Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Clinical Characteristics, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Patients With Myocardial Injury due to <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> Bloodstream Infections.","authors":"Qingqing Chen, Panpan Xu, Zhihui Guan, Feizhen Song, Xinhua Luo, Xijiang Zhang, Chuming Zhang, Ronghai Lin, Cheng Zheng","doi":"10.1155/cjid/1795084","DOIUrl":"10.1155/cjid/1795084","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Very few studies have characterized patients with myocardial injury due to <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> bloodstream infections (KP-BSI). Our study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics, risk factors and outcomes of patients with myocardial injury due to KP-BSI. <b>Methods:</b> A double-center retrospective cohort study of patients with KP-BSI was conducted from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2022. The clinical data was collected by reviewing electronic medical records. Classification of patients with KP-BSI into myocardial injury and nonmyocardial injury groups based on the levels of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) after 48 h onset of KP-BSI. <b>Results:</b> Patients with myocardial injury due to KP-BSI were generally younger than those without such injuries, with the former presenting a median age of 60 versus 67 in the latter (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Conditions like chronic cardiac insufficiency and chronic pulmonary disease were more prevalent in the myocardial injury cohort (10.0% and 7.1%, respectively) compared to those without myocardial injury (4.7% and 2.6%, respectively; <i>p</i> values 0.002 and 0.001). However, the nonmyocardial injury group had a higher incidence of solid tumors (15.3% vs. 10.4%, <i>p</i>=0.038). Severity assessments like the acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II, the sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA), and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) all registered higher for the myocardial injury group (all <i>p</i> < 0.001). Similarly, intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, use of mechanical ventilation, and central venous catheter (CVC) placement were notably more common in this group (all <i>p</i> < 0.001). Regarding infection sources, the myocardial injury group had a higher incidence of pneumonia as the cause for KP-BSI (29.8% vs. 15.9%, <i>p</i> < 0.001), whereas liver and biliary tract infections were less frequent compared to their counterparts. Mortality rates at 7, 14, and 28 days, along with in-hospital mortality, were significantly higher for those with myocardial injury (all <i>p</i> < 0.001). Multivariate analysis identified age > 67 [adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 2.32; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.59-3.38], SOFA score > 6 (aOR, 3.04; 95% CI, 2.10-4.39), mechanical ventilation (aOR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.15-2.39), and CVC in place (aOR, 1.50; 95% CI, 0.96-2.02) as independent prognostic factors for myocardial injury in KP-BSI. <b>Conclusions:</b> Older age (> 67 years), higher SOFA score (> 6), mechanical ventilation, and CVC in place were found to be significantly associated with an increased risk of myocardial injury. Clinical physicians should be alert to the potential for myocardial injury in elderly critically ill patients, especially those who are on mechanical ventilation and have indwelling CVC, in the event of KP-BSI.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"1795084"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11824389/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143415734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Administration of a Next-Generation Probiotic <i>Escherichia coli</i> Nissle 1917-GLP-1 Alleviates Diabetes in Mice With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes.","authors":"Jie Luo, Yilin Fang, Zhanghua Qi, Fengyang Cui, Hong Hu, Shengjie Li, Tingtao Chen, Hongyan Zhang","doi":"10.1155/cjid/6675676","DOIUrl":"10.1155/cjid/6675676","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a persistent and steadily progressing metabolic condition distinguished by unregulated high levels of blood glucose. GLP1 receptor agonists have recently gained recognition as first-line therapies in selected instances, as per the updated ADA guidelines, highlighting their efficacy not only in glycemic control but also in their broader health benefits. Nonetheless, the efficacy of GLP-1 is limited by its brief duration of action, rapid clearance from the body, and challenges associated with subcutaneous administration. In this study, we examined the potential diabetes-mitigating effects of a genetically engineered strain of Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN)-GLP-1, previously developed by our group. We utilized mouse models for both Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to assess its efficacy. In the case of T1DM mice, the results revealed that EcN-GLP-1 resulted in a notable decrease in blood glucose levels. Furthermore, it exhibited a protective influence on the structural integrity of islet <i>β</i>-cells; downregulated the expressions of key inflammatory markers such as TLR-4, p-NF-<i>κ</i>B/NF-<i>κ</i>B, and Bax/Bcl-2; promoted the insulin secretion; and reinstated the perturbed diversity of microbial species to a normal state. Similarly, EcN-GLP-1 had a pronounced impact on T2DM mice, manifesting increased presence of islet <i>β</i>-cells, decreased inflammatory response and apoptosis, and regulation of lipid metabolism in the liver. In summary, the genetically modified EcN-GLP-1 strain demonstrates the ability to alleviate diabetes by enhancing the islet <i>β</i>-cell population, mitigating inflammatory reactions and apoptosis, optimizing liver lipid metabolism, and reinstating a balanced microbial diversity. These findings hold promise as a potential avenue for treating DM.