Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Analysis of HIV Drug Resistance Mutations Along With Treatment Outcomes of Efavirenz-Based Regimens in Patients With V179D/E Mutations in Guangzhou, China.","authors":"Xingrong Zheng, Yunfei Xiao, Yeqiong Zhang, Peipei Wang, Ying Zhang, Lili Li, Yue Zheng, Xiaodi Li, Dabiao Chen, Xiaohua Yang, Zhanlian Huang","doi":"10.1155/cjid/2598894","DOIUrl":"10.1155/cjid/2598894","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To analyze the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) drug resistance mutations (DRMs) and compare the therapeutic outcomes of different antiretroviral treatment regimens in newly diagnosed HIV-1-infected patients with the V179D/E mutation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included newly diagnosed HIV-1-infected individuals in Guangzhou from 2020 to 2024. Peripheral venous blood samples were collected, and viral RNA was extracted. The <i>pol</i> region of HIV genome was amplified and sequenced. Genotypic resistance testing was performed on the obtained <i>pol</i> gene sequences, and the prevalence of DRMs was analyzed. The efficacy of efavirenz (EFV)-based and non-EFV-based regimens in patients with V179D/E mutation was compared using cumulative failure rate curves.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 740 enrolled patients who underwent baseline resistance testing, 198 (26.76%) harbored DRMs, of whom 59 (7.97%) exhibited pretreatment drug resistance (PDR). The predominant HIV subtypes were CRF07_BC and CRF01_AE. Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) were associated with a DRM prevalence rate of 22.16% (<i>n</i> = 164/740), with common mutation sites being V179E (45.96%, <i>n</i> = 91/198) and V179D (12.12%, <i>n</i> = 24/198). 58.9% of patients with V179D/E mutations received EFV-based regimens (EFV group, <i>n</i> = 66/112), while 41.1% (46/112) used integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) or protease inhibitors (PIs)-based regimens (non-EFV group, <i>n</i> = 46). Besides, the EFV group exhibited significantly higher treatment failure rates than the non-EFV group (<i>p</i> = 0.0131).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of DRMs in newly diagnosed HIV-1-infected individuals in Guangzhou associated with NNRTIs is 22.16%, primarily driven by the V179D/E mutation. EFV-based treatments were associated with higher cumulative virological failure rates in patients with V179D/E mutation.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2026 ","pages":"2598894"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13485334/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148800885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased Frequency of the Chemokine Receptor CCR2 on Circulating CD19+CD5+ Lymphocytes in Therapy-Naïve CLL Patients With the Detectable EBV DNA and High-Avidity Antibodies Against the EBV Capsid Antigen.","authors":"Laura Zvejniece, Svetlana Kozireva, Mariia Nazarenko, Olga Kornilova, Alla Rivkina, Sandra Lejniece, Ainars Leonciks, Modra Murovska, Elena Kashuba, Irina Kholodnyuk","doi":"10.1155/cjid/3145486","DOIUrl":"10.1155/cjid/3145486","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>High EBV load in peripheral blood (PB) of untreated patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has been associated with shorter overall survival. We demonstrated previously that EBV infection of B cells upregulates CCR1 and CCR2. For 54 therapy-naïve CLL patients of the present study, we analyzed expression of CCR1, CCR2, and CD38 on circulating CD19+CD5+ lymphocytes, determined the EBV load (EBV DNA copy number) and the EBV transcripts (BZLF1, LMP1, LMP2A, and EBNA2) in PB mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and measured levels and avidity of IgG antibodies against the EBV capsid antigen (anti-EBV-CA-IgG). The BZLF1 transcript was determined in one patient; both LMP1 and EBNA2 transcripts were detected in two patients only, and, in these patients, the frequency of CD19+CD5+ lymphocytes that presented CCR1 or CCR2 was elevated by 2.5-, 4.3-, and 2.9-fold and by 2.1-, 1.2-, and 2.9-fold, respectively, relative to the median values in the EBV-positive group (> 5 EBV DNA copies in 10⁵ PBMCs; <i>n</i> = 21). The levels and avidity of anti-EBV-CA-IgG were significantly higher in EBV-positive patients compared with the EBV-undetectable group (<i>p</i> = 0.007 and <i>p</i> = 0.018, respectively). Noteworthy, the high avidity of anti-EBV-CA-IgG, with the relative avidity index (RAI) range 61.0-94.6, was associated in EBV-positive patients with the increased 2.3-fold frequency