Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Clinical and Biological Characteristics of Severe Malaria in Children under 5 Years Old in Benin.","authors":"Xiao Ma,&nbsp;Xin Fan,&nbsp;Kora Chabi Youssaou,&nbsp;Junfei Zhang,&nbsp;Xingyi Wang,&nbsp;Guoqiang Zheng,&nbsp;Shuping Tian,&nbsp;Yujing Gao","doi":"10.1155/2023/5516408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/5516408","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Malaria is a global public health concern, mainly occurring in sub-Saharan Africa. Children infected with malaria are more likely to develop severe disease, which can be fatal. During COVID-19 in 2020, diagnosing and treating malaria became difficult. We analyzed the clinical characteristics and laboratory indicators of children with severe malaria in Benin to provide important information for designing effective prevention and treatment strategies to manage pediatric cases.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Clinical characteristics of pediatric patients with severe malaria admitted to two hospitals in Benin (Central Hospital of Lokossa and Regional Hospital of Natitingou, located ∼650 kilometers apart) were collected from January to December 2020. Patients were grouped according to age (group A: 4-12 months old, group B: 13-36 months old, and group C: 37-60 months old), and clinical and laboratory indicators were compared. The incidences of severe pediatric malaria in both hospitals in 2020 were calculated. Inclusion, exclusion, and blood transfusion criteria were identified.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We analyzed 236 pediatric cases. The main clinical symptoms among all patients were severe anemia, vomiting, prostration, poor appetite, dysphoria, and dyspnea. Over 50% of patients in group A experienced vomiting and severe anemia. Most patients in group B had severe anemia and prostration. Delirium affected significantly more patients in group C than in groups A and B. In group C, the hemoglobin and hematocrit levels were significantly higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and the leukocyte count was significantly lower (<i>p</i> < 0.01) than in groups A and B. Parasitemia was significantly higher in group C than in group A (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Twelve deaths occurred.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Severe pediatric malaria is seasonal in Benin. The situation in children under 5 years old is poor. The main problems are severe disease conditions and high fatality rates. Effective approaches such as prevention and early and appropriate treatment are necessary to reduce the malaria burden in pediatric patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2023 ","pages":"5516408"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10533293/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41139109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacterial Profile and Their Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Isolates Recovered from Intensive Care Unit Environments at Wachemo University Nigist Ellen Mohammed Memorial Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Southern Ethiopia.","authors":"Muluneh Temesgen,&nbsp;Abera Kumalo,&nbsp;Takele Teklu,&nbsp;Getachew Alemu,&nbsp;Desta Odoko","doi":"10.1155/2023/1216553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/1216553","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Bacterial contamination of indoor hospitals, especially in intensive care units is a serious health hazard in the world with a high morbidity and mortality rates. Particularly, multidrug-resistant bacteria can cross-contaminate medical devices, inanimate surfaces, health care providers, and patients in the intensive care unit. This study was aimed to assess the bacterial profile and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of bacterial isolates from intensive care unit at WUNEMMCSH (Wachemo University Nigest Ellen Mohammed Memorial Compressive Specialized Hospital), Southern Ethiopia.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A hospital-based cross sectional study was conducted on 180 intensive care unit environmental samples at WUNEMMCSH from August 1, 2022, to October 30, 2022. In this study, a total of 180 swab samples were collected from medical devices, inanimate surfaces, patients, and health care providers from the intensive care unit by using sterile cotton-tipped swabs moistened with normal saline. Then, bacterial isolates were identified using the standard culture method, Gram stain, and biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests for bacterial isolates were performed by using the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method. Data were entered into EpiData Version 4.6 cleanup and exported to SPSS V25 for analysis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 180 swab samples were processed from intensive care unit environments, and 143 (79.4%) were found to have been contaminated by at least one potential pathogenic bacterial isolate. A total of two hundred and thirty-eight bacteria were isolated. Of these, the predominant bacteria were coagulase-negative &lt;i&gt;Staphylococci&lt;/i&gt; 72 (30.3%), &lt;i&gt;S. aureus&lt;/i&gt; 61 (25.6%), &lt;i&gt;E&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;i&gt;coli&lt;/i&gt; 41 (17.2%), and &lt;i&gt;K. pneumoniae&lt;/i&gt; 30 (12.6%). Seventy (49%) out of all swabbed samples were contaminated with mixed isolates. In the antimicrobial susceptibility tests, 19 (86%) Gram-positive bacteria and 25 (76%) Gram-negative bacterial isolates were susceptible to nitrofurantoin, respectively. Vancomycin