Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Mortality in Ventilator-Associated Tracheobronchitis and Pneumonia in Oncology Patients: The Impact of Microbiological Aspects.","authors":"Vitor Falcao de Oliveira, Débora de Oliveira Lopes, Valdirene Santos Folli Cabral, Luiz Dalfior Junior, Simone Siqueira Matos, Luciana Alexandra Antônia de Almeida, Larissa Vasconcelos Barreto, João Manoel da Silva Junior, Ana Paula Cury, Odeli Nicole Encinas Sejas, Adriana Satie Gonçalves Kono Magri, Edson Abdala","doi":"10.1155/cjid/5887462","DOIUrl":"10.1155/cjid/5887462","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Most evidence on ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)-related and ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis (VAT)-related mortality comes from general ICU settings, with limited data on critically ill cancer patients. This study aimed to characterize the microbiological profile and resistance patterns in an oncology hospital and evaluate their impact on 14-day mortality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective analysis of VAP and VAT cases in an oncology ICU in Brazil (Jan-Dec 2024), assessing bacterial frequency, multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO), and mortality. Multivariate analysis was used to identify the variables significantly associated with mortality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 85 ICU patients, tracheobronchitis was more frequent (59%) than pneumonia (41%). Most were male (61%) with a median age of 62 years and had solid tumors (85%), mainly in the lungs and neck. Of 109 samples, <i>P. aeruginosa</i> (27%), <i>K. pneumoniae</i> (20%), and <i>S. maltophilia</i> (17%) were the most common pathogens. MDRO was particularly high in <i>A. baumannii</i> (82%). Overall, 14-day mortality was 55%. MDR was not associated with mortality (<i>p</i> = 0.3), but VAP (OR 4.20, <i>p</i> = 0.004) and infections with positive blood culture (OR 5.38, <i>p</i> = 0.023) were independently associated with mortality.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides valuable insights into the microbiological profile of patients with VAP and VAT in an oncological ICU and its impact on mortality. Mortality was not associated with MDR, possibly reflecting the high baseline risk from underlying conditions. However, patients with positive blood cultures had significantly higher mortality, suggesting a more invasive disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2026 ","pages":"5887462"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12791571/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145967707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and Genotypic Features of Norovirus Enteritis in Children Complicated by Convulsions: A Retrospective Study in Kunming, China.","authors":"Suqi Xu, Mingying Wang, Canchun Zhao, Jiahui Fang, Shumei He, Zhuoheng Li, Haoyu Ma, Qiangming Sun, Hongchao Jiang","doi":"10.1155/cjid/9940384","DOIUrl":"10.1155/cjid/9940384","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Although studies have described the clinical characteristics of norovirus enteritis (NoVE) associated with convulsions, research on its molecular epidemiology remains limited. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate both the clinical manifestations and genotypic features of NoVE complicated by convulsions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>NoVE children admitted to our hospital between November 2021 and May 2022 were divided into NoVE complicated with convulsion group and NoVE group. Then, we screened the risk factors of NoVE complicated with convulsion based on multivariate regression analysis. The stool samples were collected, followed by amplification of VP1 sequences of GI and GII and phylogenetic analysis of VP1 in both groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Logistic regression analysis showed that elevated serum CK-MB levels and fever were independent risk factors for convulsions in NoVE patients, while a lower frequency of diarrhea was an independent protective factor. GII.3 genotype was merely detected in 12 NoVE samples (14.81%) and was detected in 5 (15.19%) NoVE with convulsion samples. The GII.4 genotype was detected in 28 (84.85%) samples of the NoVE with convulsion group and 69 (85.19%) samples from the NoVE group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Elevated serum CK-MB concentration, fever, and frequency of diarrhea were independent influencing factors for NoVE complicated by convulsions.