Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Interplay Between Phenotype and Genotype in Multidrug-Resistant and Hypervirulent <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> Isolates From Southern Bangladesh.","authors":"Nazia Farha, Md Jahidul Islam Noman, Muhammed Jamil Zulqiful, Rinvi Nusrat Prapti, Kallyan Chakma, Sumaiya Alam Omi, Farjana Sharmen, Nahid Sultana, Sanjoy Kanti Biswas, M Jalal Uddin, Afroza Akter Tanni, Adnan Mannan, Md Mahbub Hasan","doi":"10.1155/cjid/2610958","DOIUrl":"10.1155/cjid/2610958","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (Kpn) is an opportunistic bacterium associated with various diseases, with significant morbidity and mortality due to treatment challenges posed by hypervirulent and multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains. This study investigates the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance, virulence factors, and clonal diversity of Kpn isolates. A total of 704 records were collected from the patient registries of two tertiary-care hospitals in Chattogram, Bangladesh. From these records, 123 biochemically confirmed clinical <i>Klebsiella species</i> were selected from admitted patients for molecular analysis. Antibiotic susceptibility, hypermucoid phenotype, and the presence of AMR genes (<i>sul1</i>, <i>aadB</i>) and the hypervirulence gene (<i>rmpA</i>) were determined. Whole-genome sequencing was also performed on one of the most drug-resistant isolates. Out of all isolates (<i>n</i> = 704), 72.59% were MDR, 18.89% DDR, and 7.95% DSDR. Among MDR, hospital-acquired infections (76%) were more prevalent than community-acquired infections (24%), with higher rates among geriatric (27%) and pediatric (25%) patients. The isolates showed high resistance to third-generation cephalosporins and the highest sensitivity to colistin. PCR analysis of the 81 <i>phoE-</i>positive isolates revealed that 85.18% carried the <i>sul1</i> gene, while 6.17% harbored the <i>aadB</i> gene. Additionally, 12.34% were positive for the virulence gene <i>rmpA</i>, and 1.24% contained all three genes, <i>sul1, aadB,</i> and <i>rmpA</i>. Among the isolates, 65.43% were string test-positive. Notably, these string test-positive strains were resistant to most tested antibiotics compared to string test-negative strains. Whole-genome sequencing confirmed that KP-CU-1 as <i>K. pneumoniae</i>, with a 5.26 Mbp draft genome and an N50 of 164,530 bp, classified as sequence type 29 (ST29). This study indicates that MDR Kpn is highly prevalent, with a high proportion of hypervirulent strains. Establishing a nationwide AMR surveillance network will be essential to control the spread of MDR and hypervirulent Kpn in Bangladesh.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2026 ","pages":"2610958"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13676301/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149217182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiotic Selection and Outcomes in Patients With Monomicrobial and Polymicrobial <i>Vibrio</i> Necrotizing Fasciitis.","authors":"Jiun-Liang Chen, Chun-Hao Chen, Hung-Yen Chen, Cheng-Ting Hsiao, Shu-Fang Kuo, Chien-Hui Hung, Hsing-Jung Li, Tsung-Yu Huang, Yao-Hung Tsai","doi":"10.1155/cjid/9414923","DOIUrl":"10.1155/cjid/9414923","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) caused by <i>Vibrio</i> species is a rapidly progressing, life-threatening infection. The purposes of this study were to characterize polymicrobial <i>Vibrio</i> NF and compare its clinical features, microbiology, antimicrobial therapy, and outcomes with those of monomicrobial <i>Vibrio</i> NF, and to evaluate the effective usage of empirical antibiotics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>One hundred and ninety-four patients surgically confirmed with <i>Vibrio</i> NF were retrospectively reviewed, in which 180 (92.8%) patients were infected by <i>Vibrio vulnificus</i>. There were 179 patients (92.3%) with a monomicrobial infection and 15 (7.7%) with polymicrobial infections. Clinical characteristics, outcomes, laboratory data, and antibiotic usage were analyzed and compared between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-nine patients with <i>Vibrio</i> NF died (14.9%). Mortality was 15.6% (28/179) in the monomicrobial group and 6.7% (1/15) in the polymicrobial group. Among the 15 polymicrobial cases, 14 were caused by <i>Vibrio vulnificus</i> and 1 by <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i>. Gout was more frequently observed in the polymicrobial group (4/15) than in the monomicrobial group (11/179). <i>Vibrio</i> isolates showed high susceptibility to third-generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, and tetracyclines. Effective antimicrobial therapy was associated with lower mortality (<i>p</i> = 0.002) and lower amputation rates (<i>p</i> = 0.004).