, Ethiopia.","authors":"Surafel Mekuria,&nbsp;Ayichew Seyoum,&nbsp;Zerihun Ataro,&nbsp;Tigist Abebe,&nbsp;Kedir Urgessa","doi":"10.1155/2022/9338251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9338251","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> is part of the normal flora of the upper respiratory tract of humans. Colonization of the upper respiratory tract (carriage of pneumococcus) by <i>S. pneumoniae</i> is considered a prerequisite for pneumococcal infection. It is the major cause of respiratory tract infection and frequent cause of physician visits, hospitalization, and death among old-aged patients because of their low immunity status. However, data on <i>S. pneumoniae</i> among old-aged patients in eastern Ethiopia are limited. This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and associated factor of <i>S. pneumoniae</i> colonization among old-aged patients.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A health facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 March to 15 April 2020, at Sheik Hassan Yebere Referral and Karamara General Hospitals, Jigjiga, eastern Ethiopia. A total of 188 individuals greater than or equal to 60 years suspected of both upper and lower respiratory tract infections were included. Sociodemographic, behavioral, living conditions, and clinical data were collected by trained data collectors. Sputum samples were collected and examined for <i>S. pneumoniae</i> using the culture and biochemical tests as per the standard procedures. The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The data were entered on Epi-data version 3.1, and frequencies, crude odds ratio, and adjusted odds ratio were analyzed using SPSS version 20.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of <i>S. pneumoniae</i> colonization rate among old-aged patients was 13.8% (26/188) (95% CI: 9.6-19.1). Smoking (AOR = 3.3; 95% CI: 1.3-8.3), upper airway problems (AOR = 4.1; 95% CI: 1.1-15), and asthma disease (AOR = 3.1; 95% CI: 1.1-8.9) were the factors associated with <i>S. pneumoniae</i> colonization. The isolated organisms showed high antimicrobial resistance to trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (<i>n</i> = 12, 46.2%), tetracycline (<i>n</i> = 11, 42.3%), and ampicillin (<i>n</i> = 9, 34.6%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study showed that high prevalence of <i>S. pneumoniae</i> and antimicrobial resistance for trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole, tetracycline, and ampicillin when compared to similar studies. Cigarette smoking, having upper airway problem, and asthma disease were factors associated with <i>S. pneumoniae</i> colonization. The provision of pneumococci conjugate vaccination and avoiding smoking are highly recommended for old aged in the community.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9525751/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33487183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Xiang Qin Kang Gan Granules Treated the Human Coronavirus 229E Induced Pneumonia with Damp-Heat Syndrome in Mice.","authors":"Fang Cao,&nbsp;Zhaoheng Liu,&nbsp;Qingxun Hao,&nbsp;Ronghua Zhao,&nbsp;Lei Bao,&nbsp;Xiaolan Cui,&nbsp;Yang Jiao","doi":"10.1155/2022/7609550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/7609550","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which causes severe respiratory illness, was first reported in Wuhan, China. The etiology of the disease is a new novel coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which was reported to share the same origin as SARS-CoV, causing severe public health events in 2002. Unlike the SARS-CoV, which was conquered in the early summer of 2003, this virus was still contagious widely and reached a pandemic level. It can still spread fast even if the season's temperature is raised. Here, we made a model of pneumonia of human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E) with damp-heat syndrome treated by Xiangqin Kanggan granules to find a new medicine for treating these kinds of infectious diseases coronaviruses induced.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9525736/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33487599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}