Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"The Inhibitory Effect of Niosome Containing Myrtenol as an Innovative Approach to Combat Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA).","authors":"Jaber Hemmati, Mohsen Chiani, Babak Asghari, Ghodratollah Roshanaei, Sara Soleimani Asl, Morvarid Shafiei, Mohammad Reza Arabestani","doi":"10.1155/cjid/2742569","DOIUrl":"10.1155/cjid/2742569","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The clinical challenge of staphylococcal treatment is increasing globally, making it critical to find effective strategies to hinder the spread of resistant isolates, particularly methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA). Niosomal drug delivery systems, known for their controlled release profiles and other advantageous features, can enhance the efficacy of antimicrobial ability of loaded agents. This study aims to propose a novel drug delivery system for combating staphylococcal resistance challenge through examining the antibacterial and antibiofilm properties of myrtenol-loaded niosomal system against MRSA isolates. The niosomal formulation was prepared using the thin-film hydration process, and its physicochemical characteristics were assessed through entrapment efficiency (EE %), in vitro release profile, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). In addition, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were measured and compared with free myrtenol to evaluate the anti-MRSA activity of the formulated niosomal myrtenol. Furthermore, the effectiveness of niosome containing myrtenol against MRSA biofilms was investigated by examining biofilm minimum inhibitory and eradication concentrations (BMIC/BMEC). Additionally, the cytotoxicity of synthesized niosomes was assessed on the human foreskin fibroblast cell line (HFF). Results from FE-SEM showed that myrtenol-loaded niosomes were spherical with a diameter of 122.1 nm, while the hydrodynamic size reported from DLS was 130.8 nm. The surface charge and EE% of the prepared niosomal formulation were -53.6 mV and 62.90%, respectively. The niosomal myrtenol formulation demonstrated the increased antibacterial activity in comparison with free myrtenol formulation. Furthermore, myrtenol-loaded niosomes reduced the biofilm formation potential in all MRSA isolates and effectively eradicated bacterial biofilms at equivalent concentrations of the non-niosomal formulation. According to this study, niosomes exhibit high potential for drug delivery due to several favorable characteristics, including a sustained-release profile, nontoxicity, small size, and high EE%. Niosomal delivery system presents a novel approach to combat bacterial infections, particularly those caused by MRSA isolates by enhancing antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of free myrtenol.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"2742569"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12422854/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145041865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparative Analysis of Molecular Epidemiology and Antibiotic Resistance in Group B Streptococcus Isolated From Invasive and Noninvasive Adult Cases in Daejeon, South Korea.","authors":"Myoung-Schook Yoou, Ji Hun Jeong, Chunhwa Ihm","doi":"10.1155/cjid/8797954","DOIUrl":"10.1155/cjid/8797954","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> This study aims to determine the molecular features and antimicrobial resistance of <i>Streptococcus agalactiae</i> (Group B streptococcus, GBS) causing invasive and noninvasive infections in Korean adults. <b>Methods:</b> Sequence type (ST), capsular serotype, pilus island typing, and antimicrobial susceptibility were analyzed for GBS isolates obtained at a hospital laboratory that processed the primary clinical specimens collected from Korean adults between 2021 and 2024. <b>Results:</b> Among the 90 isolates, Serotype VIII (34.4%) was the most common, followed by V (17.8%), Ia (12.2%), VI (11.1%), II (10.0%), and Ib (6.7%). Every isolate contained at least one PI gene, of which PI2a (37.8%) was the most frequently observed combination. The combination of PI1 and PI2b was present in 34.4% of isolates, followed by PI1 and PI2a (24.4%) and PI2b alone (3.3%). Among the 18 STs identified, the capsular serotype VIII/ST2-clonal complex 1 (CC1) was dominant (34.4%), followed by V or VI/ST1 (12.2%). All isolates were susceptible to both ampicillin and vancomycin, while antibiotic resistances were observed for erythromycin (27.8%), levofloxacin (13.3%), clindamycin (25.6%), and tetracycline (47.8%), respectively. <b>Conclusions:</b> These data are key elements to help design prevention and treatment strategies for GBS infection in Korean adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"8797954"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12413282/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145016578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of <i>Cyclospora cayetanensis</i> in Immunocompromised Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Ali Ghorbani, Rostam Menati, Farshad