was sensitive to 83% of Gram-positive isolates. Gram-positive and Gram-negative isolates from irrespective sources showed multidrug resistance in 56.4% and 76.2%, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;The inanimate hospital environments, medical device, health care providers, and patients in ICU rooms of WUNEMMCSH (Wachemo University Nigest Ellen Mohammed Memorial Comprehensive Specialized Hospital) were colonized with 143 (79.4%) of potential pathogenic bacterial isolate, which can cause nosocomial infections with high rates of morbidity and mortality among patients. The frequencies of multidrug-resistant 159 (66.8%) bacterial pathogens were alarmingly high. Therefore, to reduce the risk of bacterial contamination and MDR, strict adherence to hospital infection prevention and control measures should be enforced. These measures include regularly performing hand hygi","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2023 ","pages":"1216553"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10516698/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41164643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial Therapy as a Risk Factor of Multidrug-Resistant <i>Acinetobacter</i> Infection in COVID-19 Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit.","authors":"P Mihalov, J Hodosy, A Koščálová, M Čaprnda, M Kachlíková, J Jurenka, M Bendžala, P Sabaka","doi":"10.1155/2023/4951273","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/4951273","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Multidrug-resistant <i>Acinetobacter</i> (MDR-Ab) is one of the most important pathogens causing superinfections in COVID-19 patients hospitalised in the intensive care unit (ICU). The occurrence of MDR-Ab superinfection significantly impairs the prognosis of patients in the ICU. Overuse of antibiotics in COVID-19 patients might contribute to the risk of developing MDR-Ab infection.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective was to assess the role of prior antibiotic exposure as an independent predictor of MDR-Ab infection in COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective cohort study in 90 patients admitted to the ICU of the Department of Infectology and Geographical Medicine, University Hospital in Bratislava, for respiratory failure due to COVID-19 between 1 September 2021 and 31 January 2022 (delta variant predominance). Patients underwent regular microbial screening. Superinfection was defined as infection occurring ≥48 h after admission. We assessed the role of prior antibiotic exposure and other factors as independent predictors of MDR-Ab isolation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty-eight male and 32 female patients were included in the analysis. Multidrug-resistant bacteria were cultured in 43 patients (47.8%), and MDR-Ab was isolated in 37 patients. Thirty-three (36.7%) patients had superinfection caused by MDR-Ab. Fifty-four (60%) patients were exposed to antibiotics prior to MDR-Ab isolation; of those, 35 (64.8%) patients received ceftriaxone. Prior exposure to ceftriaxone (odds ratio (OR) 4.1; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4-11.9; <i>P</i> < 0.05), tocilizumab therapy (OR 4.7; 95% CI 1.3-15.0; <i>P</i> < 0.05), and ICU length of stay exceeding 11 days (OR 3.7; 95% CI 1.3-10.3; <i>P</i> < 0.05) were independent predictors of MDR-Ab infection.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Prior exposure to ceftriaxone increases the risk of MDR-Ab infection in COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU. Our findings suggest that antibiotic use in COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU should be restricted to patients with documented bacterial superinfection.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2023 ","pages":"4951273"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10513818/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41118634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between Probiotics and Modulation of Gut Microbial Community Composition in Colorectal Cancer Animal Models: A Systematic Review (2010-2021).","authors":"Shabnam Zeighamy Alamdary,&nbsp;Shahnaz Halimi,&nbsp;Akram Rezaei,&nbsp;Roghayeh Afifirad","doi":"10.1155/2023/3571184","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/3571184","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent gastrointestinal malignancies and is considered the third major cause of mortality globally. Probiotics have been shown to protect against the CRC cascade in numerous studies.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>The goal of this systematic review was to gather the preclinical studies that examined the impact of probiotics on the alteration of gut microbiota profiles (bacterial communities) and their link to colorectal carcinogenesis as well as the potential processes involved.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The search was performed using Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed databases. Five parameters were used to develop search filters: \"probiotics,\" \"prebiotics,\" \"synbiotics,\" \"colorectal cancer,\" and \"animal model.\"</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 399 full texts that were screened, 33 original articles met the inclusion criteria. According to the current findings, probiotics/synbiotics could significantly attenuate aberrant crypt foci (ACF) formation, restore beneficial bacteria in the microbiota population, increase short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and change inflammatory marker expression.