Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Genotyping of Clinical Samples of Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Isolates in Isfahan Using Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST).","authors":"Yasaman Ahmadi, Farnoosh Shekarchizadeh, Farnood Khajavirad, Afrouz Shekarchizadeh, Dariush Shokri","doi":"10.1155/cjid/7307394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/cjid/7307394","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Effective management of hospital-acquired infections caused by <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> necessitates a comprehensive understanding of bacterial characteristics. The genotyping of clinical samples of methicillin-resistant <i>S. aureus</i> (MRSA) isolates plays a crucial role in understanding the pathogen's epidemiology, etiology, and antibiotic resistance patterns. This study investigated the genotyping and antibiotic resistance profiles of clinically isolated <i>S. aureus</i> strains from different hospitals in Isfahan, Iran. Sixty-three MRSA isolates were analyzed using the disc diffusion method. After DNA extraction, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was performed using seven housekeeping genes, revealing genetic diversity. Six isolates were selected based on their resistance patterns for MLST. The most frequent isolates were detected from wounds (41.3%), and the lowest frequency was from synovial samples (1.6%). Based on the antibiotic resistance pattern, the highest antibiotic resistance of <i>S. aureus</i> isolates was related to tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, and clindamycin at 68.3%, 44.4%, and 44.4%, respectively. In contrast, 96.8% and 95.2% of the isolates were sensitive to nitrofurantoin and linezolid. Among resistant isolates, six sequence types (STs) were identified, including ST74, ST239, ST805, ST531, ST859, and ST5. This study highlights the prevalence, antibiotic resistance, and genetic diversity of MRSA isolates in Isfahan, Iran. The identification of clonal complexes (e.g., CC5, CC8, CC30) suggests clonal spread, emphasizing the importance of surveillance and prevention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"7307394"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12145931/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144250590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in Testing for SARS-CoV-2 Among Healthcare Workers in a Canadian Cohort Study During the COVID-19 Pandemic, June 2020 to November 2023.","authors":"Nicole M Robertson, Brenda L Coleman, Robyn Harrison, Curtis Cooper, Jeya Nadarajah, Marek Smieja, Jeff Powis","doi":"10.1155/cjid/1858884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/cjid/1858884","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> While testing healthcare workers (HCWs) for SARS-CoV-2 is important to reduce transmission within healthcare settings, understanding the self-reported patterns of testing is important for interpreting vaccine effectiveness and other COVID-19-related information. <b>Objective:</b> Using longitudinal data from the COVID-19 cohort study, this study described trends in SARS-CoV-2 testing among Canadian HCWs between June 2020 and November 2023. <b>Methods:</b> HCWs completed an illness report for each instance of SARS-CoV-2 testing and episodes of symptoms compatible with COVID-19 even if untested. Overall rates of testing among the participating cohort were calculated. Rates were stratified by province, reason for testing and COVID-19 vaccination status using 4-week intervals to smooth estimates. For episodes of symptomatic illness (only), the median time between symptom onset and first test was calculated, along with the percent of episodes initially receiving a negative result for SARS-CoV-2 that were reported as being retested. <b>Results:</b> Rates of testing for SARS-CoV-2 generally mirrored rates of hospitalisation for COVID-19 among Canadians. Rates of testing were highest during the Omicron BA.1 wave (11.9 participants tested at least once per 1000 person-days) and varied by province; vaccination status did not impact rates. The most common reason for testing was for symptoms. Testing for known exposure or routine reasons greatly decreased after the Omicron BA.1 wave. In participants who were tested for episodes of symptomatic illness, the median time between symptom onset and first test was 1 day (interquartile range 0-2). Reported retesting after an initial negative result remained low throughout the study period. <b>Conclusions:</b> Understanding testing behaviours is important for public health decision-making including the analysis and interpretation of case data and vaccine effectiveness studies. It can also highlight possible missed case-finding opportunities in healthcare settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"1858884"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12143943/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144250591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Characteristics and Outcome of Readmitted Adult Patients With Acute COVID-19 Infection Within 30 Days of Their Hospital Discharge.","authors":"Nawaf Abdulaziz Alobaid, Ali Abdulrahman Alsalamah, Mohmmed Ibrahim Mugren, Abdulaziz Mohammed Alhwairini, Mohammed