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Polymicrobial <i>Vibrio</i> NF was uncommon but was not clinically less severe than monomicrobial <i>Vibrio</i> NF in this 20-year cohort. Patients with polymicrobial infection more frequently had gout, suggesting a potential clinical association that warrants further investigation. These findings indicate that suspected polymicrobial <i>Vibrio</i> NF should be treated with the same urgency as monomicrobial disease, with prompt surgery, intensive care, and empirical antimicrobial therapy covering both <i>Vibrio</i> species and relevant copathogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2026 ","pages":"9414923"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13615458/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149065716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Antibiotic Resistance Patterns and Distribution of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> in the Middle East: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Sarina Alidadpour, Reza Pakzad, Mohammad Hossein Ekvan, Muhammad Ibrahim Getso, Gita Alizadeh, Wrya Parwaie, Omid Raiesi","doi":"10.1155/cjid/2830917","DOIUrl":"10.1155/cjid/2830917","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most critical health concerns of the 21^st century, leading to increased mortality, prolonged hospital stays for patients, and higher healthcare costs. Despite urgency of AMR issue, comprehensive and comparative data on AMR in the Middle East region remain limited. This study aimed to systematically review and synthesize country-level data on MRSA prevalence and resistance rates to seven commonly reported antibiotics, with the goal of identifying knowledge gaps and supporting evidence-based antimicrobial stewardship policies and clinical decision-making.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive literature search was conducted across four electronic databases: PubMed, Web of Science (WOS), Scopus, and Google Scholar. The search included articles published from January 2015 to September 24, 2024. Search terms covered <i>Staphylococcus aureus,</i> AMR, and Middle Eastern countries. Ultimately, 217 studies with a combined sample size exceeding 32,090 were included in the analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In Iran, the highest and lowest pooled resistance rates were for penicillin G and vancomycin, respectively. For MRSA, the highest pooled resistance was observed in Iraq and the lowest in Turkey. Vancomycin pooled resistance was also the highest in Iraq. Gentamicin resistance was highest in Yemen and lowest in Cyprus and Kuwait. The highest pooled resistance rates for gentamicin, cotrimoxazole, and ciprofloxacin were all observed in Yemen.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Factors contributing to high AMR rates include ineffective antibiotic stewardship, self-medication, prescription errors, inappropriate dosing, and excessive antibiotic use in agriculture. The findings highlight the urgent need for stricter antibiotic regulations, improved stewardship, and public awareness across the Middle East.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2026 ","pages":"2830917"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13615457/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149065739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Epstein-Barr Virus Immunology and Pathogenesis for Possible Diagnostic and Therapeutic Direction.","authors":"Raha Safari Roudsari, Nazanin Bayat, Mehdi Shabani, Razieh Dowran","doi":"10.1155/cjid/4451657","DOIUrl":"10.1155/cjid/4451657","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a member of the herpesvirus family, is extremely prevalent worldwide. EBV is a double-stranded DNA virus associated with various malignancies, autoimmune diseases, and lymphomas. Transmission occurs through different means, including saliva and organ transplantation. EBV can produce and secrete vesicles that are critical in intracellular communication and valuable biomarkers in body fluids to diagnose potential diseases. They can also be utilized in targeted therapy. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles (EVs) that play a significant role in several biological processes. Some important components in EBV-related EVs can be valuable biomarkers, including proteins such as latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) and LMP2A, microRNAs (miRNAs), and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). This review explores the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of EBV-derived exosomes. It also highlights their challenges due to the lack of standardization and difficulties in exosome isolation and improving exosome-based therapy efficiencies.