of CCR2 on CD19+CD5+ lymphocytes, compared to patients with the highest avidity (RAI > 95.0; <i>p</i> = 0.006). In patients with the highest anti-EBV-CA-IgG avidity (RAI > 95.0; <i>n</i> = 13), indicative of the high rate of antigen presentation and a recent lytic viral reactivation, the frequency of the CCR2-presenting CD19+CD5+ PB lymphocytes was 1.7-fold lower than the median value of all high-avidity patients (<i>n</i> = 31; <i>p</i> = 0.032). We hypothesize that CCR2 directs the migration of leukemic lymphocytes from circulation into ligand-rich lymphoid organs, thereby underlying EBV's contribution to CLL progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2026 ","pages":"3145486"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13463309/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148726061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Diagnosis of Bacterial Meningitis in Ethiopia: A Narrative Review of Current Evidence and Implementation Gaps.","authors":"Lema Ayele Tenkolu, Fikadu Balcha","doi":"10.1155/cjid/4447180","DOIUrl":"10.1155/cjid/4447180","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bacterial meningitis (BM) remains a significant public health concern in Ethiopia, particularly due to diagnostic challenges posed by limited laboratory infrastructure, late patient presentation, and technical skills required for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sampling. Molecular diagnostic methods offer rapid, sensitive, and specific alternatives to conventional culture.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This narrative review synthesizes available evidence on molecular diagnostics for BM in Ethiopia, evaluates their performance compared to conventional methods, and identifies barriers to implementation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A structured literature search was conducted in PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science (August 1977-September 2024) using the terms: Meningitis OR Bacterial meningitis AND Diagnostics OR Molecular diagnostics, including PCR, CRISPR, next-generation sequencing (NGS), and MALDI-TOF. The review used a repeatable research selection procedure, well-defined inclusion/exclusion criteria, and PRISMA reporting requirements. Studies from Ethiopia and other low-resource settings were included. After screening titles/abstracts and full texts, 66 articles were selected.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In Ethiopia, multiplex PCR detected bacterial DNA in 10%-22% of the CSF samples, whereas culture was positive in only 0.5%-1% of the cases, primarily due to pre-admission antibiotic use. Globally, molecular panels (e.g., BioFire FilmArray ME) show > 90% sensitivity and specificity. Advanced techniques (CRISPR-Cas, NGS, and MALDI-TOF) have not yet been implemented in Ethiopian routine diagnostics.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Molecular methods vastly improve the detection of BM in Ethiopia, but high costs, infrastructure gaps, and shortage of trained personnel prevent widespread adoption. Molecular assays have outstanding analytical sensitivity, but culture remains the gold standard for confirmation of the viability of live pathogens. Implementation gaps require urgent targeted investment in point-of-care diagnostics and specialized transport networks.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2026 ","pages":"4447180"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13455528/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148708440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vaccination Readiness and Conspiracy Beliefs to Virus-Based Diseases: A Validation Study.","authors":"Daniel Kwasi Ahorsu, Mei-Dan Lai, Jiajia Ye, Mark D Griffiths, Servet Üztemur, Carol Strong, Nai-Ying Ko, Po-Ching Huang, Chung-Ying Lin","doi":"10.1155/cjid/9100219","DOIUrl":"10.1155/cjid/9100219","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Individuals' conspiracy beliefs can influence their vaccination readiness, which may affect the annual vaccination uptake rate for infectious diseases such as influenza and COVID-19. To provide reliable and valid tools adapted to the Taiwanese context in assessing these two constructs, the present study validated the psychometric properties of four scales among Taiwanese adults: the COVID-19 Vaccination Readiness Scale (CVRS), Influenza Vaccination Readiness Scale (IVRS), Influenza Conspiracy Beliefs Scale (ICBS), and COVID-19 Conspiracy Beliefs Scale (CCBS). A total of 914 participants completed the online survey between October and November, 2024. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was employed to confirm the model structures and factor loadings for the four scales. All fit indices for all the scales were acceptable, with CVRS and IVRS fitting well to a bifactor model-general and specific-(comparative fix index [CFI] = 0.936 and 0.943) and the CCBS and ICBS to a two-factor model (CFI = 0.961 and 0.973). The internal consistency assessed by Cronbach's alpha [<i>α</i>] and McDonald's omega [<i>ω</i>] was good among all scales (<i>α</i> = 0.87, 0.87, 0.93 and 0.96; <i>ω</i> = 0.90, 0.91, 0.95 and 0.97, for CVRS, IVRS, CCBS and ICBS). Moreover, conspiracy beliefs negatively correlated with vaccination readiness (<i>r</i> = -0.351 to -0.417, <i>p</i> < 0.01). The robustness of these scales was validated. Moreover, conspiracy beliefs were associated with vaccination readiness. Authorities may use these scales to understand individuals' thoughts on vaccination and inform promotion strategies. Future studies may consider these variables in other types of infectious diseases, such as Mpox.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2026 ","pages":"9100219"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13455526/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148708418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Burden and Economic Impact of Antimicrobial Resistance in <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> in Iran: A 2000-2021 Analysis.","authors":"Sina Golestani, Ali Golestani, Samaneh Akbarpour, Mohammadreza Salehi, Arash Seifi, Keyhan Mohammadi, Maryam Shafaati","doi":"10.1155/cjid/6786134","DOIUrl":"10.1155/cjid/6786134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> is a major contributor to antimicrobial resistance (AMR), particularly in hospitals. Its rising resistance presents significant clinical and economic concerns. This study evaluated the national burden and economic impact of <i>A</i>. <i>baumannii</i> infections in Iran from 2000 to 2021 using GBD 2021 AMR data.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We estimated mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) per 100,000 people with 95% UIs under two scenarios: resistant infections replaced by susceptible ones (attributable burden) and replaced by no infection (associated burden). Economic burden was calculated using GDP per capita and purchasing power parity (PPP)-adjusted estimates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 2000 to 2021, total associated DALYs declined from 90,391.9 (95% UI: 80,178.0-100,605.9) to 69,740.5 (65,132.4-74,348.6) and attributable DALYs from 35,284.5 (30,843.1-39,725.9) to 28,085.9 (25,415.9-30,755.9). However, associated deaths increased from 2019.5 (1870.3-2168.8) to 2523.7 (2322.5-2724.9), with neonates and individuals aged 50 years and older most affected. Bloodstream and lower respiratory infections contributed most to DALYs. Resistance remained highest for cephalosporins and carbapenems. The economic burden peaked in 2010 at 584.6 million PPP and decreased to 435.2 million in 2021.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although disease burden declined, rising mortality and resistance trends highlight the need for stronger infection control and stewardship to reduce <i>A. baumannii</i>-related AMR in Iran.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2026 ","pages":"6786134"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13430055/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148671197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of the <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> Toxoid Vaccine: A Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Muhammad Shahzil, Zainab Jamil, Saleha Azeem, Minahel Shehzadi, Aisha Shabbir, Muhammad Saad Faisal, Fariha Hasan, Muhammad Ali Khaqan, Ammad Javaid Chaudhary, Syed-Mohammed Jafri","doi":"10.1155/cjid/1160340","DOIUrl":"10.1155/cjid/1160340","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Clostridioides difficile</i> infection (CDI) significantly contributes to healthcare-associated morbidity and mortality. Vaccination against <i>C. difficile</i> toxins may provide an effective preventive strategy, yet current data remain inconclusive. This meta-analysis evaluates the efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety of the <i>C. difficile</i> toxoid vaccine.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from inception through August 2024. Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials enrolling adults aged 50-85 years that compared genetically detoxified <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> toxoid vaccines (50-200 µg) with placebo and reported clinical efficacy, immunogenicity, or safety outcomes. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed, with risk of bias assessed using RoB 2.0 and certainty of evidence graded using GRADE. The study was prospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024597465). No external funding was received for this study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eight trials (11,717 participants) showed no significant vaccine effect on overall CDI incidence (RR = 0.86; 95% CI 0.56-1.32; I² = 0%) or severe CDI (RR = 0.25; 95% CI 0.02-3.75; I² = 71%), though severe CDI risk trended lower in vaccinated groups. Immunogenicity analyses demonstrated significant seroconversion rates for toxin A (RR = 23.28; 95% CI 7.62-71.16; I² = 0%) and toxin B (RR = 19.23; 95% CI 4.84-76.38; I² = 0%). Vaccine recipients exhibited significantly elevated geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) for antitoxin A and B antibodies across various dosing regimens, particularly at higher doses (200 µg). Local adverse events, including pain (RR = 3.02; 95% CI 2.47-3.70), swelling (RR = 8.53; 95% CI 3.15-23.14), and erythema (RR = 6.78; 95% CI 2.35-19.61), were significantly increased postvaccination, but serious systemic reactions, infections, gastrointestinal disturbances, and mortality rates showed no significant differences compared to placebo. Interpretation of vaccine efficacy is limited by imprecision of effect estimates, heterogeneity in immunogenicity reporting, and the small number of trials evaluating severe CDI outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong><i>Clostridioides difficile</i> toxoid vaccines induce strong humoral immune responses and demonstrate an acceptable safety profile but do not significantly reduce the overall CDI incidence. Evidence suggests a potential role in mitigating severe disease; however, clinical benefit remains uncertain due to imprecision and heterogeneity.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2026 ","pages":"1160340"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13422635/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148632649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid Extensively Drug-Resistant (XDR) TB Diagnosis: An In-House DNA Biochip for Drug Resistance Detection and Mutation Profiling of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>.","authors":"Bharti Jain, Savita Kulkarni, Nawab Singh Baghel","doi":"10.1155/cjid/5518992","DOIUrl":"10.1155/cjid/5518992","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis)</i> poses a major public health threat, especially in high burden countries. Current diagnostic modalities are slow, expensive, or inaccessible in low-resource setting. We designed, fabricated, and validated an in-house DNA biochip capable of detecting resistance-associated mutations in key <i>M. tuberculosis</i> genes linked to resistance against first- (rifampicin and isoniazid) and second-line (fluoroquinolones and second-line injectables) antituberculosis drugs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The biochip allowed the detection of 20 drug resistance-determining mutations in the <i>rpoB, katG, inhA, gyrA, rrs,</i> and <i>eis</i> genes in the <i>M. tuberculosis</i> genome. Biochip consists of 33 probes spotted in duplicate including probe for <i>M. tuberculosis</i> detection. The biochip assay is based on the amplification of 7 fragments of the genome using two sets of multiplex PCRs. The biochip assay was optimized, and enhanced chemiluminescence was used for signal detection on biochip. Performance evaluation of the biochip was done using 175 clinical isolates. Culture-based drug susceptibility test (DST) was used as the gold standard to compare biochip results, and sequencing was used to resolve the discordance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 59 culture sensitive isolates, 53 were sensitive to all drugs by biochip, while 6 isolates showed different mutations. The biochip showed high concordance with culture DST. The diagnostic sensitivity of the biochip assay for all the drugs ranged from 75% to 100%. The specificities of the biochip for all the 7 drugs were over 97%. The developed biochip demonstrated analytical sensitivity of 10³ genome copies per assay and showed high reproducibility, with intra-assay coefficient of variation (CV) < 10% and interassay CV < 19% across all probes on the biochip.