Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Methicillin-Resistant and Biofilm-Producing <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> in Nasal Carriage among Health Care Workers and Medical Students.","authors":"Bhuvan Saud,&nbsp;Gita Khatri,&nbsp;Neetu Amatya,&nbsp;Govinda Paudel,&nbsp;Vikram Shrestha","doi":"10.1155/2023/8424486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8424486","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global threat. It has been portrayed as a slow tsunami. Multidrug resistance and extensive drug resistance exacerbate the already-existing AMR problem. The aim of the study was to access the colonization of methicillin-resistant and biofilm-producing <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> among healthcare workers (HCWs) and medical students (MSs). A cross-sectional study was designed. A total of 352 participants (176 were HCWs and 176 were MSs) were enrolled from different hospitals and medical colleges in Kathmandu, Nepal. Nasal cavity swab samples were collected and inoculated on Mannitol salt agar at standard in-vitro environmental conditions. Isolates were identified based on colony characteristics, staining properties, and biochemical tests. Identified isolates were tested for antibiotic susceptibility and biofilm production. Out of 352 participants, 65.3% were <i>S. aureus</i> carriers; among the carriers, 52.2% were HCWs and 47.8% were MSs. Of the total isolates, 47.4% isolates were methicillin-resistant <i>S. aureus</i> (MRSA) and 73.9% isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Among MDR isolates, out of 109 MRSA isolates, 86.2% were MDR and out of 121 MSSA isolates, 62.8% were MDR where isolates were mainly resistant to erythromycin. In addition, 68.7% isolates were biofilm-forming; the results were similar in both MRSA and MSSA. Variables such as profession and educational level showed statistical significance (<i>p</i> < 0.05) with MRSA, MSSA, and biofilm producers. In conclusion, asymptomatic colonization of healthcare workers by drug-resistant <i>S. aureus</i> is increasing at alarming rates. This reflects the lack of proper hygiene practice as well as improper disinfection of workplace of study population.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2023 ","pages":"8424486"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9833899/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10536372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiofilm Activity and Synergistic Effects of Thymol-Loaded Poly (Lactic-Co-Glycolic Acid) Nanoparticles with Amikacin against Four <i>Salmonella enterica</i> Serovars.","authors":"Christian Ramsès Kuaté Tokam,&nbsp;Borel Bisso Ndezo,&nbsp;Nathalie Boulens,&nbsp;Eric Allémann,&nbsp;Florence Delie,&nbsp;Jean Paul Dzoyem","doi":"10.1155/2023/7274309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/7274309","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Salmonella species are frequently linked to biofilm-associated infections. Biofilm formation intensively reduces the efficacy of antibiotics and the host immune system. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies are needed. Thymol, the main monoterpene phenol found in <i>Thymus vulgaris</i>, has been shown to possess potent antibiofilm activity. Our previous findings showed that thymol enhanced the antibiofilm activity of aminoglycosides against <i>Salmonella enterica</i> serovars. However, the clinical potential of thymol has not yet been realized due to its low aqueous solubility and high volatility. Nano-based drug delivery systems have emerged as a novel strategy to resolve these problems. This study aimed to investigate the antibiofilm activity of thymol-loaded poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (TH-NPs) and their synergism when used in combination with amikacin antibiotics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The antibacterial activity of TH-NPs was evaluated using the broth microdilution method. Biofilm formation and antibiofilm assays were performed by the miniaturized microtiter plate method. Interaction studies between TH-NPs and amikacin against biofilm were determined using the checkerboard method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>TH-NPs exhibited antibacterial activity against planktonic cells of <i>S. enterica</i> serovars that were more efficient (8 to 32 times) than free thymol alone. <i>S.</i> Typhimurium and <i>S.</i> Choleraesuis isolates were considered strong biofilm producers. The combination of TH-NPs with amikacin showed synergistic activity in the inhibition and eradication of <i>S. enterica</i> serovar biofilm. The minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) and minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) of amikacin were reduced by 32 to 128-fold when used in combination with TH-NPs. Time-kill kinetic studies showed that the combination of TH-NPs with amikacin possesses bactericidal action.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study suggests that the combination of TH-NPs with amikacin can be an alternative to overcome biofilm-associated<i>Salmonella</i> diseases and therefore should be further explored as a model to search for new antibiofilm drugs.