Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Antivirals in COVID-19: A Focus on Pediatric Cardiac Patients.","authors":"Dalia Safi, Farah Khouri, Rana Zareef, Mariam Arabi","doi":"10.1155/cjid/4573096","DOIUrl":"10.1155/cjid/4573096","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The COVID-19 pandemic created an unprecedented public health crisis, driven by its rapid global spread and the urgent need for worldwide collaborative interventions to contain it. This urgency spurred the search for therapeutic agents to prevent or manage the infection. Among these, various types of antivirals emerged as a prominent treatment option, supported by a wealth of observational studies and randomized controlled trials. The results from such studies conflict, with some concluding efficacy and others the lack thereof, with variability also occurring depending on the severity of COVID-19 in the studied population. In addition, many agents have been explored using randomized controlled trials-the gold standard in evaluating the efficacy of an intervention-to only a limited degree, with most of the evidence behind their use concluded using observational studies. Thus, the sheer volume of data has made it challenging to resolve inconsistencies and determine true efficacy. Furthermore, there is a paucity in the literature regarding the use of antivirals in the pediatric population infected with COVID-19, with their use being extrapolated from the results of studies done on adult patients. As such, additional trials are needed to solidify the effectiveness of antivirals in managing COVID-19, particularly in the underexplored and especially vulnerable pediatric cardiac patients. Therefore, utilizing the results from randomized controlled trials, this narrative review evaluates the rationale behind the use of antivirals, summarizes the findings from the literature, and concludes with a focused discussion on their application in pediatric cardiac patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"4573096"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11972864/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143804726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quercetin Exhibits Broad-Spectrum Antibiofilm and Antiquorum Sensing Activities Against Gram-Negative Bacteria: In Vitro and In Silico Investigation Targeting Antimicrobial Therapy.","authors":"Tanvi Shastri, Reem Binsuwaidan, Arif Jamal Siddiqui, Riadh Badraoui, Sadaf Jahan, Nawaf Alshammari, Mohd Adnan, Mitesh Patel","doi":"10.1155/cjid/2333207","DOIUrl":"10.1155/cjid/2333207","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Quercetin (QC), a flavonoid abundant in fruits and vegetables, has garnered attention for its potential therapeutic properties. In this study, we investigated the antibiofilm and antiquorum sensing (QS) activities of QC against Gram-negative bacteria both in vitro and in silico. The findings of this study demonstrate MIC values of 125 μg/mL for <i>Chromobacterium violaceum</i>, 250 μg/mL for <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, and 500 μg/mL for <i>Serratia marcescens</i>, indicating its antibacterial potential abilities. QS-mediated production of violacein and prodigiosin was significantly inhibited in a dose-dependent manner at sub-MIC concentrations. Additionally, a dose-dependent reduction in the virulence factors of <i>P. aeruginosa</i>, including production of pyocyanin, pyoverdine, and rhamnolipid, was noted with QC. Biofilm formation decreased by 66.40%, 59.28%, and 63.70% at the highest sub-MIC for <i>C. violaceum</i>, <i>P. aeruginosa</i>, and <i>S. marcescens</i>, respectively. Furthermore, swimming motility and exopolysaccharide (EPS) production were also reduced in the presence of QC. Additionally, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations elucidate the binding interactions between QC and key molecular targets (LasI, LasR, PilY1, LasA, PilT, CviR, CviR', PqsR, RhlR, and PigG) involved in biofilm formation and QS pathways. Our results indicated that the antibiofilm and anti-QS sensing activities of QC may be attributed to its ability to interfere with critical signaling molecules and regulatory proteins. Overall, this study highlights QC as a promising natural compound for combating biofilm-associated infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria. The multifaceted antimicrobial mechanisms of QC underscore its potential as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of biofilm-related infections, providing the way for further exploration, and development of QC-based strategies in antimicrobial therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"2333207"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11972862/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143804730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Antibiotic Resistance Profile of ESKAPE Pathogens in a Nepalese Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Ranjit Kumar Sah, Abhinav Bhattarai, Priyatam Khadka, Sangita Sharma, Shyam Kumar Mishra, Junu Richhinbung Rai, Shristi Raut","doi":"10.1155/cjid/4426596","DOIUrl":"10.1155/cjid/4426596","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Antimicrobial-resistant <i>Enterococcus faecium</i>, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, <i>and Enterobacter</i> (ESKAPE) species pathogens pose a threat to global health by limiting available treatments, escalating the burden of disease, and raising mortality rates. This study investigated the prevalence of ESKAPE pathogens in different infections in a Nepalese hospital and studied their antibiotic resistance pattern. <b>Methodology:</b> The study was performed from September 2022 to February 2023 at Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH), Kathmandu, Nepal. ESKAPE pathogens were isolated in accordance with standard procedures and subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST). Identification was done via biochemical testing. The rates of multidrug resistance (MDR), production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), and methicillin resistance were studied and statistically compared in terms of the type of pathogen, infection, and hospital admission. <b>Result:</b> Altogether, 7429 different clinical samples were cultured and ESKAPE pathogens were isolated from 503/1564 (32.1%) positive samples. The prevalence of these pathogens was significantly higher in admitted patients (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Higher rates of isolation were from urine and sputum samples. <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> was the most prevalent organism while <i>Enterobacter</i> was the least. A total of 52.3% and 7.4% of the isolates were MDR and ESBL producers, respectively. A significant proportion of MDR isolates were from patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). The prevalence of methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) was 36.8%. AST revealed comparatively lower resistance of Gram-negative rods to tigecycline, polymyxin B, and colistin sulfate. Likewise, lower resistance rates to vancomycin and teicoplanin were observed in <i>S. aureus.</i> <b>Conclusion:</b> In various clinical samples, we discovered that ESKAPE pathogens were more prevalent. In order to escape the ESKAPE's torment of antibiotic resistance, our findings urge the urgent implementation of sensible antibiotic use, training healthcare professionals in antibiotic stewardship, developing effective infection control strategies, and conducting effective surveillance.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"4426596"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11968158/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stability of Daptomycin in Dextrose and Icodextrin-Based Peritoneal Dialysis Solutions.","authors":"Kai Ming Chow, Siu Kwan Wo, Simon Wai Yin So, Phyllis Mei Shan Cheng, Keary Rui Zhou, Wai Li Lim, Joan Zhong Zuo, Philip Kam Tao Li","doi":"10.1155/cjid/5553355","DOIUrl":"10.1155/cjid/5553355","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> With emerging antibiotic resistance, many patients on peritoneal dialysis require newer antibiotic treatment such as daptomycin. Inadequate clinical information exists across different peritoneal dialysis solutions, including icodextrin, for the stability of intraperitoneal daptomycin. To guide the clinical practice of intraperitoneal daptomycin treatment, we need to establish the stability of daptomycin at dextrose concentration higher than 1.5% and icodextrin, as well as the duration of stability. <b>Methods:</b> We tested the stability of daptomycin in three types of peritoneal dialysis bags (UltraBag dextrose 2.5%, UltraBag icodextrin 7.5%, and Stay-Safe Balance 2.3%). Daptomycin was reconstituted with water for injection (50 mg/mL), followed by administration to peritoneal dialysis bags to obtain the final daptomycin concentrations of 70 μg/mL (equivalent to 140 mg/2L, the maintenance level) and 245 μg/mL (equivalent to 490 mg/2L, the loading level). The bags were then placed at ambient temperature (25°C) followed by withdrawing 5 mL samples at 0, 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 h for UltraBag dextrose 2.5% and UltraBag icodextrin 7.5% and 0, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h for Stay-Safe Balance 2.3%. The concentrations of daptomycin in the collected samples were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). <b>Results:</b> Under ambient condition, daptomycin was stable at maintenance level in UltraBag dextrose 2.5% for 48 h and in UltraBag icodextrin 7.5% or Stay-Safe Balance 2.3% for 24 h. For loading level, daptomycin was stable in UltraBag dextrose 2.5% and Stay-Safe Balance 2.3% for 12 h and in UltraBag icodextrin 7.5% for 48 h. <b>Conclusions:</b> Current stability results support and guide the use of intraperitoneal daptomycin in different dialysis solutions. Patients with peritonitis requiring icodextrin exchange and assisted preparation of daptomycin can benefit from nurses who provide daily home visit based on our stability results.