Ali Alzahrani, Nawaf M Alzahrani, Omar Baharoon, Jinan Shamou, Eiman Alsafi, Salim Baharoon","doi":"10.1155/cjid/8843908","DOIUrl":"10.1155/cjid/8843908","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> Readmission to the hospital after an acute COVID-19 infection varies in the literature in terms of rate, causes, and outcomes. The 30-day readmission rate ranges from 4% to as high as 11.3%. The causes of readmission after a COVID-19 admission are diverse and include persistent respiratory symptoms, hypoxia, secondary bacterial infection, and thromboembolic disease. This study aims to describe the causes of hospital readmission within 30 days of discharge following an acute COVID-19 infection. <b>Methods:</b> This retrospective cohort study was conducted at a tertiary care center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between March 2020 and February 2022 and included all adult patients who were readmitted to the hospital within 30 days after a primary hospital admission due to COVID-19 infection. <b>Results:</b> A total of 3517 patients were hospitalized with acute COVID-19 infection during the study period, and 200 patients were rehospitalized within 30 days postdischarge, resulting in a readmission rate of 5.7%. The mean age of the readmitted patients was 66.35 ± 19.5 years, and 105 (52.5%) were male. Hypertension and diabetes mellitus were the most common comorbidities. Chronic respiratory disease was present in 44 patients (22%) prior to their acute COVID-19 infection. The mean time to readmission was 7.86 ± 5.8 days. Persistent COVID-19 pneumonia was the most common cause of readmission, diagnosed in 105 patients (52.5%), followed by renal impairment in 29 patients (14.5%). Urinary tract infections were the leading infectious cause of readmission, occurring in 23 patients (11.5%), while secondary bacterial pneumonia was rare. Shortness of breath and cough were the most common symptoms at the second presentation. Respiratory therapeutic interventions were required for 120 patients (60%), and 45 patients required intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Compared to the index admission, a higher proportion of patients required ICU admission and mechanical ventilation. After the index admission, most patients were still symptomatic at discharge (moderate to critical National Early Warning Scores (NEWS)). <b>Conclusion:</b> The readmission rate after acute COVID-19 infection was 5.7%, aligning with rates reported internationally. The most frequent causes of readmission were persistent COVID-19 pneumonia, renal impairment, and urinary tract infections, while secondary bacterial pneumonia at readmission was rare. Readmission was associated with increased rates of ICU admission and the need for mechanical ventilation. The use of NEWS at discharge may serve as a useful criterion for determining readiness for discharge. Future follow-up of this cohort of patients will determine chronic long-term respiratory complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"8843908"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12133358/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144217461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the Molecular Epidemiology of Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> in Northern Saudi Arabia: A Spotlight on <i>SCCmec</i> and <i>spa</i> Typing.","authors":"Mishaal Alanazi, Hussein Aldughmani, Farhan Alrowaili, Fatma Alenazi, Marzwq Alrewaili, Mezna Alenazi, Abdulhamid Alsalmi, Hala M Rushdy, Khalid Almaary","doi":"10.1155/cjid/2753992","DOIUrl":"10.1155/cjid/2753992","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) is a strain resistant to certain antibiotics, making it difficult to treat. MRSA infections can occur in healthcare settings and in the wider community. The prevalence of MRSA strains has significantly increased in Saudi Arabia over the last 2 decades. <b>Objective:</b> This study investigated the molecular epidemiology of MRSA isolates from patients at Gurayat General Hospital in Northern Saudi Arabia. <b>Methods:</b> Ninety-seven MRSA isolates were collected from patients in 2018-2019. MRSA isolates were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing, SCC<i>mec</i> typing, <i>spa</i> typing, and pvl gene detection. <b>Results:</b> All strains were susceptible to vancomycin, teicoplanin, and linezolid. Resistance to clindamycin (33%) and erythromycin (44%) was common. Resistance to ciprofloxacin (19%), gentamicin (14%), and tetracycline (19%) was also observed. Forty-four <i>spa</i> types were identified, with t304 (11.4%), t044 (8.4%), and t0127 (8.4%) being the most common. SCC<i>mec</i> types IVd (39%), IVc (27%), and V (24%) were most frequent. Additionally, the pvl gene was detected in 49% of the isolates. <b>Conclusion:</b> Community-acquired MRSA clones are prevalent in the healthcare setting. The predominant genotype was t304 (10%), followed by t044 (7%) and t0127 (7%). The SCC<i>mec</i> IVd type was the most common type frequently associated with <i>spa</i> type t304, whereas SCC<i>mec</i> type IVc was primarily associated with <i>spa</i> type t044. Isolates harboring SCC<i>mec</i> type IVd showed more nonsusceptible phenotypes to ciprofloxacin than other SCC<i>mec</i> types. Most MRSA isolates were