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2023 ","pages":"7274309"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9870694/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10677159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analyzing Trends in Demographic, Laboratory, Imaging, and Clinical Outcomes of ICU-Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients.","authors":"Mohsen Gholinataj Jelodar,&nbsp;Shahab Rafieian,&nbsp;Azadeh Allah Dini,&nbsp;Fatemeh Khalaj,&nbsp;Samira Zare,&nbsp;Hanieh Dehghanpour,&nbsp;Samaneh Mirzaei","doi":"10.1155/2023/3081660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/3081660","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>COVID-19 has led to significant hospitalization and intensive care unit admission rates. The demographic parameters of COVID-19 patients, such as age, underlying illnesses, and clinical symptoms, substantially influence the incidence and mortality of these individuals. The current study examined the clinical and demographic characteristics of COVID-19 intensive care unit (ICU) patients in Yazd, Iran.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on ICU patients with a positive RT-PCR test for coronavirus, admitted to the ICU in Yazd province, Iran, over 18 months. To this end, demographic, clinical, laboratory, and imaging data were collected. Moreover, patients were divided into good and worse clinical outcome groups based on their clinical outcomes. Subsequently, data analysis was performed at a 95% confidence interval (CI) using SPSS 26 software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>391 patients with positive PCR were analyzed. The average age of the patients in the study was 63.59 ± 17.76, where 57.3% were male. On the high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scan, the mean lung involvement score was 14.03 ± 6.04, where alveolar consolidation (34%) and ground-glass opacity (25.6%) were the most prevalent type of lung involvement. The most common underlying illnesses in the study participants were hypertension (HTN) (41.4%), diabetes mellitus (DM) (39.9%), ischemic heart disease (IHD) (21%), and chronic kidney disease (CKD) (20.7%). In hospitalized patients, the rates of endotracheal intubation and mortality were 38.9% and 38.1%, respectively. Age, DM, HTN, dyslipidemia, CKD, cerebral vascular accident (CVA), cerebral hemorrhage, and cancer were reported to be significantly different between these two groups of patients, indicating an increase in the rate of intubation and mortality among these patients. Furthermore, the multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that DM, HTN, CKD, CVA, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), the percentage of lung involvement, and initial O₂ saturation significantly increase the mortality of ICU patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Several features of COVID-19 patients influence the mortality in these individuals. According to the findings, early detection of this disease in people at high risk of death can prevent its progression and lower mortality rates.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2023 ","pages":"3081660"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10241583/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9963414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of <i>Shigella</i> Species among Children under Five Years of Age with Diarrhea in Selected Health Centers, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.","authors":"Basha Ayele,&nbsp;Zeleke Mekonnen,&nbsp;Tesfaye Sisay Tessema,&nbsp;Etsehiwot Adamu,&nbsp;Estifanos Tsige,&nbsp;Getenet Beyene","doi":"10.1155/2023/5379881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/5379881","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Shigella</i> and parasitic infections are common public health problems throughout the world. Shigellosis is an acute gastroenteritis infection and one of Ethiopia's most common causes of morbidity and mortality, especially in children under five. High resistance rates to commonly used antibiotic agents have been documented in different locations in Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to characterize the antimicrobial features of the <i>Shigella</i> species isolated from children under five years of age with acute diarrhea in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using a cross-sectional study, freshly passed fecal specimens were collected for intestinal parasite and bacterial isolation. Fecal samples for bacterial identification were placed immediately in Cary-Blair media and transported to the Ethiopian Public Health Institution (EPHI) laboratory. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AMST) was conducted using the disk diffusion method. Data were described using descriptive statistical tools. The association of independent and dependent variables was evaluated with logistic regression. A <i>P</i> value ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of intestinal parasites was 8.2% with seven different species. Among the 534 stool-cultured specimens, 47 (8.8%) were positive for <i>Shigella</i> species. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AMST) showed that 100%, 93.6%, 80.9%, 72.3%, and 57.5% were susceptible to norfloxacin, nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, and cefoxitin, respectively. However, 100% of the isolates were resistant to amoxicillin and erythromycin. More than 50% of the isolates were resistant to three and above antibiotics, while none of them were susceptible to all the antibiotics tested. All risk factors assessed did not show a statistically significant association with <i>Shigella</i> infection.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The high levels of antibiotic resistance observed among the commonly prescribed antibiotics are alarming. The emerging resistance to ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid signals a severe public health threat in the management of shigellosis. Raising awareness about resistance and educating health professionals, policymakers, and the public can help improve the quality of patient care and rational antibiotic use.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2023 ","pages":"5379881"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10435301/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10051617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Characterization and Epidemiology of Carbapenem-Resistant <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> Isolated from Pediatric Patients in Guangzhou, Southern China.","authors":"Fei Gao,&nbsp;Zhile Xiong,&nbsp;Bingshao Liang,&nbsp;Zhenting Huang,&nbsp;Qiulian Deng,&nbsp;Jielin Wang,&nbsp;Huamin Zhong,&nbsp;Yan Long,&nbsp;Sufei Zhu","doi":"10.1155/2023/4762143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/4762143","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Carbapenem-resistant <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> (CRE) are spreading worldwide, posing a serious public health concern. However, the data on CRE strains that cause infections in children in Guangzhou remain limited. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the epidemiology of CRE, drug resistance, and resistance mechanisms in children in Guangzhou, Southern China.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In total, 54 nonrepetitive CRE strains were collected in pediatric patients at three centers in Guangzhou, Southern China, from January 2016 to August 2018. CRE isolates were used for further studies on antimicrobial susceptibility, the modified Hodge test (MHT), the modified carbapenem inactivation method (mCIM), and drug resistance genes. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was used to elucidate the molecular epidemiology of <i>K. pneumoniae</i>.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The isolated CRE strains include 34 <i>K. pneumoniae</i> (63.0%), 10 <i>E. coli</i> (18.5%), 4 <i>Enterobacter cloacae</i> (7.4%), and 6 <i>Proteus mirabilis</i> (11.1%) strains. The strains were isolated mainly from the blood (31.5%, <i>n</i> = 17), sputum (31.5%, <i>n</i> = 17), and urine (16.7%, <i>n</i> = 9). All CRE isolates were highly resistant to the third- or fourth-generation cephalosporins, carbapenems, and <i>β</i>-lactam + <i>β</i>-lactamase inhibitors (94.4%-96.3%). In addition, the resistance rates to amikacin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, tigecycline, and colistin were 5.6%, 14.8%, 16.7%, 9.3%, and 0%, respectively. Carbapenemase was detected in 35 (64.8%) of the CRE isolates. The most dominant carbapenemase gene was <i>bla</i> _<i>NDM</i> (<i>n</i> = 17, 48.6%), followed by <i>bla</i> _<i>IMP</i> (<i>n</i> = 13, 37.1%) and <i>bla</i> _{<i>OXA</i>-23} (<i>n</i> = 4, 11.4%). Other carbapenemase genes (<i>bla</i> _KPC, <i>bla</i> _sim, <i>bla</i> _Aim, <i>bla</i> _GES, <i>bla</i> _Gim, <i>bla</i> _<i>OXA-2</i> , and <i>bla</i> _{<i>OXA-48</i>} ) and the <i>mcr</i>-1 gene were not detected. MLST analysis showed high diversity among the <i>K. pneumoniae</i>, and ST45 (11.7%, 4/34) was the dominant sequence type.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study revealed <i>bla</i> _NDM was the most dominant carbapenemase gene in children in Guangzhou. Infection control measures need to be taken for the prevention and treatment of CRE infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2023 ","pages":"4762143"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9902145/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10681654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Associated with Medication Adherence in Elderly Individuals with Tuberculosis: A Qualitative Study.","authors":"Somayeh Hassani,&nbsp;Farahnaz Mohammadi Shahboulagi,&nbsp;Mahshid Foroughan,&nbsp;Seyed Alireza Nadji,&nbsp;Payam Tabarsi,&nbsp;Gholamreza Ghaedamini Harouni","doi":"10.1155/2023/4056548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/4056548","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Methods: </strong>This qualitative study was conducted in two phases, using an integrative literature review and individual interviews. Studies were gathered without time restriction from MEDLINE databases, Institute for Scientific Information (ISI), Google Scholar, Scopus, and EMBASE, as well as national databases, including Scientific Information Database and Magiran. The findings of 38 studies that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed through the conventional content analysis method based on the ecological approach. After reviewing and forming the data matrix, purposive sampling was performed among healthcare professionals, elderly tuberculosis patients aged 60 and over, and family caregivers of elderly patients to conduct individual interviews. Data obtained from 20 interviews were analyzed using the directed content analysis method. After coding, the data from individual interviews were entered based on similarity and difference in the categories of data matrix obtained from the literature review.