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"5553355"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11968160/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Circulating Serotypes of Dengue in Bastar, Chhattisgarh: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Rani Soni, Dhananjay Tandon, Sahina Hassan, Debashish Samal, Divakar Sharma","doi":"10.1155/cjid/7569212","DOIUrl":"10.1155/cjid/7569212","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The dengue virus is a significant re-emerging arbovirus drawing global public health concern. Urbanization, population growth, human mobility, water access, and storage practices contribute to its transmission. This hospital-based cross-sectional study is designed to determine dengue infection and prevalence in the district Bastar, Chhattisgarh. Blood samples were collected from the patients, and based on fever duration, they were tested for nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) antigen and immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody detection. NS1 positive cases were further tested by RT-PCR for serotyping. Among the 2223 collected samples, 2041 were screened for NS1 and 182 for IgM; among them, the positivity was 55 (2.70%) in NS1 and 23 (12.63%) in IgM, respectively. Overall positivity of the dengue cases was 78 (3.51%); however, sex-wise, male and female, dengue positive cases were 45 and 33, respectively. NS1 was positive in 55 cases (70.51%), and IgM in 23 (29.49%) patients. Among these 78 cases, 4 NS1 and 2 IgM cases have shown symptoms of warning signs, while the rest of the cases have shown nonwarning symptoms. Among the 55 NS1 positive cases, the age group (21-60 years) was most affected by 45 (81.81%) DENV cases and the prevalent serotype was DENV-2 in singly and DENV-1 and DENV-2 in combination. The study's serotyping data might signify the early detection and identification of circulating serotypes, which provides valuable insights to clinicians for managing dengue infections. Hence, continuous epidemiological surveillance of DENV in the area is essential to anticipate future heterologous infections and their impact on healthcare. Early detection and vigilant monitoring of patients are crucial for identifying the circulating serotypes of dengue virus, facilitating subsequent epidemiological studies and disease control strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"7569212"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11928215/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143694038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence of Brucella Infection and Its Determinants Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care in Burao City: At the Human Livestock Interface in Northeast Somaliland, Somalia.","authors":"Dek Kahin Yosef, Ahmed Saeed Ismail","doi":"10.1155/cjid/9922642","DOIUrl":"10.1155/cjid/9922642","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Brucellosis typically spreads from animals to humans through contact with infected animals or their byproducts. This zoonotic disease can have serious consequences and is often caused by contact with infected livestock or their products, such as contaminated dairy, posing significant risks during pregnancy. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of Brucella infection among pregnant women residing in the Burao City area of northeast Somaliland, in environments where human-animal interaction is a frequent occurrence. Therefore, it is important to identify the factors that contribute to its occurrence. <b>Methods:</b> From January to June 2024, this cross-sectional study was conducted at five healthcare facilities that provide antenatal care. Pregnant women who attended these facilities were invited to participate in this study. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on sociodemographic background, obstetric history, behaviors, and practices related to brucellosis. The presence of Brucella antibodies in the serum was detected using the Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT), and positive samples underwent further analysis with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) to distinguish between IgG and IgM antibodies. Bivariate analysis was conducted to identify variables associated with Brucella seropositivity, whereas multivariable logistic regression was used to determine independent factors linked to Brucella seropositivity after adjusting for other variables. <b>Results:</b> A total of 216 participants were included in the study. The overall prevalence of Brucella infection, determined using the RBPT, was 25.93% (56 out of 216). Among those who tested positive, 61.14% (34 out of 56) had IgG antibodies and 21.42% (12 out of 56) had IgM antibodies against Brucella, as confirmed by ELISA, and IgM ELISA testing revealed 5.6% of pregnant women had recent Brucella infections. Brucella seropositivity was found to be less likely for individuals who frequently interacted with manure, as indicated by an adjusted odds ratio of 0.052 and a 95% confidence interval of 0.016-0.169. Consumption of raw animal milk (AOR 4.84, 95% CI 2.24-10.42), and involvement in assisting animals during childbirth (AOR 4.26, 95% CI 1.065-17.0) significantly increased the risk of Brucella seropositivity. <b>Conclusion:</b> Brucellosis poses a considerable public health threat to pregnant women residing in areas with frequent human-animal interactions. Factors such as the consumption of raw animal products, intimate contact with animals, and involvement in assisting with animal birth escalate this risk. These findings emphasize the importance of implementing strategies aimed at reducing exposure and enhancing the timely detection of brucellosis among pregnant women.