Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"A Community-Level Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice about Dengue Fever and the Identification of Mosquito Breeding Containers in Dire Dawa City of Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"T. Kebede, Bedasa Tesema, A. Mesfin, Dejene Getachew","doi":"10.1155/2023/4349078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/4349078","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Lately, dengue fever (DF) is an emerging viral disease, one of the top 10 threats to global health, causing 24 million–130 million symptomatic cases and 10,000–50,000 deaths yearly. DF threat has expanded beyond traditional areas of endemicity, with over 50% of the world population now estimated to live in areas at risk of dengue virus (DV) transmission. Hence, the current study aimed to assess the community’s knowledge, attitude, and practice about DF transmission and its prevention and to identify mosquito breeding containers in Dire Dawa City, Ethiopia. Methods. A household-based cross-sectional study was conducted from February to September 2022. A semistructured questionnaire was used to collect data. Immature stages of mosquitoes were collected from human habitations to identify their breeding containers. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. A \u0000 \u0000 p\u0000 \u0000 value of <0.05 was used to declare a significant association between variables at a 95% level of confidence. Results. About 95.1% of respondents had information about DF, where the majority (58.0%) heard from relatives, friends, and families and 43.3% from health professionals. Only 17.9% knew DF was caused by viruses. Around 83%, 79%, and 50.8% of respondents knew that fever, headache, and back pain are the sign and symptoms of DF, respectively. Sadly, only 4.2% knew that DF vectors bite during day time and 10.5% of respondents did not know DF transmission season. The majority (80.5%) of respondents knew that DF is a preventable disease. Totally, 6,853 water-holding containers were identified, out of this 77% were jerrycans and 14.1% were barreled. Out of the identified water-holding containers, 7.73% were positive for mosquito larvae/pupae. House index (HI), container index (CI), and Breteau index (BI) were 19.5, 8.38, and 45.14, respectively. Conclusion. The majority of the community members has no awareness of the DF vectors, time of bites, pick transmission season, and their protection mechanisms. The habit to store water in and around habitation was prevalent. Hence, programmed and institutionalized awareness is mandatory for the control and prevention of DF and its vectors and for breaking the transmission cycle in Dire Dawa communities.","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43340657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generalized Linear Regression Model to Determine the Threshold Effects of Climate Variables on Dengue Fever: A Case Study on Bangladesh","authors":"Shamima Hossain","doi":"10.1155/2023/2131801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/2131801","url":null,"abstract":"One of the leading causes of the increase in the intensity of dengue fever transmission is thought to be climate change. Examining panel data from January 2000 to December 2021, this study discovered the nonlinear relationship between climate variables and dengue fever cases in Bangladesh. To determine this relationship, in this study, the monthly total rainfall in different years has been divided into two thresholds: (90 to 360 mm) and (<90 or >360 mm), and the daily average temperature in different months of the different years has been divided into four thresholds: (16°C to ≤20°C), (>20°C to ≤25°C), (>25°C to ≤28°C), and (>28°C to ≤30°C). Then, quasi-Poisson and zero-inflated Poisson regression models were applied to assess the relationship. This study found a positive correlation between temperature and dengue incidence and furthermore discovered that, among those four average temperature thresholds, the total number of dengue cases is maximum if the average temperature falls into the threshold (>28°C to ≤30°C) and minimum if the average temperature falls into the threshold (16°C to ≤20°C). This study also discovered that between the two thresholds of monthly total rainfall, the risk of a dengue fever outbreak is approximately two times higher when the monthly total rainfall falls into the thresholds (90 mm to 360 mm) compared to the other threshold. This study concluded that dengue fever incidence rates would be significantly more affected by climate change in regions with warmer temperatures. The number of dengue cases rises rapidly when the temperature rises in the context of moderate to low rainfall. This study highlights the significance of establishing potential temperature and rainfall thresholds for using risk prediction and public health programs to prevent and control dengue fever.","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46138538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes and Its Predictors among Tuberculosis Patients Registered at Tefera Hailu Memorial General Hospital, Sekota Town, Northeast Ethiopia: A Seven-Year Retrospective Study.","authors":"Habtu Debash, Jemberu Nega, Habtye Bisetegn, Gebru Tesfaw, Daniel Getacher Feleke, Hussen Ebrahim, Alemu Gedefie, Mihret Tilahun, Ousman Mohammed, Ermiyas Alemayehu, Melaku Ashagrie Belete, Abdurahaman Seid, Agumas Shibabaw","doi":"10.1155/2023/4212312","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/4212312","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite the availability of effective medications, tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a serious global public health problem, primarily affecting low and middle-income nations. Measuring and reporting TB treatment outcomes and identifying associated factors are fundamental parts of TB treatment. The goal of this study was to look at the outcomes of TB treatment and the factors that influence them in Sekota, Northeast Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A facility-based retrospective study was conducted in Tefera Hailu Memorial General Hospital, Sekota town, Northeast Ethiopia. All TB patients who registered in the TB log book and had known treatment outcomes at the treatment center between January 1, 2015, and December 30, 2021, were included in this study. The data was gathered utilizing a pretested structured data extraction format that comprised demographic, clinical, and treatment outcome characteristics. Data were entered, cleaned, and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were employed. A <i>p</i> value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 552 registered TB patients' data were reviewed. Of these, 49.6% were male, 94.4% were new cases, 64.9% were presented with pulmonary TB, and 18.3% were HIV positive. Regarding the treatment outcome, 11.6% were cured, 82.2% completed their treatment, 1.1% had failed treatment, 1.3% were lost to follow-up, and the remaining 3.8% died during the follow-up. The overall treatment success rate among TB patients was 93.8%. The maximum number of successful treatment outcomes was 94.9% in 2021, while the lowest was 86.7% in 2020. The pattern of successful treatment results changes with the number of years of treatment. In the current study, being a new TB patient (AOR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.31-7.32) and being an HIV-negative patient (AOR = 2.64, 95% CI: 1.20-5.8) were factors independently associated with a successful treatment outcome.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The rate of successful TB treatment outcomes in the current study was satisfactory. This achievement should be maintained and enhanced further by developing effective monitoring systems and educating patients about medication adherence.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2023 ","pages":"4212312"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10010884/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9475725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring COVID-19 and Influenza: The Added Value of a Severe Acute Respiratory Infection Surveillance System in Portugal.","authors":"Ana Rita Torres, Verónica Gómez, Irina Kislaya, Ana Paula Rodrigues, Margarida Fernandes Tavares, Ana Catarina Pereira, Débora Pereira, Rita Côrte-Real, Carlos Humberto Flores, Nuno Verdasca, Raquel Guiomar, Ausenda Machado","doi":"10.1155/2023/6590011","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/6590011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) surveillance is recommended to assess the severity of respiratory infections disease. In 2021, the National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, in collaboration with two general hospitals, implemented a SARI sentinel surveillance system based on electronic health registries. We describe its application in the 2021/2022 season and compare the evolution of SARI cases with the COVID-19 and influenza activity in two regions of Portugal.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The main outcome of interest was the weekly incidence of patients hospitalized due to SARI, reported within the surveillance system. SARI cases were defined as patients containing ICD-10 codes for influenza-like illness, cardiovascular diagnosis, respiratory diagnosis, and respiratory infection in their primary admission diagnosis. Independent variables included weekly COVID-19 and influenza incidence in the North and Lisbon and Tagus Valley regions. Pearson and cross-correlations between SARI cases, COVID-19 incidence and influenza incidence were estimated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A high correlation between SARI cases or hospitalizations due to respiratory infection and COVID-19 incidence was obtained (<i>ρ</i> = 0.78 and <i>ρ</i> = 0.82, respectively). SARI cases detected the COVID-19 epidemic peak a week earlier. A weak correlation was observed between SARI and influenza cases (<i>ρ</i> = -0.20). However, if restricted to hospitalizations due to cardiovascular diagnosis, a moderate correlation was observed (<i>ρ</i> = 0.37). Moreover, hospitalizations due to cardiovascular diagnosis detected the increase of influenza epidemic activity a week earlier.