resistant to erythromycin and clindamycin. These findings provide valuable insights into the molecular epidemiology of MRSA in the northern region of Saudi Arabia and highlight the prevalence of specific MRSA strains and their antibiotic resistance profiles. This information is essential for monitoring and addressing the spread of MRSA in healthcare settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"2753992"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12126273/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of the Saudi Arabian Population Regarding Contaminated Banknotes: Implications for Infectious Disease Transmission and Analyzing the Biofilm in Wallet as a Reservoir.","authors":"Mashael Almogbel, Mohsina Huq, Meshal Almogbel, Ahmad Almatroudi, Khaled S Allemailem","doi":"10.1155/cjid/4611971","DOIUrl":"10.1155/cjid/4611971","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> Contaminated paper currency may serve as a potential source for multidrug-resistant pathogens, posing risks not only to individuals who handle cash but also to public health. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP), and microbial contamination of paper currency and biofilm formation in the wallet as a reservoir of contamination in Saudi Arabia (KSA). <b>Methods:</b> Data were collected through an online survey assessing the KAP of the Saudi population regarding the use of contaminated notes across various provinces from February to April 2018. The analysis was conducted using EPI INFO V7 software. Microorganisms were isolated and identified from paper and plastic currency collected from slaughterhouses, gas stations, and hospital cafeterias. The MicroScan WalkAway system was utilized for confirmation and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) testing, while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to visualize biofilms present in wallets. <b>Results:</b> Among the 1415 adult Saudi citizens surveyed, 75% lacked awareness about contaminated currency. Over 50% reported not washing their hands after handling contaminated notes, with 78% of those being male. Fifteen different microbial species were isolated from contaminated notes, including <i>Staphylococcus</i> and fecal coliforms. Multidrug-resistant <i>Staphylococcus</i> and <i>Enterobacter</i> were detected in nearly all paper notes, while extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> was found only in 50-riyal notes. Plastic notes showed no bacterial contamination. SEM images of the interior surfaces of wallets revealed the presence of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) in biofilms, along with cocci-shaped bacteria. <b>Conclusion:</b> To mitigate health risks, it is recommended that paper notes be replaced with plastic currency, and efforts should be made to raise awareness among the Saudi population regarding the dangers posed by contaminated notes.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"4611971"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12122151/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144181032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Transmission by Airborne Droplets in a Restaurant Outbreak: A CFD Approach.","authors":"Yuezhu Chen, Xiaoman Jiang, Yong Yue","doi":"10.1155/cjid/5892658","DOIUrl":"10.1155/cjid/5892658","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Restaurants have played a vital role in spreading the respiratory virus due to the invalidation of certain preventive behaviors such as mask wearing. We analyzed a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak involving two clusters in a restaurant to analyze SARS-CoV-2 transmission by airborne droplets, including aerosols, in a restaurant outbreak. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to simulate the spread of respiratory droplets generated by coughing. The cough jet was modeled as a turbulent jet to study the dispersion of expiratory droplets, with the realizable k-ε model being applied in this simulation. This outbreak involved six diners (A, B, D, E, F, and G) in two clusters (X and Y). But the two clusters were seated at two tables separated by over 3 m from each other, while none of the 18 patrons at the other seven tables, even patrons at neighboring tables, became infected. Upon further investigation, we found that the index case in Cluster X coughed violently with his head facing posterior to the right when Diner F entered the restaurant and passed the posterior side of the index case. Adequate droplets were ejected from the index case and were inhaled by Diner F or trapped by the surfaces of Diner F's hands, clothing, and belongings. The virus-laden droplets and aerosols generated by coughing can be responsible for inhalation or contamination of surfaces that they fall onto, leading to spread of the disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"5892658"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12105898/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144152738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the Association Network of Tuberculosis Lesions in Adult Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis in China: A Large-Scale Multicenter Observational Study.","authors":"Jiajia Yu, Yunqing Chang, Chen Liang, Shengsheng