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2026 ","pages":"4451657"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13602174/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149041748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Interplay Between COVID-19 and Stroke: Experimental Insights Into MicroRNA-Regulated Neuroinflammation.","authors":"Saber Soltani, Milad Zandi, Habibollah Mirzaei, Saeedeh Ebrahimi, Hamid Reza Zaheri, Samaneh Abbasi","doi":"10.1155/cjid/5657680","DOIUrl":"10.1155/cjid/5657680","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The recent COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a wide spectrum of neurological complications, including stroke, and emerging evidence suggests a critical role of microRNAs in their development. This study aimed to evaluate the expression levels of miR-124, miR-636, and miR-485-5p in COVID-19 patients with and without stroke, compared with healthy individuals, to investigate their potential roles in COVID-19-associated neurological manifestations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 100 individuals: 25 COVID-19 patients with stroke, 25 COVID-19 patients without stroke, and 50 healthy controls. COVID-19 infection was confirmed using RT-PCR. Following plasma isolation and RNA extraction, quantitative real-time PCR was performed to determine the expression levels of miR-124, miR-636, and miR-485-5p. The Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn's post hoc test was used for statistical analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The miR-124 expression was significantly increased in the stroke-positive group (5.13 ± 2.48) compared to both the stroke-negative (1.78 ± 1.03) and control groups (1.69 ± 0.64) (<i>p</i> = 0.0084). Significant differences were observed between the stroke-positive and stroke-negative groups (<i>p</i> = 0.0156), as well as between the stroke-positive and control groups (<i>p</i> = 0.0333). Although not statistically significant, a trend toward increased levels was observed in the stroke-positive group (<i>p</i> = 0.3594). miR-636 showed no significant differences among the three groups (<i>p</i> = 0.9987). miR-485-5p showed a nonsignificant trend toward higher levels in stroke-positive patients (2.15 ± 1.53 vs. 1.38 ± 1.01, <i>p</i> = 0.36).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results demonstrated a significant overexpression of miR-124 in COVID-19 patients with stroke, highlighting its potential role in COVID-19-associated neurological disorders. Further studies are required to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and assess its potential as a diagnostic and therapeutic biomarker.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2026 ","pages":"5657680"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13586449/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149009359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Zataria multiflora</i> Essential Oil-Silver Nanoparticle Hybrid Nanogel: A Dual-Action Platform With Enhanced Antimicrobial Activity as a Promising Topical Antimicrobial System.","authors":"Mahmoud Osanloo, Ali Taghinezhad, Mohabbat Ansari, Fatemeh Noorbakhsh, Najmeh Namdar, Elham Zarenezhad","doi":"10.1155/cjid/2543116","DOIUrl":"10.1155/cjid/2543116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The escalating global threat of antibiotic resistance underscores the urgent need for innovative antimicrobial strategies in wound management. In this regard, the integration of herbal therapeutics with noble metal nanoparticles, particularly silver, represents a promising combined approach for both infection control and tissue regeneration. In the present study, a novel nanogel system for advanced wound healing was developed through the incorporation of <i>Zataria multiflora</i> essential oil (ZMEO) with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Three carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-based hydrogel formulations were prepared, including an AgNP-loaded hydrogel, a ZM-loaded nanogel (ZM-NGEL), and a hybrid nanogel (ZM-Ag-NGEL). Comprehensive physicochemical characterization demonstrated favorable formulation attributes. The primary nanoemulsions and AgNPs exhibited uniform nanoscale dimensions of 155 ± 7 and 53 ± 6 nm, respectively, along with strongly negative zeta potentials, indicative of excellent colloidal stability. Structural analyses using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed successful component integration and the formation of a polymeric network within the hybrid formulation. Rheological evaluation revealed pronounced shear-thinning behavior and enhanced zero-shear viscosity, most notably in the ZM-Ag-NGEL system. Functionally, the hybrid nanogel displayed superior, dose-dependent, broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, significantly outperforming the single-component formulations. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that the ZM-Ag-NGEL system effectively combines the wound-healing potential of <i>Zataria multiflora</i> with the potent antimicrobial activity of AgNPs within a stable hydrogel matrix, thereby positioning it as a promising antimicrobial platform for further investigation in topical and biomedical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2026 ","pages":"2543116"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13570451/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148957338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Systemic Inflammation Response Index (SIRI) for Stratifying Mortality Risk in Multidrug-Resistant Lower Respiratory Tract Infections Acquired in Hospital Settings.","authors":"Xia Hui, Xiao Ge, Yahui Liu, Jiebai Zhou, Yun Feng, Haixing Zhu","doi":"10.1155/cjid/8850880","DOIUrl":"10.1155/cjid/8850880","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Timely risk assessment is important in the management of patients with multidrug-resistant (MDR) hospital-acquired lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI). The Systemic Inflammation Response Index (SIRI), an inflammatory biomarker derived from peripheral neutrophil, monocyte, and lymphocyte counts, has shown prognostic potential across several clinical settings. However, its prognostic value and clinically interpretable threshold in patients with MDR hospital-acquired LRTI remain uncertain. This study aimed to evaluate the association between SIRI and in-hospital mortality in this population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This single-center retrospective cohort study included 214 patients diagnosed with MDR hospital-acquired LRTI, with all-cause in-hospital mortality as the primary outcome. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the prognostic value of SIRI. Restricted cubic splines were applied to examine potential nonlinear associations. A data-driven cutoff was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and stratified receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>When analyzed as a dichotomized variable using the data-driven cutoff, high SIRI was associated with increased in-hospital mortality (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.93, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.66-5.14, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Restricted cubic spline analysis suggested a nonlinear relationship, with risk increasing around a SIRI value of 3 and then approaching a high-risk plateau. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed lower survival among patients with SIRI > 3 (log-rank <i>p</i> < 0.001). However, stratified ROC analyses showed only modest discrimination when SIRI was treated as a continuous variable within the low-risk (SIRI ≤ 3, area under the curve [AUC] = 0.556) and high-risk (SIRI > 3, AUC = 0.567) subgroups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>SIRI may help identify a subgroup of patients with MDR hospital-acquired LRTI who have a higher mortality risk, particularly when interpreted using a threshold of approximately 3.0. Given the modest ROC performance and retrospective single-center design, this cutoff should be regarded as an exploratory risk-stratification signal rather than a stand-alone clinical decision tool. External prospective validation is required before clinical implementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2026 ","pages":"8850880"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13559794/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148931861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tackling Drug Resistance and Virulence in <i>Proteus mirabilis</i> Infections: Evaluating Rosemary Extract as a Complementary Therapeutic Agent.","authors":"Arezoo Mirzaei, Jeroen Wagemans, Sharareh Moghim","doi":"10.1155/cjid/8300509","DOIUrl":"10.1155/cjid/8300509","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>The rising antimicrobial resistance in <i>Proteus mirabilis</i>, a primary contributor to catheter-associated urinary tract infections, underscores the urgent need to explore alternative therapeutic approaches. In this study, we evaluated the antibacterial and antivirulence potential of <i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i> L. extract (ROE) against <i>P. mirabilis</i> and concurrently assessed clinical isolates for the presence of key resistance and virulence genes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty multi-drug-resistant (MDR) <i>P. mirabilis</i> isolates were analyzed using multiplex PCR to detect carbapenemase genes (<i>b</i> <i>l</i> <i>a</i> _NDM, <i>b</i> <i>l</i> <i>a</i> _OXA family, <i>b</i> <i>l</i> <i>a</i> _SIM-1, <i>b</i> <i>l</i> <i>a</i> _VIM-1) and uniplex PCR to identify virulence determinants (<i>mrp</i>A, <i>pmf</i>A, <i>rsb</i>A, <i>rsm</i>A, <i>lux</i>S). ROE was extracted and analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The antibacterial, antibiofilm, and antiswarming effects of the extract were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All isolates carried all five virulence genes. Carbapenemase gene profiling revealed <i>b</i> <i>l</i> <i>a</i> _VIM-1in 20% of isolates, while <i>b</i> <i>l</i> <i>a</i> _OXA-23, <i>b</i> <i>l</i> <i>a</i> _OXA-24, and <i>b</i> <i>l</i> <i>a</i> _OXA-58 were detected in 10%, 2.5%, and 2.5% of isolates, respectively. Neither <i>b</i> <i>l</i> <i>a</i> _SIM-1 nor <i>b</i> <i>l</i> <i>a</i> _NDM was identified. HPLC analysis of ROE identified rosmarinic acid as the predominant compound. Although the agar well diffusion assay indicated no bactericidal activity, the broth microdilution method determined a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 8 mg/mL for both reference and MDR strains. At sub-MIC levels, ROE significantly inhibited swarming motility (up to 86% at 250 μg/mL) and biofilm formation (up to 78% in the reference strain and 76% in MDR isolates at 15.6 μg/mL) in a dose-dependent manner. Notably, biofilm eradication activity was observed only against preformed biofilms of the reference strain, achieving up to 53% reduction. MTT cytotoxicity assays confirmed that ROE in low concentrations (1000-15.6 