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In the 2021/2022 season, the Portuguese SARI sentinel surveillance system pilot was able to early detect the COVID-19 epidemic peak and the increase of influenza activity. Although cardiovascular manifestations associated with influenza infection are known, more seasons of surveillance are needed, to confirm the potential use of cardiovascular hospitalizations as an indicator of influenza activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2023 ","pages":"6590011"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9950323/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10800477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coronavirus Infection in Neonates: Neurodevelopmental Outcomes at 18 Months of Age.","authors":"Mariam Ayed, Zainab Alsaffar, Zainab Bahzad, Yasmeen Buhamad, Ali Abdulkareem, Alaa AlQattan, Alia Embaireeg, Mais Kartam, Hessa Alkandari","doi":"10.1155/2023/6140085","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/6140085","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although most neonates with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection experience only mild disease, its impact on neurodevelopmental outcomes is unknown. This study aimed to assess the 18-month neurodevelopmental outcomes of infants who had SARS-CoV-2 infection as neonates.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The authors conducted a prospective cohort study of neonates diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection from June 2020 to December 2020 through nasopharyngeal coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A total of 58 neonates were identified from the Kuwait National COVID-19 Registry and enrolled. Historical controls were selected from the neonatal follow-up registry and matched in a 2 : 1 ratio based on sex and gestational age. When the subjects were 18 months of age, their neurodevelopmental outcomes were assessed by two trained assessors using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development-3rd Edition (BSID-III).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty children diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection were included in the final analysis. The median age at infection was 18 days (range: 10-26 days). Eighteen (45%) patients were asymptomatic, 15 (37.5%) had a sepsis-like presentation, 5 (12.5%) exhibited respiratory distress, and 2 (5%) had a multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C)-like presentation. At the 18 months follow-up, only one child showed a severe developmental delay and one child had a language delay. BSID-III outcomes did not differ significantly between the SARS-CoV-2-infected and control groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There was no difference in neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18 months in children infected with SARS-CoV-2 compared with controls, although longer neurodevelopmental follow-up studies are required.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2023 ","pages":"6140085"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9829449/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10578661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential Infectivity of Human Neural Cell Lines by a Dengue Virus Serotype-3 Genotype-III with a Distinct Nonstructural Protein 2A (NS2A) Amino Acid Substitution Isolated from the Cerebrospinal Fluid of a Dengue Encephalitis Patient.","authors":"Minh Huong Phu Ly,&nbsp;Co Thach Nguyen,&nbsp;Thanh Vu Nguyen,&nbsp;Thanh Thi Ngan Nguyen,&nbsp;Takeshi Nabeshima,&nbsp;Ferdinard Adungo,&nbsp;Yuki Takamatsu,&nbsp;Nguyen Tien Huy,&nbsp;Thi Quynh Mai Le,&nbsp;Kouichi Morita,&nbsp;Futoshi Hasebe,&nbsp;Meng Ling Moi","doi":"10.1155/2023/2635383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/2635383","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dengue encephalitis is considered as a severe but unusual clinical presentation of dengue infection. Limited molecular information is available on the neurotropism of dengue virus (DENV), highlighting the need for further research. During a dengue outbreak in Vietnam in 2013, two DENV-3 strains were isolated, in which one was isolated from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from a dengue encephalitis patient and another strain was isolated from a patient with classical dengue fever in Hai Phong, Vietnam. DENV serotype-3 (DENV-3) isolated from these samples belonged to genotype III, marking the first report of this genotype in the country at that time. Genetic variation between both strains was elucidated by using a full genome sequencing by next-generation sequencing (NGS). The infectivity of the isolated