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"6675676"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11824388/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143415645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sulbactam-Durlobactam: A Novel Antibiotic Combination for the Treatment of <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>-Calcoaceticus Complex (ABC) Hospital-Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia and Ventilator-Associated Bacterial Pneumonia.","authors":"Wissam K Kabbara, Elina Sadek, Hanine Mansour","doi":"10.1155/cjid/2001136","DOIUrl":"10.1155/cjid/2001136","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Purpose:</b> To evaluate the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, antimicrobial activity, efficacy, safety, and the regulatory status of sulbactam-durlobactam. <b>Summary:</b> Sulbactam-durlobactam is a recently approved antimicrobial combination of two <i>β</i>-lactamase inhibitors for the treatment of hospital-acquired bacterial pneumonia (HABP) and ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia (VABP) associated with <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>-calcoaceticus complex (ABC) in patients 18 years and older. Sulbactam is a direct antibacterial activity with high susceptibility to <i>A. baumannii</i> species. Durlobactam, diazabicyclooctane <i>β</i>-lactamase inhibitors possesses a broad-spectrum activity against Ambler class A, C, and D serine <i>β</i>-lactamases. This combination has been studied to overcome resistance to ABC species. Data were obtained from in vitro and preclinical studies as well as phase I, II, and III clinical studies published in English between 200t0 and January 2023. A phase II trial showed similar tolerability and pharmacokinetics parameters of sulbactam-durlobactam in patients with urinary tract infections to placebo. However, no ABC infections were included in the trial. ATTACK, a phase III clinical trial of sulbactam-durlobactam, studied the safety and efficacy of sulbactam-durlobactam in patients with ABC HABP/VABP and showed its noninferiority to colistin. Reported adverse events include anemia, elevated liver enzymes, hyperkalemia, headache, diarrhea, nausea, urticaria, and vascular pain. Sulbactam-durlobactam is a new <i>β</i>-lactamase inhibitors combination active against MDR Gram-negative bacteria including ABC. It is currently approved for the treatment of HABP/VABP caused by susceptible ABC strains.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"2001136"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11824839/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143415844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mpox Virus as a Global Public Health Emergency: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Sathish Sankar, Pachamuthu Balakrishnan, Yean K Yong, Sivadoss Raju, Vijayakumar Velu, Esaki M Shankar, Marie Larsson","doi":"10.1155/cjid/6683501","DOIUrl":"10.1155/cjid/6683501","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The monkeypox (Mpox) virus has emerged as a global public health emergency of international concern recently. The virus that was endemic in West and Central Africa has now been reported with chains of global transmission to several countries. A scoping review was carried out from the relevant literature available from PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. This comprehensive analysis describes the virus epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, complications including secondary bacterial infections, diagnosis, treatment and vaccination. The article underscores the significance of key viral and immune mediators of infection and discusses updated recommendations on therapeutic strategies and vaccination.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"6683501"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11779990/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143068726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coxiellosis in Dogs-A Hitherto Masked Zoonosis in India: An Insight From Seromolecular Investigation and Risk Factor Analysis.","authors":"Valil Kunjukunju Vinod, Satyaveer Singh Malik, M S Sivaprasad, Chinmay Malik, Neha Parmar, Karikalan Mathesh, Brijesh Kumar, Ujjwal Kumar De, E S Sanjumon, Jess Vergis, Sukhadeo Baliram Barbuddhe, Deepak Bhiwa Rawool","doi":"10.1155/cjid/8642619","DOIUrl":"10.1155/cjid/8642619","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Coxiellaburnetii</i> is an airborne bacterial zoonotic pathogen that causes Q fever/coxiellosis in humans and animals. Although dogs are suspected of transmitting Q fever to humans in past outbreaks, the prevalence of <i>C. burnetii</i> in the Indian dog population and risk factors for infection remain unknown. In this study, 452 dogs from pet clinics in three Indian states were screened for coxiellosis using molecular (Trans-PCR, Com 1-PCR) and serological (IFAT) tests. <i>C. burnetii</i> DNA was detected in 0.44% of blood samples using Trans-PCR, and pathogen-specific antibodies were found in 4.20% of sera using IFAT. Contact with stray dogs and ownership by farmers were identified as risk factors for canine coxiellosis. This study appears to be the first systematic assessment of coxiellosis and associated risk factors among dogs in India. A large-scale assessment of canine coxiellosis and its risk factors is warranted among pets and high-risk occupational groups in India.