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"9922642"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11879568/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143558729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Prospective Clinical Study on Postoperative Complications of Prostate Biopsy Following COVID-19 Infection at a Tertiary Hospital in Taizhou, China.","authors":"Dong-Sheng Zhang, Yu-Yi Chen, Jia-Jia Zhu, Rong Wang, Liang-Xue Sun","doi":"10.1155/cjid/6451174","DOIUrl":"10.1155/cjid/6451174","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Postoperative complications in individuals with a prior history of COVID-19 infection have been insufficiently investigated. This study is conducted to explore the postoperative complications of prostate biopsy in patients following a COVID-19 infection. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> Data from individuals who underwent a prostate biopsy at a tertiary hospital in Taizhou city from 1 February to 15 November 2023 were collected, including a history of COVID-19 infection, a history of chronic disease, and postoperative complications of prostate biopsy. <b>Results:</b> A total of 526 participants were enrolled in the study, with 325 individuals having a prior history of COVID-19 infection. The interval between infection and prostate biopsy was 29.25 ± 12.75 weeks, with a fluctuation range from 0.71 to 87.57 weeks. In individuals with a history of COVID-19 infection, 72 were asymptomatic, 110 experienced respiratory symptoms, and 145 had fever. In total, 198 patients reported postoperative complications, which showed no statistically significant difference with a history of COVID-19 infection (<i>p</i>=0.217). The top three reported postoperative complications were hematuria, perineal pain, and urinary retention, which tended not to be related to a history of COVID-19 infection (<i>p</i>=0.448, <i>p</i>=0.991, and <i>p</i>=0.277, respectively). <b>Conclusion:</b> The incidence of postoperative complications of prostate biopsy in post-COVID-19 patients, who currently have no symptoms of COVID-19 infection, was comparable to patients with no history of COVID-19 infection. In clinical practice, for males with a history of controlled COVID-19 infection, the risk of postoperative complications from prostate biopsy should not be a major concern.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"6451174"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11876521/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143558728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Report of Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD) Outbreak in the West Bank, Palestine: Molecular Characterization of Coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16).","authors":"Kamal Dumaidi, Amer Al-Jawabreh, Areej Zraiqi, Athar Fashafsha, Ahmad Dumaidi","doi":"10.1155/cjid/9133821","DOIUrl":"10.1155/cjid/9133821","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a mild self-limited childhood infectious disease caused by a variety of enteroviruses (EVs). <b>Aim:</b> To investigate the molecular epidemiology of EVs associated with HFMD and their clinical presentation during the HFMD outbreak that occurred in the Jenin district, Palestine, from May to August 2024. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> Forty-four (44) throat and vesicular swabs were tested for enteroviral infections using two RT-PCR assays targeting both the 5'NTR and the VP1-2A regions of the enteroviral genome for the diagnosis and genotyping. Patients' demographic data and clinical history were used to create an epidemiological curve. EpiInfo free software was used to draw a cluster mapping. MEGA-X was used to construct a maximum likelihood (ML) tree. PopArt 1.7 software was used to construct neighbor-joining network. <b>Results:</b> The mean age of the study sample was 2.08 (0.25-12 years) with 95% (42/44) under five years old. The male/female ratio was 0.9. All cases presented with typical HFMD signs and symptoms with variable sites of signs. Of the 44 samples, 36 yield positive RT-PCR targeting the 5'NTR. Seven randomly selected positive RT-PCR-5'NTR samples were sequenced using Sanger sequencing for genotyping. It was shown that all were CV-A16 sub-genogroup B1c. Phylogenetic analysis of VP1-2A region sequences showed that all Palestinian CV-A16 isolates form a pure haplogroup of CV-A16 sub-genotype B1c. Furthermore, although haplotype network analysis showed high variation between the viral sequences, the haplotype analysis supported the ML phylogenetic tree in having them all in one haplogroup. <b>Conclusion:</b> CV-A16, sub-genotype B1c was the virus responsible for the HFMD outbreak in the Jenin district of Palestine in the summer of 2024. Phylogenetic and haplotype analysis showed that CV-A16 strains cluster closely with each other and very close to an Indian isolate (OR437338.1), indicating the monomorphic nature of this strain with low genetic variation and the probability of virus importation.