Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Analysis of Antimicrobial Susceptibility in Bacterial Pathogens Associated with Urinary Tract Infections from Beijing Teaching Hospital in China, 2009-2017.","authors":"Zeqiang Xie, Jiyong Jian, Liang Chen","doi":"10.1155/2023/4360342","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/4360342","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Since a urinary tract infection (UTI) is easy to relapse and difficult to treat, the antibiotic resistance rate has increased year by year in recent years. This study was to analyze the characteristics of the common pathogenic bacteria and the changes of antibiotic resistance in urinary system infection, so as to guide the standard use of antibiotics in a clinical urinary tract infection and control nosocomial infection effectively.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 5,669 strains of a urinary tract infection in the hospital from January 2009 to December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Bacterial identification and the antibiotic sensitivity test (AST) were analyzed by using a VITEK-2 Compact system.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 5669 pathogens, 3,256 (57.44%) of the strains were Gram-negative bacteria (GNB), 1,474 (26%) were Gram-positive bacteria (GPB), and 939 (16.56%) were fungi. Resistant rates of ESBL-producing strains were all significantly different from non-ESBL-producing strains in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The resistance rate of ESBL-producing strains to <i>β</i>-lactam antibiotics was all higher than that of non-ESBL-producing strains in <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The detection rate of vancomycin-resistant<i>Enterococcus faecium</i> and <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> was 37.3% and 3.1%, respectively, and the detection rate of linezolid-resistant<i>Enterococcus faecium</i> and <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> was 0.68% and 0%, respectively. The drug resistance rate of <i>candida</i> sp. to fluconazole, itraconazole, and voriconazole was 1.7%, 8.5%, and 3.4%, respectively. No amphotericin B-resistant strains were detected in the research.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Among the 5669 strains isolated from urinary tract infection patients, GNB were the main pathogens. <i>Escherichia coli</i> was the major pathogen. The resistance rate of ESBLs-producing<i>Escherichia coli</i> was higher than that of non-ESBLs-producing<i>Escherichia coli</i> in general; meanwhile, <i>β</i>-lactam/<i>β</i>-lactamase inhibitors and carbapenems maintained good antimicrobial activity against <i>Escherichia coli</i>. The resistance rate of non-ESBLs-producing<i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> strains was significantly higher than that of ESBLs-producing<i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> strains, and drug resistance was more prominent; most of the antibiotic resistance rates were over 50%. The antimicrobial resistance rate of <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> was significantly higher than that of <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i>. There were rare linezolid-resistant strains. The antimicrobial resistance rate of imidazole to fungi was controlled less than 10%.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2023 ","pages":"4360342"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10390260/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9980643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Validation of a Prediction Model of the Risk of Pneumonia in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection.","authors":"Xi Yi, Daiyan Fu, Guiliang Wang, Lile Wang, Jirong Li","doi":"10.1155/2023/6696048","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/6696048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To establish a prediction model of pneumonia risk in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients to reduce unnecessary chest CT scans.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The model was constructed based on a retrospective cohort study. We selected SARS-CoV-2 test-positive patients and collected their clinical data and chest CT images from the outpatient and emergency departments of Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, China. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression were utilized to identify predictors of pneumonia risk for patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. These predictors were then incorporated into a nomogram to establish the model. To ensure its performance, the model was evaluated from the aspects of discrimination, calibration, and clinical validity. In addition, a smoothed curve was fitted using a generalized additive model (GAM) to explore the association between the pneumonia grade and the model's predicted probability of pneumonia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We selected 299 SARS-CoV-2 test-positive patients, of whom 205 cases were in the training cohort and 94 cases were in the validation cohort. Age, CRP natural log-transformed value (InCRP), and monocyte percentage (%Mon) were found to be valid predictors of pneumonia risk. This predictive model achieved good discrimination of AUC in the training and validation cohorts which was 0.7820 (95% CI: 0.7254-0.8439) and 0.8432 (95% CI: 0.7588-0.9151), respectively. At the cut-off value of 0.5, it had a sensitivity and specificity of 70.75% and 66.33% in the training cohort and 76.09% and 73.91% in the validation cohort, respectively. With suitable calibration accuracy shown in calibration curves, decision curve analysis indicated high clinical value in predicting pneumonia probability in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. The probability of pneumonia predicted by the model was positively correlated with the actual pneumonia classification.