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2026 ","pages":"9940384"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12789181/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145953551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Diversity of <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> Merozoite Surface Protein 1 and 2 Genes and Their Allele Association With Malaria Severity, Seasons, and Sex in Bamenda, North West Cameroon.","authors":"Che Roland Achungu, Damian Nota Anong, Kamena Faustin, Robert Adamu Shey, Cevie Jesenta Tabe, Chi Achille Djouosseu","doi":"10.1155/cjid/8378496","DOIUrl":"10.1155/cjid/8378496","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although the number of yearly occurrences of malaria has significantly decreased in recent years, malaria remains one of the major public health issues in Cameroon. A deeper understanding of how the various alleles of the malaria parasite's genes move in the field between the two sexes and between seasons, as well as knowledge of malaria parasite genetic diversity in different malaria-endemic locations, would be necessary for the development of a successful malaria elimination strategy. This study aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity of the Msp1 and Msp2 genes of <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> in Bamenda, North West Region of Cameroon, identify the alleles of the Msp1 and Msp2 genes that are associated with severe malaria, and determine how the alleles of the Msp1 and Msp2 genes are distributed between sexes and seasons. Blood samples were collected on Whatman's filter paper from those who had malaria caused by <i>P. falciparum</i> as determined by microscopy and rapid diagnostic tests. DNA from <i>P. falciparum</i> was isolated using the Chelex technique. Using nested PCR, the Msp1 Block 2 and Msp2 Block 3 genes were genotyped. The Msp1 Block 2 gene was genotyped in a total of 281 samples. For Msp1 Block 2 genes, all the family-specific alleles were present (RO33, K1, and MAD20). At 44.7% frequency, RO33 was the most prevalent allele, while K1 was linked to severe malaria. The Msp2 Block 3 gene was genotyped in a total of 194 samples. For Msp2 Block 3 genes, all of the family-specific alleles were present (3D7 and FC27). With 56.7%, 3D7 was the most prevalent. There was an association between the Msp2 Block 3 gene alleles and sex (χ² = 8.856, <i>p</i> = 0.012). No Msp1 Block 2 or Msp2 Block 3 allele was more prevalent in any specific season. These results would be useful in assessing the efficacy of malaria prevention measures implemented in Bamenda as well as in selecting and designing malaria prevention measures that are suitable for implementation in Bamenda, North West Region of Cameroon.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2026 ","pages":"8378496"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12783678/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145953711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Epidemiological Analysis of the Genotypic Spectrum and Mortality Risk in Carbapenem-Resistant <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (CRKP) Infections.","authors":"Qiongfang Zhang, Ze Fang, Bo Fang, Hailing Zeng, Jiaojiao Xu","doi":"10.1155/cjid/1529426","DOIUrl":"10.1155/cjid/1529426","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Carbapenem-resistant &lt;i&gt;Klebsiella pneumoniae&lt;/i&gt; (CRKP) has become a global public health threat, with significantly increased morbidity and mortality among high-risk inpatients. High-risk genotypes of CRKP, primarily including &lt;i&gt;K. pneumoniae&lt;/i&gt; carbapenemase (KPC), oxacillinase-48-like (OXA-48-like), New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM), imipenemase (IMP), and Verona integron-encoded metallo-β-lactamase (VIM) types (hereafter referred to as KPC, OXA-48-like, NDM, IMP, and VIM, respectively) as defined by international consensus due to their association with enhanced transmission, drug resistance, and mortality risk, have emerged as key challenges in clinical practice. However, the impact of different genotypic types of CRKP on mortality risk and their regional epidemiology remain unclear.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;This systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines and registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251150672). PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were systematically searched for original studies up to September 9, 2025. Eligible studies reported genotypic types of CRKP (such as KPC, OXA-48-like, NDM, IMP, and VIM) and patient mortality. The pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using a random-effects model. Subgroup analyses were performed by the genotype and region. Risk of bias was assessed using the ROBINS-I tool.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 58 studies involving various countries and regions were included. The pooled analysis showed that CRKP infection with high-risk genotypes-defined in this study primarily as KPC and OXA-48-like types due to their strong association with increased transmission, drug resistance, and mortality-was significantly associated with increased all-cause mortality (pooled OR = 3.08, 95% CI: 2.44-3.88, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.0001; &lt;i&gt;I&lt;/i&gt; &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 63.4%). Subgroup analysis revealed that KPC-type CRKP infection had a higher mortality risk (pooled OR = 3.57, 95% CI: 2.82-4.53), with the effect more pronounced in China (OR = 3.85) than in other countries (OR = 3.04). The OXA-48-like genotype also showed increased mortality risk (OR = 2.57, 95% CI: 1.47-4.50), while evidence for other genotypes such as NDM, IMP, and VIM was limited. Sensitivity analysis and publication bias tests