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"9133821"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11858712/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143505841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Accuracy Long-Read Sequencing of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> PSNK363 Isolated From the Democratic People's Republic of Korea.","authors":"Thi-Binh Dang, Nackmoon Sung, Kyunghyun Lim, Soyoung Lee, Jaehyun Jeon, Sanghoon Jheon","doi":"10.1155/cjid/2234550","DOIUrl":"10.1155/cjid/2234550","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Long-read sequencing is a valuable technique for high-precision genome analysis. Despite the widespread use of the <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> H37Rv genome sequence as a reference for genetic variation analysis, its suitability for comparing clinical strains is limited. Therefore, we constructed the first known whole genome of a clinical <i>M. tuberculosis</i> strain, PSNK363, isolated from the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, using high-quality high-fidelity (HiFi) read sequencing and compared its genetic variations to those of H37Rv. PSNK363 was cultured to obtain genomic DNA, which was subjected to <i>de novo</i> whole-genome assembly using PacBio Sequel II with long-read HiFi sequencing. The sequences were compared to the reference genome H37Rv. HiFi long-read sequencing of <i>M. tuberculosis</i> PSNK363, with an accuracy of 99.99%, revealed a single circular chromosome of 4,422,110 bp, which is 10,578 bp longer than the H37Rv chromosome. The assembly had an average G + C content of 65.6%, 4079 protein-coding sequences, 53 tRNA genes, and 3 rRNA genes. Most genes (72.7%) were assigned as putative functions, whereas the remaining 27.3% were annotated as hypothetical. Comparison with H37Rv revealed a large inversion in the PSNK363 genome, which contains most of the deletion and insertion variants. <i>M. tuberculosis</i> PSNK363 had a longer genome sequence, more protein-coding genes, and a larger inversion region than H37Rv. High-accuracy whole-genome sequencing of PSNK363 holds the potential for enriching virulence databases and identifying informative loci for drug resistance analysis in <i>M. tuberculosis</i> isolates in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"2234550"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11835475/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143450799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Characterization of Cefoxitin-Resistant Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci From Frequently Touched Surfaces of Hospital and Urban-Built Environments of Central India.","authors":"Anushri Keshri, Dilip Govardhan Gore, Indu Singh, Divakar Sharma, Varaprasad Kolla","doi":"10.1155/cjid/5766823","DOIUrl":"10.1155/cjid/5766823","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are the major pathogen (hospital as well as environmental) and their emerging multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains complicate the treatment process. In this study, we investigated the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of CoNS on frequently touched surfaces in hospital and urban built environments (UBEs) in Vidarbha, Maharashtra, India. A total of 200 isolates screened for <i>Staphylococcus</i> species and 55 methicillin-resistant staphylococci isolates were identified, and among them, 19 were classified as cefoxitin-resistant CoNS. These 19 cefoxitin-resistant CoNS isolates were tested for the presence of the <i>mecA</i> gene by conventional PCR and only nine (47.36%) were found to be <i>mecA-</i>positive. <i>mecA-</i>positive strains were tested to check MIC for various antibiotics and three marker gene characteristics, namely, ß-lactamase, cefoxitin screen, and inducible clindamycin resistance via the VITEK 2 system. These strains were 100% resistant to benzylpenicillin and oxacillin, and approximately 50% were resistant to vancomycin. Amplified <i>mecA</i> gene fragments were sequenced, and SNP analysis was performed alongside a standard sequence from <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (Acc no. NG_047938.1). In total, among the 466 nucleotides, 386 sequences were found to be invariable, and 80 polymorphic variables were identified (46 singleton variable sites and 34 parsimony information sites). The spread of antibiotic resistance is very common in both UBEs and hospital environments; thus, our study concluded that a surveillance program is recommended for the Vidarbha region for the assessment of co-occurring CoNS and better infection control of the environment for future reduction in contact infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"5766823"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11824842/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143415933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}