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In general, the aforementioned codes were placed in four main categories, including individual factors (i.e., biological factors, affective-emotional factors, behavioral factors, cognitive factors, tuberculosis-related factors, and economic factors), interpersonal factors (i.e., patient's relationship with treatment team and family-related factors), factors related to healthcare service provider centers (i.e., medical centers' facilities and capacity building in healthcare service provider), and extraorganizational factors (i.e., social factors and health policymaking).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of this study showed that medication adherence in elderly patients with tuberculosis was a complex and multidimensional phenomenon. Therefore, society, policymakers, and healthcare providers should scrutinize the factors affecting medication adherence in this group of patients to plan and implement more effective interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2023 ","pages":"4056548"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10017217/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9152987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influence of Media Information Sources on Preventive Behaviors in China: After the Outbreak of COVID-19 Pandemic.","authors":"Hongxiu Li,&nbsp;Li Pan,&nbsp;Weilu Chen","doi":"10.1155/2023/4941436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/4941436","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>As announced by the World Health Organization (WHO), since March 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has become a global pandemic. In order to prevent the spread of COVID-19, Chinese government carried out very strict prevention and control policy.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study aimed to explore the effect of news reports on COVID-19 vaccine from traditional media and social media on COVID-19 preventive behaviors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adults aged between 18 and 58 years old completed an online survey reporting how they gathered media information sources regarding the COVID-19 vaccine, as well as any details relating to risk perception, vaccine efficacy, and preventive behaviors in COVID-19 pandemic.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our results showed that traditional and social media information sources both significantly and positively influenced people's COVID-19 preventive behaviors, with the former showing a stronger effect. COVID-19 contact risk perception and vaccine efficacy awareness of media audiences partly mediate this relationship. Audiences who reported more exposing news reports on COVID-19 vaccine from the media show stronger risk perception and vaccine efficacy awareness. This increases their COVID-19 preventive behaviors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study found that media information sources have an important impact on people's COVID-19 preventive behaviors. People believe more in the news information of the mainstream media about the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, much of the news information of social media is also from the important mainstream media. Media organizations should shoulder greater social responsibility, embed the health-related benefits of COVID-19 vaccination into the values and cultural order of the whole society, find and shape a common space of meaning, and produce forms of internal coupling and value identification.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2023 ","pages":"4941436"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10118894/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9381328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Sexually Transmitted Blood-Borne Infections among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care in Jirapa, Upper West Region of Ghana.","authors":"Eugene D Kuugbee,&nbsp;Gloria Maaldu,&nbsp;Aseta Adamu,&nbsp;Nafisa Salia,&nbsp;Williams Walana,&nbsp;Sylvanus Kampo,&nbsp;Ezekiel K Vicar,&nbsp;Juventus B Ziem","doi":"10.1155/2023/3157202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/3157202","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sexually transmitted blood-borne infections (STBBIs) contribute to negative outcomes of pregnancy. Hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and syphilis infections in pregnancy contribute significantly to maternal and child morbidities and mortalities. This study assessed the prevalence, knowledge, and risk factors of STBBIs (HBV, HCV, HIV, and syphilis) among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Jirapa.