Kakian, Ali Pouryousef, Asma Mousivand, Kambiz Karimi, Farajolah Maleki, Ali Asghari, Jalil Feizi","doi":"10.1155/cjid/8837624","DOIUrl":"10.1155/cjid/8837624","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> <i>Cyclospora cayetanensis</i>, an opportunistic protozoan parasite, poses significant risks to immunocompromised patients, including those with cancer, transplants, or on hemodialysis. The aim of this study was to determine the pooled prevalence of <i>C. cayetanensis</i> in immunocompromised individuals (cancer, transplant, and hemodialysis) and assess the associated risk factors compared to nonimmunocompromised controls. <b>Methods:</b> A comprehensive search of international databases was conducted for studies published up to October 18, 2024, focusing on cross-sectional and case-control studies that reported <i>Cyclospora cayetanensis</i> prevalence in immunocompromised patients. Comprehensive meta-analysis (CMA) software was used to calculate pooled prevalence and odds ratios (ORs), with random-effects models applied to account for heterogeneity based on statistical thresholds. Sensitivity analysis was performed to assess the robustness of pooled prevalence and weighted ORs. Meta-regression analysis was used to evaluate associations between prevalence and variables such as publication year, sample size, and the Human Development Index (HDI). Subgroup analyses were conducted based on geographical regions, publication years, sample sizes, HDI values, income levels, and patient types. This systematic review included 19 studies/22 datasets, comprising 2084 immunocompromised patients and 954 controls across eight countries. <b>Results:</b> The pooled prevalence of <i>C. cayetanensis</i> in immunocompromised patients was 4% (95% CI: 2.1%-7.2%), significantly higher than the 1.2% (95% CI: 0.4%-3.4%) in controls, resulting in an OR of 5.4 (95% CI: 2.6-10.8, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Transplant recipients exhibited the highest pooled prevalence of <i>C. cayetanensis</i> at 5%, indicating the importance of targeted screening and preventive measures for this high-risk group. <b>Conclusions:</b> Despite the relatively low pooled prevalence of <i>C. cayetanensis</i> infection in immunocompromised patients, its notable occurrence compared to controls and its opportunistic nature underscore the need for enhanced surveillance and targeted prevention strategies, especially in high-risk populations and regions with higher exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"8837624"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12411048/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145016586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 Incidence and Factors Influencing Infection Risk Among People Living With HIV in Türkiye: Is Current Issue the Vaccine Hesitancy-Opposition?","authors":"Asuman Inan, Orcun Barkay, Arda Karapınar, Fatma Yılmaz-Karadag, Selman Aktas, Sibel Bolukcu","doi":"10.1155/cjid/6767853","DOIUrl":"10.1155/cjid/6767853","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> As the Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic intersects with the ongoing Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) crisis, concerns have emerged regarding the susceptibility of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH) to severe outcomes from COVID-19. Despite global efforts to understand the interplay between HIV/AIDS and COVID-19, research on this issue remains limited in Türkiye. This study investigates the incidence of COVID-19 among PLWH in Türkiye and factors influencing infection risk. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> An online survey, conducted from April to June 2023, assessed COVID-19 frequency and risk factors among PLWH aged 18 years and older in Türkiye. Demographic data such as age, gender, educational background, underlying health conditions, vaccination status, and COVID-19 infection history were collected from individuals who voluntarily participated. <b>Results:</b> A total of 354 PLWH from 38 cities in Türkiye participated in the study. The median age was 35.8 (range 18-76); 78% were male and 65.5% were university graduates. The rate of experienced COVID-19 among PLWH was 44.6%. Logistic regression analysis revealed that vaccinated individuals had an 84% lower risk of contracting COVID-19 among PLWH. In sum, 80 participants were not vaccinated in this study; of them, 27.5% identified as vaccine opponents and 25% expressed vaccine hesitancy. <b>Discussion:</b> These findings suggest that vaccination status is the key determinant of COVID-19 susceptibility among young and well-educated PLWH in Türkiye. The notable level of vaccine hesitancy and opposition of PLWH highlights the need for public health initiatives aimed at addressing misinformation and enhancing vaccine confidence. <b>Conclusion:</b> This study underscores the urgent need to address vaccine hesitancy and vaccine opposition among educated PLWH in Türkiye. Amid evolving SARS-CoV-2 variants, vaccination remains paramount in mitigating COVID-19 risks among PLWH. Further research should delve deeper