Liu, Liang Li, Jian Du, Youcai Li, Hongyan Chen, Jianxiong Liu, Jinshan Ma, Mingwu Li, Jingmin Qin, Wei Shu, Peilan Zong, Yi Zhang, Xiaofeng Yan, Zhiyi Yang, Yongkang Dong, Zaoxian Mei, Qunyi Deng, Pu Wang, Wenge Han, Meiying Wu, Ling Chen, Xinguo Zhao, Lei Tan, Fujian Li, Chao Zheng, Hongwei Liu, Xinjie Li, Ertai A, Yingrong Du, Fenglin Liu, Wenyu Cui, Song Yang, Xiaohong Chen, Quanhong Wang, Junfeng Han, Qingyao Xie, Yanmei Feng, Wenyu Liu, Peijun Tang, Jianyong Zhang, Jian Zheng, Dawei Chen, Xiangyang Yao, Tong Ren, Yang Li, Yuanyuan Li, Lei Wu, Qiang Song, Jian Zhang, Mei Yang, Yuanyuan Liu, Shuliang Guo, Kun Yan, Xinghua Shen, Dan Lei, Yangli Zhang, Shenjie Tang, Wanli Kang","doi":"10.1155/cjid/4944872","DOIUrl":"10.1155/cjid/4944872","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) is a significant health problem which can lead to severe morbidity and mortality. In clinical practice, EPTB can have a variety of nonspecific clinical manifestations and can be concurrent with other types of EPTB. As information pertaining to concurrent EPTB is scarce, research efforts are needed to find concurrent EPTB types and to explore the association networks and rules of concurrent EPTB. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> An observational multicenter study was carried out at 21 hospitals from 15 provinces in China from Jan 1, 2011, to Dec 31, 2017. All the adult EPTB inpatients (≥ 15 years) were included. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to examine the associations of gender and age group for concurrent EPTB. The association network and rules for concurrent EPTB were analyzed by the Apriori algorithm. <b>Results:</b> A total of 75,993 adult EPTB inpatients (not including EPTB concurrent with PTB) were included. The ratio of male:female was 1.32. The most common types of EPTB lesions were tuberculous pleurisy (46.47%). In the fully adjusted multivariable logistic regression models, it was found that female EPTB patients (aOR = 1.129, 95% CI: 1.081-1.178) were more likely to have concurrent EPTB. As age increased, the risk of concurrent EPTB decreased (aOR < 1, <i>p</i> value for trend < 0.001). The association network graph showed that almost all the EPTB diseases may be concurrent with other types of EPTB. Ureteric tuberculosis and sacral tuberculosis diseases existed mainly in concurrence with other types of EPTB (about 80%). Tuberculous pleurisy and tuberculous lymphadenitis of the neck could be concurrent with more than 60 other types of EPTB disease. The most common concurrent EPTB types were tuberculous peritonitis concurrent with tuberculous pleurisy (1.64%). Sacral tuberculosis concurrentwith lumbar vertebra tuberculosis had the highest confidence value (68.56%). The strongest association rule was found for vesical tuberculosis concurrent with ureteric tuberculosis (lift = 166.18) and ureteric tuberculosis concurrent with vesical tuberculosis (lift = 166.18). <b>Conclusion:</b> The present study revealed the occurrence of concurrent EPTB types and analyzed the association network and rules among adult EPTB for the first time in a large sample population. Clinicians should be alert to the incidence of concurrent EPTB and that these patients require administration of customized treatment regimens in order to achieve the best outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"4944872"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12101905/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144144189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends of Antibiotic Resistance in ESKAPE Pathogens in Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital (2015-2022), South Western, Uganda.","authors":"Joel Bazira, Pauline Petra Nalumaga, Balukhu Quraishi, Abel W Walekhwa, Mugisha Lawrence, Jacob Stanley Iramiot","doi":"10.1155/cjid/7034931","DOIUrl":"10.1155/cjid/7034931","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> Antimicrobial resistance remains a global threat, with increasing infection and death rates. The World Health Organization identified <i>Enterococcus faecium</i>, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, and <i>Enterobacter</i> spp. (ESKAPE) as priority pathogens due to their increased antibiotic resistance development. This study assessed the resistance patterns of ESKAPE pathogens from 2015 to 2022 in Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital, Uganda. <b>Methods:</b> A retrospective study was conducted by reviewing retrieved data from WHONET. This is the laboratory software used in the microbiology laboratory in the Department of Microbiology, Mbarara University of Science and Technology (MUST), which receives samples from both the outpatient and the inpatient departments of Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital. <b>Results:</b> A total of 5733 bacterial isolates were recovered, of which, 4822 were ESKAPE pathogens from the collected clinical specimens including blood, stool, urine, swabs, cerebral spinal fluid, wounds, and sputum. <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (4291, 74.8%) was the most frequently isolated pathogen followed by <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (345, 6.0%). The bacteria categorized as ESKAPE pathogens showed significant rates of multidrug resistance. Ampicillin showed the highest resistance followed by ciprofloxacin. <b>Conclusion:</b> The significant prevalence of antimicrobial resistance to penicillin, ciprofloxacin, and tetracycline in ESKAPE bacteria emphasizes the significance of enhancing antimicrobial surveillance and infection-prevention and management initiatives within the country.