μg/mL) was nontoxic to Vero cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results highlight the concerning prevalence of carbapenemase genes among clinical <i>P. mirabilis</i> isolates and identify ROE as a promising, nontoxic candidate for targeting motility and biofilm formation. These findings suggest ROE may offer a viable strategy for managing drug-resistant <i>P. mirabilis</i> infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2026 ","pages":"8300509"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13525473/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148857757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"KSHV Seropositivity Associates With Impaired Immune Reconstitution in Virally Suppressed HIV.","authors":"Xiaowu Wang, Xiaoyu Fang, Tuantuan Li, Xinqi Geng, Yan Liu, Shuheng Wang, Dong Wu, Yilang Zhu, Linding Wang","doi":"10.1155/cjid/5156452","DOIUrl":"10.1155/cjid/5156452","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) seropositivity is prevalent in people with HIV (PWH), yet its association with immune reconstitution during long-term ART remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective cohort study, we reviewed the records of 209 virally suppressed PWH (VL < 50 copies/mL) after ≥ 2 years of ART. Participants were stratified based on their KSHV serostatus (IgG+). Data on immune parameters were extracted from laboratory reports corresponding to the 2-year post-ART time point.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>KSHV seropositive individuals exhibited significantly lower CD4⁺ counts (101.5 vs. 316.0 cells/μL; <i>p</i> < 0.001), reduced CD4/CD8 ratios (0.26 vs. 0.60; <i>p</i> < 0.001), and elevated IL-6 (9.78 vs. 5.46 pg/mL; <i>p</i> < 0.001). Multivariate analysis identified IL-6 as an independent predictor of seropositivity (OR = 1.238; <i>p</i> < 0.001). The combination of CD4⁺ (≤ 126 cells/μL) and IL-6 (> 5.83 pg/mL) showed superior diagnostic accuracy for KSHV seropositivity (AUC = 0.832).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>KSHV seropositivity correlates with impaired immune reconstitution in virally suppressed PWH. CD4⁺ and IL-6 may jointly serve as a screening tool for KSHV serostatus assessment, though their utility for detecting active infection requires further study.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2026 ","pages":"5156452"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13501123/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148814516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Broadly Defined Antibiotic Adjuvants for <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>.","authors":"Zhihan Chen, Yufan Li, Yuanlin Song","doi":"10.1155/cjid/1388332","DOIUrl":"10.1155/cjid/1388332","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> is a widely distributed opportunistic pathogen with multiple drug resistance, making it particularly challenging to treat in lower respiratory tract infections. Its resistance mechanisms are complex, including low outer-membrane permeability, efflux pump overexpression, biofilm formation, and quorum sensing (QS) activation. Antibiotic adjuvants, as a strategy to enhance antibiotic efficacy and rapidly mitigate antibiotic resistance, have garnered significant attention. However, the traditional definition of antibiotic adjuvants typically refers to compounds like tazobactam, which lack inherent antibacterial activity but enhance the effects of antibiotics. This narrow definition emphasizes specific strategies to overcome <i>P. aeruginosa</i> resistance while excluding many promising approaches that enhance antibiotic activity through specific or nonspecific mechanisms. In this review, antibiotic adjuvants are defined as compounds coadministered or covalently linked with antibiotics to enhance the activity of the antibiotics. This review summarizes progress in research on \"broadly defined antibiotic adjuvants\" targeting <i>P. aeruginosa</i> and focuses on the following strategies: (1) enhancing outer-membrane permeability to facilitate antibiotic entry into the bacterial cell; (2) efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) to inhibit the bacterial efflux of antibiotics from the periplasm; (3) the \"Trojan Horse\" strategy, utilizing siderophores or their analogs to deliver antibiotics into bacteria; (4) quorum sensing inhibitors (QSIs), which weaken <i>P. aeruginosa</i> pathogenicity and resistance by blocking QS signaling pathways; and (5) activation of persister cells to enhance the bactericidal effects of antibiotics on persister cells in biofilm, facilitating the elimination of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> in chronic infections. These strategies provide a theoretical foundation for developing novel antibiotic adjuvants, which may contribute to addressing the challenge of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> resistance and improving clinical treatment outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2026 ","pages":"1388332"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13495566/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148800931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}