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The biochip enables simultaneous analysis of multiple resistance-associated mutation in a single assay providing a powerful tool for early detection, personalized therapy, and effective containment of both MDR and XDR-TB. The biochip is useful for clinical microbiology studies and surveillance programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2026 ","pages":"5518992"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13402939/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148609782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Candida</i> Colonization and Esophagitis in HIV-Negative Patients: An Endoscopic, Histopathological, and Molecular Study.","authors":"Fatemeh Nabiei, Rasoul Samimi, Neda Nasirian, Monirsadat Mirzadeh, Milad Badri, Faezeh Mohammadi","doi":"10.1155/cjid/2877787","DOIUrl":"10.1155/cjid/2877787","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Candida</i> esophagitis (CE) is a recognized opportunistic infection in immunocompromised individuals, but data from HIV-negative patients remain limited. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, clinical manifestations, risk factors, and molecular characteristics of CE in HIV-negative adults undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, 455 HIV-negative adults with upper gastrointestinal symptoms who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy were evaluated. An esophageal mucosal sample for fungal culture was collected from all patients, while biopsy for histopathology was performed only when endoscopic findings suggested <i>Candida</i> infection. Active CE was defined by compatible endoscopic lesions, histopathological evidence of tissue invasion, and a positive fungal culture. <i>Candida</i> species were identified using PCR-RFLP.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>Candida</i> was detected in 84 patients (18.5%), and histopathologically confirmed that CE was identified in 16 patients (3.5%). The most common symptoms among CE patients were epigastric pain (68.8%) and acid reflux (56.3%). Diabetes mellitus (OR = 6.19, <i>p</i> = 0.001), denture use (OR = 3.72, <i>p</i> = 0.020), corticosteroid use (OR = 4.54, <i>p</i> = 0.025), and antibiotic use (OR = 5.08, <i>p</i> = 0.018) were significantly associated with CE. Among patients with CE (<i>n</i> = 16), molecular analysis showed <i>Candida albicans</i> as the predominant species (81.3%), followed by <i>C. glabrata</i> (12.5%) and <i>C. tropicalis</i> (6.2%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CE is an uncommon yet clinically relevant condition in HIV-negative patients. Metabolic factors, medication exposure, and denture use significantly increase the risk of CE. Early identification of high-risk individuals and accurate species detection may support timely diagnosis and appropriate management.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2026 ","pages":"2877787"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13389433/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148563650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Integrative and Conjugative Element ICE<i>Pmi</i>W2 in <i>Proteus mirabilis</i> W2 Facilitates the Dissemination of Antibiotic-Resistance Genes.","authors":"Yahan Cao, Wenchao Yu","doi":"10.1155/cjid/5112699","DOIUrl":"10.1155/cjid/5112699","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The extensive use of antibiotics for treating infectious diseases leads to their release into the environment, which in turn results in antibiotic pollution and thereby facilitates the dissemination of antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs). Recently, despite the implementation of strict antibiotic usage restrictions, the accumulation of ARGs and multidrug-resistant bacteria in the aquaculture environment continues to show a trend of persistent spread.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The W2 strain was isolated in the presence of 32 μg/mL doxycycline. A broth microdilution assay was employed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations. Whole-genome sequencing was conducted to characterize ARGs and their mobility through bioinformatics analysis. The spread of ARGs was detected by conjugation assays.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>W2 strain was isolated from the wastewater of a crucian carp aquaculture plant in Jinan, China, and identified as <i>Proteus mirabilis</i>. W2 genome contained a 190,320 bp antibiotic-resistance-conferring integrative and conjugative element (ICE), named ICE<i>Pmi</i>W2. ICE<i>Pmi</i>W2 contains 21 ARGs, 14 conjugative transposon protein-encoding genes, and one complex type I integron. No transconjugants were obtained using W2 as the donor strain and <i>Escherichia coli</i> 25DN as the recipient strain. However, evolutionary analysis revealed that ICE<i>Pmi</i>W2 likely evolved from ICEs of other <i>P. mirabilis</i> strains.