into demographic-specific vaccine concerns to optimize public health strategies and meet the unique needs of PLWH communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"6767853"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12377954/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144977442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Undiagnosed Pulmonary Tuberculosis Among Incarcerated Individuals and Its Overlooked Transmission Risk for the Community in Central Ethiopia.","authors":"Tedegn Teketel, Feleke Doyore Agide, Yohannes Yirga, Tadesse Hamdalla, Gizachew Beykaso","doi":"10.1155/cjid/4170420","DOIUrl":"10.1155/cjid/4170420","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health problem globally, particularly in resource-limited settings where deprived ventilation, overcrowding, and limited healthcare services. Incarcerated individuals are among vulnerable populations disproportionately affected by TB due to confined living conditions and delayed diagnosis. In Ethiopia, the prison setting provides an environment favorable to the rapid spread of TB and a threat to the outside community. Thus, this study aims to determine the prevalence of undiagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and its predictors among incarcerated individuals in Central Ethiopia. <b>Methods:</b> A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from September to December 2023 among 363 selected incarcerated individuals in Central Ethiopia. Sociodemographic, clinical, and other risk-related data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Sputum samples were collected from incarcerated individuals with clinical symptoms of cough for two or more weeks and processed using GeneXpert MTB/RIF. The study was not formally powered to detect specific odds ratios for risk factor analysis; therefore, the associated predictors were explored through multivariable analysis and interpreted cautiously. <b>Results:</b> In 3802 total incarcerated individuals in the region's prisons, 363 (9.5%) with clinical symptoms and 13 (0.34%) already on anti-TB treatment were identified. Among these 363 (9.5%) with clinical symptoms, 35 (9.64%) previously undiagnosed PTB cases were detected. Hence, the point prevalence of undiagnosed PTB among incarcerated individuals was 0.92% or 920 per 100,000 population (95% CI: 830-998/100,000), which is about 7.7 times higher than Ethiopia's general population (119/100,000). This previously undiagnosed PTB was associated with incarcerated individuals who had smoking, increased age, contact with coughing/TB patients, chronic illness comorbidity, overcrowding, and low BMI. <b>Conclusion:</b> This study revealed a high point prevalence of undiagnosed PTB among incarcerated individuals. This mightily highlights that prisons are explicitly taken as a risky place for the transmission of PTB. Routine TB screening during prison entrance and periodical active case finding are highly recommended to identify missing people with TB who have a high spreading. After diagnosis, early treatment must be implemented to limit further transmission to incarcerated individuals and the surrounding community.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"4170420"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12360879/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144884240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Real-World Effectiveness of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis in Adults in Alberta, Canada: A Retrospective Population-Based Cohort Study.","authors":"Elissa Rennert May, Mu Lin, Shannon L Turvey, Derek S Chew, Marcello Tonelli, Scott Klarenbach, Neesh Pannu, Emily Christie, Stephanie Thompson, Aminu Bello, Darren Lau, Caley B Shukalek, Raynell Lang, David Collister","doi":"10.1155/cjid/9340622","DOIUrl":"10.1155/cjid/9340622","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> In clinical trials, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) or tenofovir alafenamide-emtricitabine (TAF/FTC) is up to 99% efficacious in preventing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The real-world effectiveness of PrEP has not been extensively evaluated in Canada. <b>Methods:</b> This population-based cohort included adults without HIV as determined by viral serology and ICD-9/ICD-10 codes from Alberta with ≥ 3 months of PrEP prescriptions. It used provincial administrative data. Patients were followed from their first PrEP prescription until diagnosed HIV infection or censoring. Cox proportional hazard models were used to identify independent predictors of HIV infection. <b>Results:</b> A total of 4750 adults with a mean (SD) age of 35.9 (11) years of which 8% were female were prescribed PrEP including TDF/FTC (97.5%) or TAF/FTC (2.5%). There were 335 HIV infections (92.9% effectiveness) over median cohort follow-up of 1.0 years (IQR 1.9) with 4.89 (95% CI 4.38, 5.44) HIV infections per 100 patient years. Age (HR 1.04, 95% CI 1.03-1.05 per 1 year increase), male sex (HR 0.34, 95% CI 0.27-0.44), CKD Stage G3 (HR 2.39, 95% CI 1.82, 3.14), SES (4th and 5th quintiles versus 1st quintile), drug