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study has developed a pneumonia risk prediction model that can be utilized for diagnostic purposes in predicting the probability of pneumonia in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2023 ","pages":"6696048"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10368499/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9885064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survival and Mortality in Hospitalized Children with COVID-19: A Referral Center Experience in Yazd, Iran.","authors":"Farimah Shamsi, Mehran Karimi, Zahra Nafei, Elahe Akbarian","doi":"10.1155/2023/5205188","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/5205188","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>COVID-19 prognostic risk factors, therapeutic protocols, and clinical outcomes in pediatric cases are still under investigation.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This historical cohort study evaluated the survival time of hospitalized children (1 month-18 years old) with COVID-19 admitted from March 2020 to August 2021 to an educational hospital in Yazd, Iran. The follow-up of patients was performed at least one month after discharge.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 183 hospitalized cases, 24 children were deceased. The median age of patients was 5.41, and 54.2% were male. The survival rate after one-month follow-up was 0.88, and the most significant predictors associated with survival time were the male sex, positive history of hospitalization, lymphopenia, hypoxia, and length of stay more than two weeks using Bayesian Cox regression analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Accurate estimation of the impact of predictors on poor outcomes may help healthcare providers use therapeutic protocols based on risk factors and healthcare requirements of each patient to improve their survival.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2023 ","pages":"5205188"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10365916/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9930073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sero- and Feco-Prevalence of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Infection and Its Associated Risk Factors among Adult Dyspeptic Patients Visiting the Outpatient Department of Adet Primary Hospital, Yilmana Densa District, Northwest Ethiopia.","authors":"Zebasil Mnichil, Endalkachew Nibret, Daniel Mekonnen, Maritu Demelash","doi":"10.1155/2023/2305681","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/2305681","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Most gastric cancers in the world are attributed to <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> (<i>H. pylori</i>) infections. The prevalence of <i>H. pylori</i> infection is influenced by socioeconomic status, hygiene, and lifestyle of the population. This study aimed to assess sero- and feco-prevalence of <i>H. pylori</i> infections and its associated risk factors among adult dyspeptic patients visiting the outpatient department of Adet Primary Hospital, Yilmana Densa District, northwest Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from February 10, 2022 to April 10, 2022. The study participants were selected using a systematic random sampling technique. The data were collected by pretested questionnaires. Blood and stool specimens were collected from each patient for antibody and <i>H. pylori</i> antigen tests, respectively. The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 26.0. A logistic regression model was used to assess the strength of association between <i>H. pylori</i> positivity and risk factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The sero- and feco-prevalence of <i>H. pylori</i> infection was 62% and 51.1%, respectively. In those patients who had a positive result with either the antibody (Ab) or antigen (Ag) test, rural residence (AOR = 5.55; 95% CI: 2.34-13.14; <i>p</i> < 0.001), alcohol consumption (AOR = 12.34; 95% CI: 2.29-66.51; <i>p</i>=0.003), having no awareness about <i>H. pylori</i> transmission (AOR = 4.76; 95% CI: 1.86-12.15; <i>p</i>=0.001), using pond/river as a source of drinking water (AOR = 5.22; 95% CI: 1.91-14.27; <i>p</i>=0.001), and open field defecation (AOR = 4.19; 95% CI: 1.67-10.52; <i>p</i>=0.002) were the explanatory risk factors significantly associated with <i>H. pylori</i> infection.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study showed that the prevalence of <i>H. pylori</i> infection was very high. Most cases of gastric cancers are ascribed to <i>H. pylori</i> infection. Therefore, education should be given to communities so as to increase their awareness of the infection and the associated major explanatory risk factors identified in the present study.