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"8642619"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11772063/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143054240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Ursodeoxycholic Acid Administration During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Questionnaire Survey.","authors":"Cheng Zhou, Ran Jia, Jinqiu Yang, Tong Liu, Xiaoyan Liu, Lin Yang, Wenxia Zhao","doi":"10.1155/cjid/4601882","DOIUrl":"10.1155/cjid/4601882","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In December 2022, China classified COVID-19 as a category B infectious disease. This ended 2 years of close epidemiological surveillance of COVID-19. The objective of this questionnaire was to assess the infection status in the COVID-19 pandemic since December in Henan Province, China, and the prevalence of infection in people who were taking ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) during this period. We distributed questionnaires to patients attending the gastroenterology clinic at the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine. The questionnaire lasted for 3 weeks and a total of 660 were collected, of which the number of people taking UDCA was 70. This is the first investigation into the rate of infection among those taking UDCA during the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. Our results showed that the overall infection rate among those taking UDCA was 71.43% (<i>n</i> = 50), with a 10% (<i>n</i> = 7) rate of asymptomatic infections, which was significantly lower than the 85.42% (<i>n</i> = 504) and 6.27% (<i>n</i> = 37) rates among respondents who did not take. The administration of UDCA showed a trend toward reducing the rate of COVID-19 infection, but the difference was not statistically significant when compared to patients with shorter durations of medication use. While less than 30% of participants remained uninfected during the study period, indicating a potential protective effect, it is important to note that complete prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection by UDCA was not observed.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"4601882"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11745549/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143015605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient Detection of West Nile Virus in Urine Specimens by a Novel In-House RT-qPCR Detection Kit.","authors":"Gülten Tuncel, Gökçe Akan, Melis Kalaycı, Buket Baddal, Ayşegül Bostancı, Kaya Suer, Cenk Serhan Özverel, Tamer Şanlıdağ","doi":"10.1155/cjid/6513971","DOIUrl":"10.1155/cjid/6513971","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>West Nile Virus (WNV) infection represents a major global public health challenge. Even though most of the patients are asymptomatic, some cases progress to critical condition which may be fatal. Diagnosis traditionally relies on serological methods, but their limitations, including cross-reactivity, highlight the need for alternative approaches. Here, we present the development and validation of a novel RT-qPCR assay for precise and rapid detection of WNV RNA in urine, emerging as a promising specimen due to its noninvasive collection and high viral load. The assay demonstrates high efficiency and sensitivity, with a detection limit comparable to commercially available kits. This study highlights the importance of in-house kit design as a diagnostic tool in regions affected by emerging tropical infections, such as WNV, exemplified Cyprus. It emphasizes the critical role of low-cost, early detection with high sensitivity and specificity in infection control and surveillance efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"6513971"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11732278/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143015456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive Application Value of Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing in the Resistance of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae.","authors":"Jiacheng Tian, Chengtan Wang, Pingping Song, Zhiqing You, Xiuqin Jia, Xuan Li, Feng Pang","doi":"10.1155/cjid/6619016","DOIUrl":"10.1155/cjid/6619016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> Although metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) technology has achieved notable outcomes in pathogen detection, there remains a gap in the research regarding its application in predicting the antibiotic resistance of pathogenic bacteria. This study aims to analyze the clinical application value of mNGS in predicting the resistance of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), as well as the relevant influencing factors, thereby providing valuable insights for clinical antimicrobial therapy. <b>Methods:</b> Nonduplicate isolates of <i>Enterobacterales</i> bacteria collected from Liaocheng People's Hospital from April 2023 to June 2024 were selected, and CRE bacteria were screened. mNGS was used to detect resistance genes, and the results were compared with those of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to evaluate the specificity and sensitivity of gene detection. Furthermore, the performance of mNGS in identifying pathogenic microorganisms and predicting antibiotic resistance was assessed by comparing the sequencing results with those of antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST). <b>Results:</b> A total of 46 isolates were confirmed as CRE through traditional AST and were further identified using the Vitek MS and Vitek 2 systems. The results indicated 27 isolates of <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, 14 isolates of <i>Escherichia coli</i>, 2 isolates of <i>Enterobacter hormaechei</i>, 2 isolates of <i>Enterobacter cloacae</i>, and 1 isolate of <i>Citrobacter freundii</i>. These isolates were subjected to both mNGS and PCR for detection. The calculation of the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve demonstrated the reliability of mNGS in detecting resistance genes. <b>Conclusion:</b> mNGS demonstrated high sensitivity in predicting the presence of carbapenemase resistance genes in CRE, showing potential in early indication of isolate resistance information, thereby facilitating timely guidance for clinical treatment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"6619016"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11729505/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143015577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive Analysis of Virulence Genes, Antibiotic Resistance, Biofilm Formation, and Sequence Types in Clinical Isolates of <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>.","authors":"Mohsen Nazari, Jaber Hemmati, Babak Asghari","doi":"10.1155/cjid/1403019","DOIUrl":"10.1155/cjid/1403019","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Background:&lt;/b&gt; The rise in multidrug-resistant pathogens poses a formidable challenge in treating hospital-acquired infections, particularly those caused by &lt;i&gt;Klebsiella pneumoniae&lt;/i&gt;. Biofilm formation is a critical factor contributing to antibiotic resistance, enhancing bacterial adherence and persistence. &lt;i&gt;K. pneumoniae&lt;/i&gt; strains vary in virulence factors, influencing their pathogenicity and resistance profiles. This study aimed to comprehensively analyze virulence factors, antibiotic resistance patterns, and biofilm formation in clinical isolates of &lt;i&gt;K. pneumoniae&lt;/i&gt; from Hamadan hospitals. Moreover, the study explored the molecular epidemiological relationships among isolates using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) to uncover the genetic diversity associated with resistance and virulence. &lt;b&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/b&gt; Between December 2022 and April 2024, 402 &lt;i&gt;K. pneumoniae&lt;/i&gt; isolates were collected from clinical samples, including urine, tracheal aspirates, blood, wounds, and abscesses, in teaching hospitals in Hamadan. Initial culturing was performed on blood agar and MacConkey agar, and isolates were identified using biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing followed CLSI, employing the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method with 10 antibiotics. Biofilm formation was assessed using the microtiter plate method, and virulence genes were detected by PCR. MLST analysis was conducted on 10 selected isolates based on their virulence gene profiles and resistance patterns. &lt;b&gt;Result:&lt;/b&gt; Of the 456 clinical isolates analyzed, 402 (88.15%) were identified as &lt;i&gt;K. pneumoniae&lt;/i&gt;, predominantly isolated from tracheal samples (251/402, 62.44%), followed by urine (105/402, 26.12%), blood (30/402, 7.46%), wounds (15/402, 3.73%), and abscesses (1/402, 0.25%). Antibiotic resistance rates revealed high resistance to cefepime (356/402, 88.55%), imipenem (345/402, 85.82%), and ceftazidime (305/402, 75.87%), while resistance to amikacin (165/402, 41.04%) and piperacillin-tazobactam (75/402, 18.65%) was comparatively lower. Biofilm formation varied among the isolates, with 17/402 (4.22%) forming strong biofilms, 104/402 (25.87%) moderate biofilms, 180/402 (44.78%) weak biofilms, and 101/402 (25.12%) showing no biofilm production. Virulence gene analysis indicated high prevalence rates for &lt;i&gt;mrkD&lt;/i&gt; (396/402, 98.50%), &lt;i&gt;fimH1&lt;/i&gt; (351/402, 87.31%), and &lt;i&gt;entB&lt;/i&gt; (402/402, 100%), while genes like &lt;i&gt;irp-1&lt;/i&gt; (151/402, 37.56%) and &lt;i&gt;irp-2&lt;/i&gt; (136/402, 33.83%) were less common, and &lt;i&gt;hylA&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;cnf-1&lt;/i&gt; were absent. MLST analysis of 10 selected isolates identified sequence types ST147 (5/10, 50%), ST11 (3/10, 30%), and ST15 (2/10, 20%). &lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;K. pneumoniae&lt;/i&gt; demonstrates notable biofilm-associated antibiotic resistance, supported by a significant association with XDR strains, along with a diverse array of virulence gene profiles. The study underscores the importance of understanding molecular epide","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2024 ","pages":"1403019"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11671628/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142903943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Bacterial Biofilms: Formation, Impacts, and Possible Management Targets in the Healthcare System.","authors":"Eric Omori Omwenga, Silas Onyango Awuor","doi":"10.1155/cjid/1542576","DOIUrl":"10.1155/cjid/1542576","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> The persistent increase in multidrug-resistant pathogens has catalyzed the creation of novel strategies to address antivirulence and anti-infective elements. Such methodologies aim to diminish the selective pressure exerted on bacterial populations, decreasing the likelihood of resistance emergence. This review explores the role of biofilm formation as a significant virulence factor and its impact on the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). <b>Case Presentation:</b> The ability of bacteria to form a superstructure-biofilm-has made resistance cases in the microbial world a big concern to public health and other sectors as it is a crucial virulence factor that causes difficulties in the management of infections, hence enhancing chronic infection occurrence. Biofilm formation dates to about 3.4 billion years when prokaryotes were discovered to be forming them and since then due to evolution and growth in science, they are more understood. <b>Management and Outcome:</b> The unique microenvironments within bacterial biofilms diminish antibiotic effectiveness and help bacteria evade the host immune system. Biofilm production is a widespread capability among diverse bacterial species. Biofilm formation is enhanced by quorum sensing (QS), reduction of nutrients, or harsh environments for the bacteria. <b>Conclusion:</b> The rise of severe, treatment-resistant biofilm infections poses major challenges in medicine and agriculture, yet much about how these biofilms form remains unknown.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2024 ","pages":"1542576"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11666319/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142883271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}