use (HR 2.11, 95% 1.45, 3.08), and history of STI (HR 0.45, 95% CI 0.29, 0.72) were independent predictors of HIV infection. The HIV incidence decreased to 1.5 (95% CI 1.2, 1.8) and 0.6 (95% CI 0.4, 0.9) per 100 patient years in cohorts with negative baseline HIV serology with 180 and 30 days prior to index PrEP prescription. <b>Conclusion:</b> HIV PrEP appears to be effective for preventing HIV infection in this real-world population-based study in Alberta, Canada. Strategies to mitigate residual HIV risk in PrEP users are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"9340622"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12358228/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144884239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Craniofacial Involvement of Mucormycosis: A Single-Center Experience of 57 Cases From Shiraz, Iran.","authors":"Darioush Naddaffard, Omid Yousefi, Amirmohammad Farrokhi, Maryam Adel, Mahtab Jalali, Mina Yousefi, Reza Jalli, Reza Taheri, Mohammad Sadegh Masoudi","doi":"10.1155/cjid/4780569","DOIUrl":"10.1155/cjid/4780569","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> The incidence of mucormycosis surged significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), a history of corticosteroid use, or immunosuppression. In Iran, the heightened prevalence of this opportunistic fungal infection underscored the critical importance of timely and comprehensive treatment, encompassing both medical and surgical approaches. <b>Methods and Material:</b> This article aims to analyze the characteristics, clinical presentations, and treatment regimens of mucormycosis patients in Iran. Data from 57 patients referred to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, all with confirmed pathological cultures, were evaluated. <b>Results:</b> Among these patients, 74% had pre-existing DM, and the most common symptom was periorbital edema (46%), followed by decreased visual acuity (28%). Amphotericin B was administered to 93% of the patients, while 75% received posaconazole. Surgical intervention was performed in 86% of the cases, primarily through functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) (61%). Despite these efforts, the overall mortality rate was 26%. <b>Conclusion:</b> Mucormycosis emerged as a serious complication of COVID-19 in Iran. Therefore, clinicians should include it in the differential diagnosis, particularly for patients with comorbidities or a history of antibiotic or corticosteroid use, and promptly initiate antifungal treatment and surgical intervention during potential future outbreaks.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"4780569"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12328050/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144796013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Factors for Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Carriers in the Intensive Care Unit: A Single-Center, Retrospective Cohort Study in Japan.","authors":"Hisato Yoshida, Masayuki Nigo, Kyoko Hisada, Takahiro Tokunaga, Shinpei Matsuda, Hitoshi Tsukamoto, Koji Hosokawa, Ippei Sakamaki, Hitoshi Yoshimura, Hiromichi Iwasaki","doi":"10.1155/cjid/5747507","DOIUrl":"10.1155/cjid/5747507","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) is a common pathogen in the intensive care unit (ICU). Active surveillance cultures (ASCs) for MRSA are often performed in ICUs; however, they may not be optimal in ICUs with a low MRSA prevalence. This study aims to determine the risk factors of MRSA carriage in the ICU and develop a clinical predictive model to optimize the screening process. <b>Methods:</b> All patients who were admitted to the ICU between April 2015 and August 2022 were retrospectively included in this study. At the time of ICU admission, all patients underwent MRSA screening using nasal ASCs. Based on the screening results, patients were categorized into MRSA-positive and MRSA-negative groups. Patients' characteristics were evaluated to determine the prevalence of MRSA and the risk factors. Cost analysis was conducted based on the risk factors identified by our analysis. <b>Results:</b> Of the 3927 ICU patients included, 133 (3.4%) were MRSA-positive. Multivariate analyses showed that risk factors for MRSA carriage were age ≥ 50 years (odds ratio [OR]: 2.11), history of hospitalization within a year (OR: 1.50), and ICD-10 codes classification I, IV, and XII (OR: 4.98). Screening patients based on at least one of the risk factors exhibited high sensitivity (96.9%) to identifying MRSA carriage and could reduce ASC overall costs by 10.9%, equivalent to $4686. <b>Conclusion:</b> This study suggests that universal ASCs to detect MRSA may not be optimal in ICU settings with a low prevalence of MRSA. Targeted screening based on risk factors may reduce the volume and cost of MRSA screening. Prospective multicenter studies are warranted to validate these findings and to assess the generalizability of the proposed screening strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"5747507"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12321437/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144785879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Burden