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2023 ","pages":"2305681"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10365919/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9930069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Negative Fluid Balance on Mortality and Outcome of Patients with Confirmed COVID-19.","authors":"Seyed Parsa Eftekhar, Mahdi Sepidarkish, Parviz Amri Maleh, Iraj Jafaripour, Mohammad Taghi Hedayati, Kamyar Amin, Roghayeh Pourkia, Saeid Abroutan, Mehrdad Saravi, Farzad Jalali, Mahmoud Sadeghi Haddad Zavareh, Naghmeh Ziaie","doi":"10.1155/2023/6957341","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/6957341","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Maintaining the proper fluid balance is a fundamental step in the management of hospitalized patients. The current study evaluated the impact of negative fluid balance on outcomes of patients with confirmed COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We considered the negative fluid balance as a higher output fluid compared to the input fluid. The fluid balance was categorized into four groups (group 4: -850 to -500 ml/day; group 3: -499 to -200 ml/day, group 2: -199 to 0 ml/day, and group 1 : 1 to 1000 ml/day) and included ordinally in the model. The outcomes were all-cause mortality, length of hospitalization, and improvement in oxygen saturation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The fluid balance differed significantly among nonsurvivors and survivors (MD: -317.93, 95% CI: -410.21, -225.69, and <i>p</i> < 0.001). After adjusting for potential confounders, there was a significantly lower frequency of mortality in patients with negative fluid balance compared to the controls (aRR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.57, 0.84, and <i>p</i> < 0.001). Similarly, the length of hospitalization was significantly shorter in the negative fluid balance group in comparison to the control group (aMD: -1.01, 95% CI: -1.74, -0.28, and <i>p</i>=0.006).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We determined that the negative fluid balance was associated with favorable outcomes in COVID-19 patients. The negative fluid balance was associated with the reduced mortality rate and length of hospitalization as well as improvement in oxygen saturation. Moreover, the NT-proBNP >781 pg/mL and fluid balance >-430 mL might be the predictors for positive fluid balance and mortality, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2023 ","pages":"6957341"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10260309/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9636109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Community-Level Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice about Dengue Fever and the Identification of Mosquito Breeding Containers in Dire Dawa City of Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"T. Kebede, Bedasa Tesema, A. Mesfin, Dejene Getachew","doi":"10.1155/2023/4349078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/4349078","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Lately, dengue fever (DF) is an emerging viral disease, one of the top 10 threats to global health, causing 24 million–130 million symptomatic cases and 10,000–50,000 deaths yearly. DF threat has expanded beyond traditional areas of endemicity, with over 50% of the world population now estimated to live in areas at risk of dengue virus (DV) transmission. Hence, the current study aimed to assess the community’s knowledge, attitude, and practice about DF transmission and its prevention and to identify mosquito breeding containers in Dire Dawa City, Ethiopia. Methods. A household-based cross-sectional study was conducted from February to September 2022. A semistructured questionnaire was used to collect data. Immature stages of mosquitoes were collected from human habitations to identify their breeding containers. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. A \u0000 \u0000 p\u0000 \u0000 value of <0.05 was used to declare a significant association between variables at a 95% level of confidence. Results. About 95.1% of respondents had information about DF, where the majority (58.0%) heard from relatives, friends, and families and 43.3% from health professionals. Only 17.9% knew DF was caused by viruses. Around 83%, 79%, and 50.8% of respondents knew that fever, headache, and back pain are the sign and symptoms of DF, respectively. Sadly, only 4.2% knew that DF vectors bite during day time and 10.5% of respondents did not know DF transmission season. The majority (80.5%) of respondents knew that DF is a preventable disease. Totally, 6,853 water-holding containers were identified, out of this 77% were jerrycans and 14.1% were barreled. Out of the identified water-holding containers, 7.73% were positive for mosquito larvae/pupae. House index (HI), container index (CI), and Breteau index (BI) were 19.5, 8.38, and 45.14, respectively. Conclusion. The majority of the community members has no awareness of the DF vectors, time of bites, pick transmission season, and their protection mechanisms. The habit to store water in and around habitation was prevalent. Hence, programmed and institutionalized awareness is mandatory for the control and prevention of DF and its vectors and for breaking the transmission cycle in Dire Dawa communities.","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43340657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generalized Linear Regression Model to Determine the Threshold Effects of Climate Variables on Dengue Fever: A Case Study on Bangladesh","authors":"Shamima Hossain","doi":"10.1155/2023/2131801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/2131801","url":null,"abstract":"One of the leading causes of the increase in the intensity of dengue fever transmission is thought to be climate change. Examining panel data from January 2000 to December 2021, this study discovered the nonlinear relationship between climate variables and dengue fever cases in Bangladesh. To determine this relationship, in this study, the monthly total rainfall in different years has been divided into two thresholds: (90 to 360 mm) and (<90 or >360 mm), and the daily average temperature in different months of the different years has been divided into four thresholds: (16°C to ≤20°C), (>20°C to ≤25°C), (>25°C to ≤28°C), and (>28°C to ≤30°C). Then, quasi-Poisson and zero-inflated Poisson regression models were applied to assess the relationship. This study found a positive correlation between temperature and dengue incidence and furthermore discovered that, among those four average