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The present systematic review results indicate that probiotics could modulate the gut microbial composition and immune regulation to combat/inhibit CRC in preclinical models. However, where the evidence is more limited, it is critical to transfer preclinical research into clinical data.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2023 ","pages":"3571184"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10505085/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10287498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antiviral Drugs and Vaccines for Omicron Variant: A Focused Review.","authors":"Nidhi Garg,&nbsp;Ananya Sree Kunamneni,&nbsp;Pankaj Garg,&nbsp;Sandeep Sharma,&nbsp;Divakar Sharma,&nbsp;Adinarayana Kunamneni","doi":"10.1155/2023/6695533","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/6695533","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Omicron variant of concern (VOC) replaced the delta variant rapidly and became the predominant strain due to more mutations in spike protein and receptor-binding domain (RBD) enhancing its infectivity and binding affinity. The severity of the illness is less than that of the delta variant. Omicron is nonsusceptible to REGEN-COV™ and bamlanivimab with etesevimab. Drugs that are effective against the Omicron variant are oral antiviral drugs such as Paxlovid (nirmatrelvir/ritonavir), remdesivir, sotrovimab, and molnupiravir. The potency of sotrovimab is reduced to 3-fold against Omicron, and 8-fold reduction in potency with sotrovimab is found in a particular variant of Omicron with a R346K substitution in spike protein. There are neither clinical trials comparing the efficacy of these 4 therapies with each other nor any data on a combination of two or more therapies. The current recommendation for mild-moderate, nonhospitalized patients who are at a high risk of disease progression is to use Paxlovid as the first-line option. If Paxlovid is not available or cannot be administered due to drug interactions, then the next best choice is sotrovimab. The third choice is remdesivir if sotrovimab is also not available and molnupiravir is to be given if the other three options are not available or cannot be administered. For prevention, 2130 (cilgavimab) in combination with COV2-2196 (tixagevimab) has been effective against BA.2 only. LY-CoV1404 (bebtelovimab) is recently authorized as it is effective against all sublineages of the Omicron variant. Regarding vaccine efficacy (VE), the 3-dose VE with mRNA vaccines at 14-60 days was found to be 71.6%, and after 60 days, it is 47.4%. There is a 34-38-fold reduction of neutralizing activity with prebooster sera and a 19-fold reduction with booster sera for the Omicron variant. This probably explains the reason for worldwide breakthrough infections with the Omicron variant with waning immunity. The neutralizing antibody response against Omicron elicited by the bivalent vaccine is superior to that of the ancestral Wuhan strain, without any safety concerns. For future advances, the ribosome display technology can be applied for the generation of human single-chain fragment variable (scFv) antibodies from B cells of recovered patients against Omicron and other Coronavirus variants as they are easier and faster to produce and have high affinity and high specificity.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2023 ","pages":"6695533"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10504046/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10652417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Antimicrobial Susceptibility in Bacterial Pathogens Associated with Urinary Tract Infections from Beijing Teaching Hospital in China, 2009-2017.","authors":"Zeqiang Xie, Jiyong Jian, Liang Chen","doi":"10.1155/2023/4360342","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/4360342","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Since a urinary tract infection (UTI) is easy to relapse and difficult to treat, the antibiotic resistance rate has increased year by year in recent years. This study was to analyze the characteristics of the common pathogenic bacteria and the changes of antibiotic resistance in urinary system infection, so as to guide the standard use of antibiotics in a clinical urinary tract infection and control nosocomial infection effectively.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 5,669 strains of a urinary tract infection in the hospital from January 2009 to December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Bacterial identification and the antibiotic sensitivity test (AST) were analyzed by using a VITEK-2 Compact system.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 5669 pathogens, 3,256 (57.44%) of the strains were Gram-negative bacteria (GNB), 1,474 (26%) were Gram-positive bacteria (GPB), and 939 (16.56%) were fungi. Resistant rates of ESBL-producing strains were all significantly different from non-ESBL-producing strains in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The resistance rate of ESBL-producing strains to <i>β</i>-lactam antibiotics was all higher than that of non-ESBL-producing strains in <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The detection rate of vancomycin-resistant<i>Enterococcus faecium</i> and <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> was 37.3% and 3.1%, respectively, and the detection rate of linezolid-resistant<i>Enterococcus faecium</i> and <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> was 0.68% and 0%, respectively. The drug resistance rate of <i>candida</i> sp. to fluconazole, itraconazole, and voriconazole was 1.7%, 8.5%, and 3.4%, respectively. No amphotericin B-resistant strains were detected in the research.