DENV-3 strains was further characterized using human and mouse neuronal cell lines. Phylogenetic analysis of the isolates demonstrated high homogeneity between the CSF-derived and serum-derived DENV-3, in which the full genome sequences of the CSF-derived DENV-3 presented a <i>Thr-1339-Ile</i> mutation in the nonstructural 2A (NS2A) protein. The CSF-derived DENV-3 isolate grew preferentially in human neuronal cells, with a significant proportion of cells that were positive for nonstructural 1 (NS1), nonstructural 4B (NS4B), and nonstructural 5 (NS5) antigens. These results suggest that NS2A may be a crucial region in the neuropathogenesis of DENV-3 and its growth in human neuronal cells. Taken together, our results demonstrate that a CSF-derived DENV-3 has unique infectivity characteristics for human neuronal cells, which might play a crucial role in the neuropathogenesis of DENV infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2023 ","pages":"2635383"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9873433/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10632828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression of Concern on \"The Comparative Analysis of Two RT-qPCR Kits for Detecting SARS-CoV-2 Reveals a Higher Risk of False-Negative Diagnosis in Samples with High Quantification Cycles for Viral and Internal Genes\".","authors":"Canadian Journal Of Infectious Diseases And Medical Microbiology","doi":"10.1155/2023/9798013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9798013","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p />","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2023 ","pages":"9798013"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9879669/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10582741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Perinatal Exposure to SARS-CoV-2 Infection on Early Health Outcomes among Infants Born from 2020 to 2021 in British Columbia, Canada.","authors":"Lindsay L Richter,&nbsp;Matthew S P Ho,&nbsp;Qian Zhang,&nbsp;Jeffrey N Bone,&nbsp;Elodie Portales-Casamar,&nbsp;Connie L Yang,&nbsp;Ashley Roberts,&nbsp;Kristopher Kang,&nbsp;Emily Kieran,&nbsp;Carol Lam,&nbsp;Sarka Lisonkova,&nbsp;Joseph Y Ting","doi":"10.1155/2023/9968774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9968774","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has impacted healthcare services and outcomes. We aimed to investigate healthcare resource utilization and early health outcomes of infants born to mothers with perinatal SARS-CoV-2 infection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included all infants born alive between February 1, 2020, and April 30, 2021, in British Columbia. We used linked provincial population-based databases including data on COVID-19 testing, birth, and health information for up to one year from birth. Perinatal COVID-19 exposure for infants was defined being born to mothers with a positive test for SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy or at delivery. Cases of COVID-19-exposed infants were matched with up to four non-exposed infants by birth month, sex, birthplace, and gestational age in weeks. Outcomes included hospitalizations, emergency department visits, and in-/outpatient diagnoses. Outcomes were compared between groups using conditional logistic regression and linear mixed effects models including effect modification by maternal residence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 52,711 live births, 484 infants had perinatal exposure to SARS-CoV-2, an incidence rate of 9.18 per 1000 live births. Exposed infants (54.6% male) had a mean gestational age of 38.5 weeks, and 99% were born in hospital. Proportions of infants requiring at least one hospitalization (8.1% vs. 5.1%) and at least one emergency department visit (16.9% vs. 12.9%) were higher among the exposed vs. unexposed infants, respectively. Among infants from the urban area, those with exposure were more likely to have respiratory infectious diseases (odds ratio: 1.74; 95% confidence intervals: 1.07, 2.84), compared with those without exposure. <i>Interpretation</i>. In our cohort, infants born to mothers with SARS-CoV-2 infection have increased healthcare demands in their early infancy, which warrants further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2023 ","pages":"9968774"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10181900/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9480772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of Virulence and Antibiotic-Resistance of <i>Bacillus cereus</i> Isolated from Various Spices.","authors":"Sahar Torki Baghbadorani,&nbsp;Ebrahim Rahimi,&nbsp;Amir Shakerian","doi":"10.1155/2023/8390778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8390778","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Spices and herbs are potential vectors for virulent and pathogenic micro-organisms, which cause illness in consumers, contribute to spoilage, and reduce the durability of