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study design involving 246 pregnant women was employed for the study. A structured questionnaire was used to solicit information about the knowledge, prevalence, and risk factors of STBBIs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall prevalence of STBBIs was 11.4%; HBV prevalence was 9.8% and 0.8% each for HCV, HIV, and syphilis. About 66% of mothers were aware of mother-to-child transmission of infections during pregnancy. Knowledge of transmission of HIV (93.9%), hepatitis (67.1%), and syphilis (53.7%) in pregnancy was relatively high. Knowledge of risk factors for HIV, hepatitis, and syphilis was 97.6%, 74.4%, and 76.0%, respectively. More than 98% of respondents knew about the prevention of HIV, hepatitis, and syphilis. Significant risk factors associated with and predictive of STBBIs were female genital mutilation (FGM) and gravidity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The occurrence of STBBIs among pregnant women was strongly associated with FGM and gravidity. Public health education should be directed at stopping the practice of FGM and improving reproductive health in the study area.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2023 ","pages":"3157202"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10164872/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9446599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Small Surge in Incidence of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant in the \"Dynamic Zero\" Period.","authors":"Xiaona Li,&nbsp;Ruili Li,&nbsp;Qiguo Lian,&nbsp;Yang Wang,&nbsp;Wenkui Gu,&nbsp;Qinghe Meng","doi":"10.1155/2023/5262117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/5262117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To describe the epidemiological characteristics and transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant during \"Dynamic Zero\" period, we analyzed data on the 108 laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 cases during 14 to 30 May 2022 in Beichen district, Tianjin, China. We collected information on demographic characteristics, exposure history, and illness timelines of the 108 cases. We described characteristics of the patients and estimated the key epidemiological parameters, including serial interval and the time-dependent reproduction number of the Omicron variant, Rt. Among the 108 laboratory-confirmed patients, the median age was 38 years old, and 50.9% were females. Obvious symptoms were observed among 67.6% (73/108) of all cases, and major clinical manifestations included fever, sore throat, and cough, which occurred in 31.5%, 26.9%, and 19.4% of the 108 cases, respectively. The mean and standard deviation of the SI were estimated as 2.89 and 0.95 days, the Rt varied from 1.24 to 0.27 for a 7-day timelapse. The low reproduction number and the Omicron outbreak being suppressed within a short time marked the effectiveness of the implemented public health measures, such as nucleic acid screening, social distancing, masking, vaccination, medical treatment of patients, and isolation of close contacts. These measures play an important role in fulfilling the goal of controlling the spread of the disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2023 ","pages":"5262117"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10027456/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9219751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Detection of Fosfomycin-Modifying Enzymes (fos) in Uropathogenic Enterobacterale, Azerbaijan, Iran.","authors":"Aidin Lalezadeh,&nbsp;Pardis Ghotaslou,&nbsp;Reza Ghotaslou","doi":"10.1155/2023/3766269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/3766269","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> is the most common agent of urinary tract infections (UTIs). Multidrug resistant (MDR) and XDR (extensively drug-resistant) Enterobacteriaceae in UTIs have increased in the world. The present study aimed to study the fosfomycin resistance frequency and the fosfomycin resistance genes among Enterobacteriaceae isolated from UTIs. The urine was collected and cultured in the standard protocol. To determine the susceptibility testing to fosfomycin in 211 isolates, agar dilution and disk agar diffusion methods were used. MDR was nonsusceptibility to at least one agent in three or more antimicrobial categories. The fosfomycin resistance genes were also evaluated by PCR. The frequency of resistance to fosfomycin was in 14 (6.6%) and 15 (7.1%) isolates by the disk agar diffusion and MIC assays, respectively. However, the MIC₅₀ and MIC₉₀ existed at 8 <i>μ</i>g/mL and 16 <i>μ</i>g/mL, respectively. The MDR was found in 80%. The frequencies of fosfomycin resistance genes were 5 (33.3%), 3 (20%), 2 (13.3%), 1 (6.6%), and 1 (6.6%) for fosC, fosX, fosA3, fosA, and fosB2, respectively. The fosB and fosC2 were not found. A low resistance rate to fosfomycin is observed. Fosfomycin is still one of the most effective and valuable alternative antibiotics against MDR <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> isolated from UTIs in our region.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2023 ","pages":"3766269"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10219773/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9545714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}