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Among the 5669 strains isolated from urinary tract infection patients, GNB were the main pathogens. <i>Escherichia coli</i> was the major pathogen. The resistance rate of ESBLs-producing<i>Escherichia coli</i> was higher than that of non-ESBLs-producing<i>Escherichia coli</i> in general; meanwhile, <i>β</i>-lactam/<i>β</i>-lactamase inhibitors and carbapenems maintained good antimicrobial activity against <i>Escherichia coli</i>. The resistance rate of non-ESBLs-producing<i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> strains was significantly higher than that of ESBLs-producing<i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> strains, and drug resistance was more prominent; most of the antibiotic resistance rates were over 50%. The antimicrobial resistance rate of <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> was significantly higher than that of <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i>. There were rare linezolid-resistant strains. The antimicrobial resistance rate of imidazole to fungi was controlled less than 10%.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2023 ","pages":"4360342"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10390260/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9980643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Validation of a Prediction Model of the Risk of Pneumonia in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection.","authors":"Xi Yi, Daiyan Fu, Guiliang Wang, Lile Wang, Jirong Li","doi":"10.1155/2023/6696048","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/6696048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To establish a prediction model of pneumonia risk in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients to reduce unnecessary chest CT scans.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The model was constructed based on a retrospective cohort study. We selected SARS-CoV-2 test-positive patients and collected their clinical data and chest CT images from the outpatient and emergency departments of Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, China. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression were utilized to identify predictors of pneumonia risk for patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. These predictors were then incorporated into a nomogram to establish the model. To ensure its performance, the model was evaluated from the aspects of discrimination, calibration, and clinical validity. In addition, a smoothed curve was fitted using a generalized additive model (GAM) to explore the association between the pneumonia grade and the model's predicted probability of pneumonia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We selected 299 SARS-CoV-2 test-positive patients, of whom 205 cases were in the training cohort and 94 cases were in the validation cohort. Age, CRP natural log-transformed value (InCRP), and monocyte percentage (%Mon) were found to be valid predictors of pneumonia risk. This predictive model achieved good discrimination of AUC in the training and validation cohorts which was 0.7820 (95% CI: 0.7254-0.8439) and 0.8432 (95% CI: 0.7588-0.9151), respectively. At the cut-off value of 0.5, it had a sensitivity and specificity of 70.75% and 66.33% in the training cohort and 76.09% and 73.91% in the validation cohort, respectively. With suitable calibration accuracy shown in calibration curves, decision curve analysis indicated high clinical value in predicting pneumonia probability in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. The probability of pneumonia predicted by the model was positively correlated with the actual pneumonia classification.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study has developed a pneumonia risk prediction model that can be utilized for diagnostic purposes in predicting the probability of pneumonia in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2023 ","pages":"6696048"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10368499/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9885064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survival and Mortality in Hospitalized Children with COVID-19: A Referral Center Experience in Yazd, Iran.","authors":"Farimah Shamsi, Mehran Karimi, Zahra Nafei, Elahe Akbarian","doi":"10.1155/2023/5205188","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/5205188","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>COVID-19 prognostic risk factors, therapeutic protocols, and clinical outcomes in pediatric cases are still under investigation.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This historical cohort study evaluated the survival time of hospitalized children (1 month-18 years old) with COVID-19 admitted from March 2020 to August 2021 to an educational hospital in Yazd, Iran. The follow-up of patients was performed at least one month after discharge.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 183 hospitalized cases, 24 children were deceased. The median age of patients was 5.41, and 54.2% were male. The survival rate after one-month follow-up was 0.88, and the most significant predictors associated with survival time were the male sex, positive history of hospitalization, lymphopenia, hypoxia, and length of stay more than two weeks using Bayesian Cox regression analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Accurate estimation of the impact of predictors on poor outcomes may help healthcare providers use therapeutic protocols based on risk factors and healthcare requirements of each patient to improve their survival.