of Thromboembolic Complications in Outpatient COVID-19 Cases: A Focused Study on Patients Followed in Primary Care.","authors":"Buğu Usanma Koban, Özla Çelik, Ülkü Sur Ünal, Arzu Uzuner","doi":"10.1155/cjid/7242450","DOIUrl":"10.1155/cjid/7242450","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Thromboembolic complications are frequently observed in patients with COVID-19 infection, particularly among those admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Moreover, COVID-19 infections today are mostly characterized by mild symptoms and are managed primarily in primary care settings, resulting in limited literature data on thromboembolic complications in this patient group. This study aims to investigate thrombotic event risks and associated factors in the outpatient population. <b>Methods:</b> All outpatient COVID-19 cases managed at two family health centers in Istanbul between June 2020 and December 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were contacted and informed about the study. Sociodemographic and clinical data were obtained from family health center records, and information on thrombotic events was extracted from hospital discharge summaries. Fisher's exact test and logistic regression were used for analysis. <b>Results:</b> A total of 961 patients were included in the study, of whom, 519 (54%) were female and 442 (46%) were male. The mean age was 41 years (range: 18-97). Thromboembolic events occurred in 4 patients (0.42%) within the first 6 months following COVID-19 infection. Logistic regression analysis identified the use of antacid medications (<i>p</i>=0.01) and the presence of hematological disorders (<i>p</i>=0.03) as significant risk factors. <b>Conclusion:</b> Thromboembolic events may occur even in mild-to-moderate outpatient COVID-19 cases within six months following the infection. Risk assessments focusing on comorbidities and medication use should be performed during outpatient follow-up. Due to the small number of thromboembolic events in this study, the findings should be considered preliminary and interpreted with caution. <b>Trial Registration:</b> ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT06695377.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"7242450"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12313368/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144762217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Expression of Virulence Factors of <i>V. cholerae</i> After Interaction With the Human Colon Adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) Cell Line.","authors":"Mohammadreza Kheradmand, Masoumeh Saberpour, Bita Bakhshi, Mahboube Bahroudi","doi":"10.1155/cjid/9936375","DOIUrl":"10.1155/cjid/9936375","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cholera remains a global challenge, and understanding how <i>V</i>. <i>cholerae</i> adapts to environmental condition is essential for innovating new management strategies. This research aims to examine the expression of <i>ctxAB</i>, <i>tcpA</i>, and <i>hlyA</i> genes in <i>V</i>. <i>cholerae</i> (El Tor and classical biotypes) after interaction with Caco-2 cells compared to brain heart infusion (BHI) broth. After assaying of viability of Caco-2 cells against <i>V</i>. <i>cholerae</i> at multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 10, 20, 50, and 80, the number of bacteria attached to Caco-2 cells was determined using the adhesion assay. To conduct a valid comparison, an equivalent number of bacteria that attached to Caco-2 cells was inoculated into BHI broth. The expression of <i>ctxAB</i>, <i>tcpA</i>, and <i>hlyA</i> genes in <i>V</i>. <i>cholerae</i> (El Tor and classical biotypes) was assayed using the real-time PCR method. After interaction of Caco-2 cells with <i>V</i>. <i>cholerae</i>, the expression of the genes <i>ctxAB</i>, <i>tcpA</i>, and <i>hlyA</i> in the El Tor biotype increased by 2-, 1.02-, and 7-fold, respectively, while in the classical biotype, it increased by 6-, 2-, and 13-fold, respectively. The expression of the genes <i>ctxAB</i> and <i>hlyA</i> was significantly increased in Caco-2 cells in both biotypes. There was a significant increase in the expression of the gene <i>tcpA</i> in the classical biotype, while no significant increase was detected in the expression of this gene in the El Tor biotype. Caco-2 cells induced the highest increase in <i>hlyA</i> gene expression in the classical biotype, while there was no significant effect on <i>tcpA</i> gene expression in the El Tor biotype of <i>V</i>. <i>cholerae</i>. In conclusion, <i>V</i>. <i>cholerae</i> showed greater pathogenicity in the Caco-2 cells. Knowing the behavior of <i>V</i>. <i>cholerae</i> in different conditions can lead to create innovative strategies for combating and managing cholera.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"9936375"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12307073/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144745823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}