supported the robustness of the results. GRADE assessment indicated moderate evidence for KPC but lower quality for other genotypes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;High-risk genotypes of CRKP-defined in this study as KPC and OXA-48-like due to their strong association with increased transmission, drug resistance, and mortality-are associated with significantly increased mortality risk in infected patients, especially in China. These findings support risk stratification and personalized management of high-risk patients and provide evidence for regional prevention and control strategies. Further multicenter and mechanisti","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2026 ","pages":"1529426"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12771615/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145919126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Lytic Bacteriophage as a Potential Biocontrol Agent Against Avian Enterotoxigenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> Associated With Colibacillosis.","authors":"Arina Sasoon, Farhad Nikkhahi, Niloofar Kiaheyrati, Amir Javadi, Amir Peymani, Anita Fard Sanei, Fatemeh Fardsanei","doi":"10.1155/cjid/6665750","DOIUrl":"10.1155/cjid/6665750","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Diarrheal diseases remain a major public health concern, causing over two million deaths annually in developing countries. Diarrheagenic <i>Escherichia coli</i>, particularly enterotoxigenic strains, are a leading cause of gastrointestinal infections in humans and animals. Poultry can act as a reservoir for pathogenic <i>E. coli</i>, facilitating transmission to humans via contaminated food or water. This study aimed to isolate and characterize bacteriophages targeting <i>E. coli</i> pathotypes from poultry, with the goal of controlling gastrointestinal infections and reducing the risk of zoonotic transmission.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>ETEC strains were isolated from poultry with colibacillosis and confirmed by LT and ST toxin genes. Their antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation were evaluated. Bacteriophages were isolated from wastewater, and their host range, morphology, growth characteristics, lytic activity, and stability under different temperatures and pH were assessed.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>The isolated ETEC strain exhibited a multidrug-resistant phenotype and strong biofilm formation. The bacteriophage was highly specific for this strain, showing no lysis of other bacteria, and was classified as belonging to the Autographiviridae family by TEM analysis. One-step growth experiments revealed a latent period of 0-10 min and a burst size of 93 PFU/cell. Lytic activity was effective at MOIs of 10 and 100, and the phage remained stable under typical environmental and physiological conditions, suggesting its potential applicability in poultry.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The isolated phage demonstrates high specificity, lytic activity, and stability, indicating its potential as an alternative or adjunct to antibiotics for controlling MDR ETEC in poultry. Further studies are warranted to evaluate its safety and efficacy under in vivo conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"6665750"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12754083/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145890434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outsmarting Nightmare: Drug Resistance in <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>.","authors":"Annepu Praveen, Amjuri Sinduja, Mukesh Kumar Yadav, Divakar Sharma, Amit Singh","doi":"10.1155/cjid/9591804","DOIUrl":"10.1155/cjid/9591804","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> is a critical nosocomial pathogen recognized by the WHO as a top-priority threat due to its extensive drug resistance, particularly in carbapenem-resistant <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> (CRAB) strains. According to recent CDC reports, CRAB is one of the most urgent causes of hospital-acquired infections, driving longer hospital stays, higher costs, and mortality. This pathogen employs multiple resistance mechanisms, including efflux pumps, porins like OmpA, making it highly difficult to treat. Resistance is further shaped by β-lactamases, integrons, and mobile genetic elements. The emergence of MDR, XDR, and PDR strains signals the looming postantibiotic era, where conventional therapies are increasingly ineffective. While several reviews have provided in-depth analyses of individual mechanisms and some comprehensive overviews, this work provides a broad overview of resistance strategies and genetic determinants, including <i>tet(A/B)</i>, <i>cmlA</i>, and <i>mdfA</i>. Importantly, we also highlight emerging alternatives such as novel emergent phage therapy (NEPT), which proactively counters antiphage resistance and nanoparticles (CNPs), which resensitize resistant isolates and enhance antibiotic efficacy. By combining mechanistic insights with emerging interventions, this review provides a comprehensive perspective on CRAB resistance and highlights research priorities for mitigating its global threat.