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2023 ","pages":"5205188"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10365916/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9930073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sero- and Feco-Prevalence of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Infection and Its Associated Risk Factors among Adult Dyspeptic Patients Visiting the Outpatient Department of Adet Primary Hospital, Yilmana Densa District, Northwest Ethiopia.","authors":"Zebasil Mnichil, Endalkachew Nibret, Daniel Mekonnen, Maritu Demelash","doi":"10.1155/2023/2305681","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/2305681","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Most gastric cancers in the world are attributed to <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> (<i>H. pylori</i>) infections. The prevalence of <i>H. pylori</i> infection is influenced by socioeconomic status, hygiene, and lifestyle of the population. This study aimed to assess sero- and feco-prevalence of <i>H. pylori</i> infections and its associated risk factors among adult dyspeptic patients visiting the outpatient department of Adet Primary Hospital, Yilmana Densa District, northwest Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from February 10, 2022 to April 10, 2022. The study participants were selected using a systematic random sampling technique. The data were collected by pretested questionnaires. Blood and stool specimens were collected from each patient for antibody and <i>H. pylori</i> antigen tests, respectively. The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 26.0. A logistic regression model was used to assess the strength of association between <i>H. pylori</i> positivity and risk factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The sero- and feco-prevalence of <i>H. pylori</i> infection was 62% and 51.1%, respectively. In those patients who had a positive result with either the antibody (Ab) or antigen (Ag) test, rural residence (AOR = 5.55; 95% CI: 2.34-13.14; <i>p</i> < 0.001), alcohol consumption (AOR = 12.34; 95% CI: 2.29-66.51; <i>p</i>=0.003), having no awareness about <i>H. pylori</i> transmission (AOR = 4.76; 95% CI: 1.86-12.15; <i>p</i>=0.001), using pond/river as a source of drinking water (AOR = 5.22; 95% CI: 1.91-14.27; <i>p</i>=0.001), and open field defecation (AOR = 4.19; 95% CI: 1.67-10.52; <i>p</i>=0.002) were the explanatory risk factors significantly associated with <i>H. pylori</i> infection.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study showed that the prevalence of <i>H. pylori</i> infection was very high. Most cases of gastric cancers are ascribed to <i>H. pylori</i> infection. Therefore, education should be given to communities so as to increase their awareness of the infection and the associated major explanatory risk factors identified in the present study.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2023 ","pages":"2305681"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10365919/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9930069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Negative Fluid Balance on Mortality and Outcome of Patients with Confirmed COVID-19.","authors":"Seyed Parsa Eftekhar, Mahdi Sepidarkish, Parviz Amri Maleh, Iraj Jafaripour, Mohammad Taghi Hedayati, Kamyar Amin, Roghayeh Pourkia, Saeid Abroutan, Mehrdad Saravi, Farzad Jalali, Mahmoud Sadeghi Haddad Zavareh, Naghmeh Ziaie","doi":"10.1155/2023/6957341","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/6957341","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Maintaining the proper fluid balance is a fundamental step in the management of hospitalized patients. The current study evaluated the impact of negative fluid balance on outcomes of patients with confirmed COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We considered the negative fluid balance as a higher output fluid compared to the input fluid. The fluid balance was categorized into four groups (group 4: -850 to -500 ml/day; group 3: -499 to -200 ml/day, group 2: -199 to 0 ml/day, and group 1 : 1 to 1000 ml/day) and included ordinally in the model. The outcomes were all-cause mortality, length of hospitalization, and improvement in oxygen saturation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The fluid balance differed significantly among nonsurvivors and survivors (MD: -317.93, 95% CI: -410.21, -225.69, and <i>p</i> < 0.001). After adjusting for potential confounders, there was a significantly lower frequency of mortality in patients with negative fluid balance compared to the controls (aRR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.57, 0.84, and <i>p</i> < 0.001). Similarly, the length of hospitalization was significantly shorter in the negative fluid balance group in comparison to the control group (aMD: -1.01, 95% CI: -1.74, -0.28, and <i>p</i>=0.006).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We determined that the negative fluid balance was associated with favorable outcomes in COVID-19 patients. The negative fluid balance was associated with the reduced mortality rate and length of hospitalization as well as improvement in oxygen saturation. Moreover, the NT-proBNP >781 pg/mL and fluid balance >-430 mL might be the predictors for positive fluid balance and mortality, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2023 ","pages":"6957341"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10260309/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9636109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}