foodstuffs. The present study aims to provide relevant data about virulence and antibiotic resistance of <i>Bacillus cereus</i> isolated from various spices. A total of 200 samples of 8 types of spices (black pepper, chilli, white pepper, cumin, cinnamon, turmeric, curry powder, and sumac) were collected from various markets, retail shops, and sucuk production premises located in the Isfahan province of Iran. Presumptive <i>B. cereus</i> strains were obtained using Bacara Agar plates after enrichment in saline peptone water and final colonies were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Enterotoxin (HBL) and nonhaemolytic enterotoxin (NHE) production were assessed using the Duopath® Cereus Enterotoxins Test kit. The Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method was applied as antibiotics susceptibility test. PCR was used to detect Emetic toxin gene (<i>CES</i> and <i>CER</i>) and enterotoxigenic toxin gene (<i>cytK, nheA, hblC,</i> and <i>entFM</i>). Results show a significant prevalence of <i>B. cereus</i> (42%) in spices. However, the spices meet food safety recommendations (<10⁴ cfu/g). Antibiotics susceptibility test show alarming rate of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics specially ampicillin (83.33%) and penicillin (82.14%). Concerning the toxin producing capacity more than half of the isolates (51.19%) produce NHE toxin and 27.38% produce HBL toxin. The most abundant gene were <i>nheA, nheB</i>, and <i>nheC</i> and a combination of 4 genes (<i>entFM</i>, <i>nheA</i>, <i>hblC</i>, and <i>cytK</i>) was detected in many isolates. In conclusion, the presence of multidrug resistant <i>B. cereus</i> strains carrying diarrhoeal toxin-encoding genes in spices intended for human consumption represents a serious health hazard. These results indicate the need for regular surveillance of the occurrence of <i>B. cereus</i> strains in spices and food products in Iran.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2023 ","pages":"8390778"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10188258/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9492875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Factors of Clonally Related, Multi, and Extensively Drug-Resistant <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> in Severely Ill COVID-19 Patients.","authors":"Meqdad Saleh Ahmed,&nbsp;Zirak Faqe Ahmed Abdulrahman,&nbsp;Zanan Mohammed Ameen Taha","doi":"10.1155/2023/3139270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/3139270","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The secondary infection of multi and extensively drug-resistant \"<i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>\" in severely ill COVID-19 individuals is usually associated with extended hospitalisation and a high mortality rate. The current study aimed to assess the exact incidence rate of <i>A. baumannii</i> coinfection in severely ill COVID-19 patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICUs), to identify the possible mechanism of <i>A. baumannii</i> transfer to COVID-19 patients and to find out their resistance rate against different antibiotics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifty severely ill \"COVID-19\" individuals on respiratory support were selected with samples being collected from the pharynx. In addition, another 60 samples were collected from the surrounding environment. Bacterial isolates were diagnosed by microbiological cultures and confirmed by \"Vitek 2 system\" and real-time PCR. The \"Vitek 2 Compact system\" was used to evaluate these isolates for antimicrobial susceptibility. The recovered isolates' DNA fingerprints and genetic similarities were performed using ERIC-PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-six samples were tested positive for <i>A. baumannii</i> (20 out of 50 samples taken from patients, 40%; 6 out of 60 swabs from a nosocomial setting, 10%). All <i>A. baumannii</i> strains isolated from the nosocomial sites were clonally related (have the same genetic lineage) to some strains isolated from patients. However, the majority of the patients' strains were categorised as belonging to the same genetic lineage. Furthermore, \"the multi and extensively drug\" resistance patterns were seen in all isolates. In addition, total isolates showed resistance to the most commonly tested antibiotics, while none of them was found to be resistant to tigecycline.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Secondary \"<i>A. baumannii</i>\" infection in severely ill \"COVID-19\" patients is a serious matter, especially when it has one spot of transmission in the ICU as well as when it is extensively drug-resistant, necessitating an immediate and tactical response to secure the issue.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2023 ","pages":"3139270"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9940951/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9208224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}