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"9591804"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12747101/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145866111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors of <i>Corynebacterium striatum</i> Infection in Normally Sterile Body Fluids and Urine Specimens.","authors":"Yao Jiang, Yan Lei, Jing Liu, Xiaolan Guo, Hong Zhang","doi":"10.1155/cjid/9916536","DOIUrl":"10.1155/cjid/9916536","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Corynebacterium striatum</i> (<i>C. striatum</i>) is an emerging opportunistic pathogen. Its role in pathogenicity can be difficult to determine and requires careful analysis of laboratory results and clinical symptoms. This research aims to investigate the clinical characteristics and risk factors of <i>C. striatum</i> infection in normally sterile body fluids and urine.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study was conducted in the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College in China. The study included 50 patients infected with <i>C. striatum</i> and 70 cases with non-<i>C. striatum</i> infections from January 2018 to December 2023. Clinical data were analyzed, and independent risk factors for <i>C. striatum</i> infection were identified using chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients in the <i>C. striatum</i> group were primarily distributed in the intensive care unit (ICU), neurosurgery, and nephrology departments. Most had a history of severe underlying diseases (80%), invasive procedures (84%), and antibiotic use (74%). The highest detection rate of <i>C. striatum</i> was 0.45% in 2018. Compared with the non-<i>C. striatum</i> infection group, the <i>C. striatum</i> infection group showed a longer duration of invasive procedures, more days of antibiotic use, and a higher number of antibiotics used (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis identified them as independent risk factors for <i>C. striatum</i> infection in normally sterile body fluids and urine.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients with severe conditions requiring multiple invasive procedures and prolonged treatment with multiple antibiotics may be more susceptible to <i>C. striatum</i> infection in normally sterile body fluids and urine. Clinicians should be aware of these risk factors to help prevent and manage <i>C. striatum</i> infections more effectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"9916536"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12747092/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145866073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Bloodstream Infections in Neonates: Clinical Characteristics and Antimicrobial Therapy.","authors":"Zelei Liu, Xingpu Xu, Sanni Li, Mei Li, Jiancheng Jiao, Yinghui Guo, Li Ma","doi":"10.1155/cjid/5544605","DOIUrl":"10.1155/cjid/5544605","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To analyze the clinical characteristics, antimicrobial therapies, and outcomes of neonates with carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) bloodstream infections.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This single-center retrospective study included 22 neonates with CRE bloodstream infections at a tertiary children's hospital in China (September 1, 2019-August 31, 2024). Data of clinical characteristics, risk factors, pathogens, carbapenemase testing, antimicrobial therapy, and outcomes were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All 22 neonates had hospital-acquired late-onset infections (males, 77.3%; preterm infants, 81.8%). Prior to onset, 72.7% of the neonates had a history of broad-spectrum antibiotic exposure. <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> was the predominant pathogen (91.9%). Eighteen isolates underwent carbapenemase testing, with KPC being the most prevalent carbapenemase (66.7%). The antimicrobial agents were changed for 8 infants based on the carbapenemase testing results. Six neonates with KPC-producing CRE infections received ceftazidime-avibactam (CAZ-AVI), and two neonates with NDM-producing CRE infections were treated with CAZ-AVI plus aztreonam. All 20 neonates who completed full treatment achieved clinical cure, while two neonates succumbed to infection before effective therapy initiation. The all-cause mortality rate was 13.6%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Neonates with immature immunity are more susceptible to CRE bloodstream infections, but clinical cure could be achieved after effective antimicrobial therapy. Carbapenemase testing plays a crucial role in the decision making on treatment of neonatal CRE infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"5544605"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12747061/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145864845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Characteristics and Real-World Drug Treatment of Severe Pertussis in Children: A Retrospective Study.","authors":"Yangyang Wang, Jin Xu, Wenjing Li","doi":"10.1155/cjid/6702388","DOIUrl":"10.1155/cjid/6702388","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pertussis