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"7034931"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12094865/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144121437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine Learning-Based Prediction of In-Hospital Mortality in Severe COVID-19 Patients Using Hematological Markers.","authors":"Rongrong Dong, Han Yao, Taoran Chen, Wenjing Yang, Qi Zhou, Jiancheng Xu","doi":"10.1155/cjid/6606842","DOIUrl":"10.1155/cjid/6606842","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> The mortality rate is very high in patients with severe COVID-19. Nearly 32% of COVID-19 patients are critically ill, with mortality rates ranging from 8.1% to 33%. Early risk factor detection makes it easier to get the right care and estimate the prognosis. This study aimed to develop and validate a model to predict the risk of mortality based on hematological parameters at hospital admission in patients with severe COVID-19. <b>Methods:</b> The study retrospectively collected clinical data and laboratory test results from 396 and 112 patients with severe COVID-19 in two tertiary care hospitals as Cohort 1 and Cohort 2, respectively. Cohort 1 was to train the model. The LASSO method was used to screen features. The models built by nine machine learning algorithms were compared to screen the best algorithm and model. The model was visualized using nomogram, followed by trend analyses, and finally subgroup analyses. Cohort 2 was for external validation. <b>Results:</b> In Cohort 1, the model developed by the LR algorithm performed the best, with an AUC of 0.852 (95% CI: 0.750-0.953). Five features were included in the model, namely, D-dimer, platelets, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, and activated partial thromboplastin time. The mode had higher diagnostic accuracy in patients with severe COVID-19 > 65 years of age (AUC = 0.814), slightly lower than in patients with severe COVID-19 ≤ 65 years of age (AUC = 0.875). The ability of the model to predict the occurrence of mortality was validated in Cohort 2 (AUC = 0.841). <b>Conclusions:</b> The risk prediction model for mortality for patients with severe COVID-19 was constructed by the LR algorithm using only hematological parameters in this study. The model contributes to the timely and accurate stratification and management of patients with severe COVID-19.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"6606842"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12088843/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144103040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Air Contamination in Operating Theatres: The Key Factors That Can Influence It.","authors":"Lorenzo Dragoni, Davide Amodeo, Gabriele Cevenini, Nicola Nante, Maria Francesca De Marco, Gabriele Messina","doi":"10.1155/cjid/8852879","DOIUrl":"10.1155/cjid/8852879","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives:</b> Adequate ventilation and air filtration in the operating theatre are essential measures to prevent surgical site infections, which impact on hospital stay, healthcare costs and increased risk of mortality. The aim of the study is to assess how other factors, such as the number of operators and the opening of doors during surgery, affect microbiological airborne contamination. <b>Methods:</b> The data were extrapolated from 105 reports of operational controls conducted in the operating rooms in Siena's Teaching Hospital, Italy, from 2018 to 2021. The number of colonies incubated at 22°C and 36°C, was related by Spearman correlation analysis to the number of operators in the rooms and the number of air changes. The Mann-Whitney test was used to assess the difference between the mean of colonies detected with doors closed and opened. <b>Results:</b> The number of colonies incubated at 22°C was correlated only with air changes (Spearman <i>ρ</i> = -0.441; <i>p</i> < 0.001). In contrast, those incubated at 36°C were correlated with air changes (<i>ρ</i> = -0.394; <i>p</i> < 0.001) and the number of operators (<i>ρ</i> = +0.249; <i>p</i>=0.011). For colonies incubated at 22°C, the mean difference between opened and closed doors was not statistically significant (<i>p</i>=0.575). In contrast, the difference was statistically significant for those incubated at 36°C (<i>p</i>=0.013). In terms of airflow, our study showed a statistically significant difference (<i>p</i> < 0.001) between laminar and turbulent flow rooms for both colonies. <b>Conclusion:</b> Continuous monitoring of airflows, correlated with door opening and closing and the number of operators, can help predict levels of microbiological air contamination and thus prevent surgical infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"8852879"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12086031/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144103039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}