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The multiple-antibiotic-resistant <i>P</i>. <i>mirabilis</i> W2 strain with potential pathogenicity to aquatic animals was isolated, and the antibiotic-resistance-conferring ICE<i>Pmi</i>W2 was identified in <i>P</i>. <i>mirabilis</i> W2. Our findings suggest that ICE<i>Pmi</i>W2 of <i>P</i>. <i>mirabilis</i> W2 can potentially spread ARGs among environmental <i>P</i>. <i>mirabilis</i> strains.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2026 ","pages":"5112699"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13358208/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148438891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence, Drug Resistance Patterns, and Associated Factors of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacterales Among Food Handlers in Student Cafeterias at Arba Minch University, Southern Ethiopia.","authors":"Yigrem Alebachew, Zerihun Zerdo, Belayneh Regasa Dadi","doi":"10.1155/cjid/1139443","DOIUrl":"10.1155/cjid/1139443","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;The emergence and spread of antimicrobial-resistant Enterobacterales, particularly extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-PE), represent the major global public health concern. The objective of this study was to determine the fecal carriage, antimicrobial resistance pattern, and associated factors of ESBL-PE among apparently healthy food handlers who work in the students' cafeteria at Arba Minch University, Ethiopia.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Method: &lt;/strong&gt;An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from May 1 to August 30, 2025. A pretested, semistructured questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic, clinical, behavioral, and other related data. Stool samples were collected from participants and inoculated on MacConkey agar. Bacterial colonies on the MacConkey agar were identified using standard biochemical tests. Screening and confirmation of extended-spectrum &lt;i&gt;β-&lt;/i&gt;lactamase production was done by Kirby Bauer's disk diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 25 was used to analyze the data. Bivariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analyses were used to assess the presence of association, and then the strength of the association was determined by using AOR and 95% confidence intervals, and &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; values at &lt; 0.05 were considered statistically significant.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Overall prevalence of fecal carriage of ESBL-PE was 51/319 (16%; CI 12.2-20.1). The most predominant ESBL-PE was &lt;i&gt;Escherichia coli&lt;/i&gt; (34/51, 66.7%) and &lt;i&gt;Klebsiella pneumonia&lt;/i&gt; (14/51, 27.5%), followed by &lt;i&gt;Citrobacter freundii&lt;/i&gt; (2/51, 3.9%) and &lt;i&gt;Proteus mirabilis&lt;/i&gt; (1/51, 1.9%). All ESBL-PE isolates in the present study were found to be multidrug-resistant (MDR). High-level resistance among ESBL-producing Enterobacterales was observed against trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (88.2%), whereas meropenem remained highly effective with susceptibility ranging from 76.5% to 100% across different genera. Antibiotic use in the last three months (AOR = 2.485; CI: 1.12-5.51), lack of knowledge on the principle of safe food handling practice (AOR = 0.325; CI: 0.128-0.828), consumption of raw meat (AOR = 2.706; CI: 1.22-5.99), and drinking unpasteurized milk (AOR = 2.014; CI: 1.03-3.96) were significantly associated with fecal carriage of ESBL-PE among food handlers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;This study revealed a high prevalence of extended-spectrum &lt;i&gt;β&lt;/i&gt;-lactamase-producing and MDR Enterobacterales among food handlers. Antibiotic use in the last three months, lack of knowledge of the principle of safe food handling practices, consumption of raw meat, and drinking unpasteurized milk were significantly associated with fecal carriage of ESBL-PE among food handlers. Therefore, routine screening, health education, and strict infection prevention and control measures are essential to prevent the spread of E","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2026 ","pages":"1139443"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13352516/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148425863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}