is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by <i>Bordetella pertussis</i>, which can lead to respiratory failure and death in severe cases. In recent years, pertussis incidence has risen globally, especially in children, due to waning vaccine immunity and mutations in the pertussis bacteria. This study aimed to retrospectively analyze the clinical features, treatment regimens, and economic evaluation of pertussis in children to explore the impact of different treatments on disease outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study collected clinical data from 76 children with pertussis treated in our hospital from January 2024 to December 2024. The patients were divided into severe and nonsevere groups based on their condition. The clinical data, drug treatments, hospitalization costs, and hospital stays were compared between the two groups to evaluate the efficacy and economic impact of different treatments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study found that the highest incidence of pertussis occurred in infants aged 6 weeks to 3 months. Severe pertussis cases had significantly longer hospitalization times, treatment durations, and antibiotic therapy courses than the nonsevere group. Macrolide antibiotics remain the first-line treatment, but resistance to these drugs has emerged in certain regions, making sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (SMZ-TMP) an effective alternative. Steroid treatment was effective in symptom relief but did not affect cure rates or recurrence.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study shows that pertussis remains common in infants, with severe cases presenting greater treatment challenges. For children with macrolide-resistant pertussis, SMZ-TMP shows good efficacy. Proper selection of antibiotics and symptomatic treatment are essential for improving patient outcomes and reducing complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"6702388"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12747067/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145865961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling Hidden Threats: Bacterial Contamination of Frequently Touched Objects and the Biofilm Property of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> as a Threat to Antibiotic Success.","authors":"Rakshya Bhandari, Niroj Man Amatya, Prashamsa Bogati, Purnika Sulu, Pratima Baniya","doi":"10.1155/cjid/9929263","DOIUrl":"10.1155/cjid/9929263","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Frequently touched objects within hospital premises acts as a potential reservoir for healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs), significantly amplifying the risk when biofilm-producing bacteria are involved. These bacteria often exhibit multidrug-resistant (MDR) patterns, complicating the antimicrobial treatments. So, this study intended to determine the bacterial contamination level on frequently touched objects and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns and to determine the relation between biofilm-producing <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and multidrug resistance patterns.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at different intensive care units (NICU and MICU) and operation theatre of Frontline Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. Aseptically, 297 swab samples were collected and cultured, and the isolated bacteria were identified using standard microbiological procedures. Antibiotics susceptibility test done by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method, and biofilm detection was done by the microtiter plate method at 570 nm by using an ELISA reader. For data analysis, SPSS Version 23 was used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of total 297 swab samples processed, 31.3% (93/297) showed bacterial growth, yielding a total of 108 isolates. Mixed growth was reported on 16.1% (15/93) samples. The frequency of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria was 95.4% (103/108) and 4.6% (5/108), respectively. The main isolates were coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) 50.9%, followed by <i>S. aureus</i> (36.1%), Gram-positive bacilli (8.3%), <i>Pseudomonas</i> species (2.8%), and <i>Klebsiella</i> species (1.9%). Out of 39 <i>S. aureus</i> isolates, 53.8% (21/39) were MDR and 25 (64.10%) were biofilm producers. Similarly, 35.9% (14/39) were methicillin-resistant <i>S. aureus</i> (MRSA), among which majority 71.4% (10/14) of MRSA recovered as biofilm producers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A frequently touched object within different intensive care units and operation theatre was found to be contaminated with potential pathogens and normal flora. Bacterial contamination of such objects can contribute to HCAIs and the hands of health professionals can be the mode of cross-contamination.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"9929263"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12747103/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145866091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}