temperature thresholds, the total number of dengue cases is maximum if the average temperature falls into the threshold (>28°C to ≤30°C) and minimum if the average temperature falls into the threshold (16°C to ≤20°C). This study also discovered that between the two thresholds of monthly total rainfall, the risk of a dengue fever outbreak is approximately two times higher when the monthly total rainfall falls into the thresholds (90 mm to 360 mm) compared to the other threshold. This study concluded that dengue fever incidence rates would be significantly more affected by climate change in regions with warmer temperatures. The number of dengue cases rises rapidly when the temperature rises in the context of moderate to low rainfall. This study highlights the significance of establishing potential temperature and rainfall thresholds for using risk prediction and public health programs to prevent and control dengue fever.","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46138538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes and Its Predictors among Tuberculosis Patients Registered at Tefera Hailu Memorial General Hospital, Sekota Town, Northeast Ethiopia: A Seven-Year Retrospective Study.","authors":"Habtu Debash, Jemberu Nega, Habtye Bisetegn, Gebru Tesfaw, Daniel Getacher Feleke, Hussen Ebrahim, Alemu Gedefie, Mihret Tilahun, Ousman Mohammed, Ermiyas Alemayehu, Melaku Ashagrie Belete, Abdurahaman Seid, Agumas Shibabaw","doi":"10.1155/2023/4212312","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/4212312","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite the availability of effective medications, tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a serious global public health problem, primarily affecting low and middle-income nations. Measuring and reporting TB treatment outcomes and identifying associated factors are fundamental parts of TB treatment. The goal of this study was to look at the outcomes of TB treatment and the factors that influence them in Sekota, Northeast Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A facility-based retrospective study was conducted in Tefera Hailu Memorial General Hospital, Sekota town, Northeast Ethiopia. All TB patients who registered in the TB log book and had known treatment outcomes at the treatment center between January 1, 2015, and December 30, 2021, were included in this study. The data was gathered utilizing a pretested structured data extraction format that comprised demographic, clinical, and treatment outcome characteristics. Data were entered, cleaned, and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were employed. A <i>p</i> value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 552 registered TB patients' data were reviewed. Of these, 49.6% were male, 94.4% were new cases, 64.9% were presented with pulmonary TB, and 18.3% were HIV positive. Regarding the treatment outcome, 11.6% were cured, 82.2% completed their treatment, 1.1% had failed treatment, 1.3% were lost to follow-up, and the remaining 3.8% died during the follow-up. The overall treatment success rate among TB patients was 93.8%. The maximum number of successful treatment outcomes was 94.9% in 2021, while the lowest was 86.7% in 2020. The pattern of successful treatment results changes with the number of years of treatment. In the current study, being a new TB patient (AOR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.31-7.32) and being an HIV-negative patient (AOR = 2.64, 95% CI: 1.20-5.8) were factors independently associated with a successful treatment outcome.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The rate of successful TB treatment outcomes in the current study was satisfactory. This achievement should be maintained and enhanced further by developing effective monitoring systems and educating patients about medication adherence.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2023 ","pages":"4212312"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10010884/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9475725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring COVID-19 and Influenza: The Added Value of a Severe Acute Respiratory Infection Surveillance System in Portugal.","authors":"Ana Rita Torres, Verónica Gómez, Irina Kislaya, Ana Paula Rodrigues, Margarida Fernandes Tavares, Ana Catarina Pereira, Débora Pereira, Rita Côrte-Real, Carlos Humberto Flores, Nuno Verdasca, Raquel Guiomar, Ausenda Machado","doi":"10.1155/2023/6590011","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/6590011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) surveillance is recommended to assess the severity of respiratory infections disease. In 2021, the National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, in collaboration with two general hospitals, implemented a SARI sentinel surveillance system based on electronic health registries. We describe its application in the 2021/2022 season and compare the evolution of SARI cases with the COVID-19 and influenza activity in two regions of Portugal.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The main outcome of interest was the weekly incidence of patients hospitalized due to SARI, reported within the surveillance system. SARI cases were defined as patients containing ICD-10 codes for influenza-like illness, cardiovascular diagnosis, respiratory diagnosis, and respiratory infection in their primary admission diagnosis. Independent variables included weekly COVID-19 and influenza incidence in the North and Lisbon and Tagus Valley regions. Pearson and cross-correlations between SARI cases, COVID-19 incidence and influenza incidence were estimated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A high correlation between SARI cases or hospitalizations due to respiratory infection and COVID-19 incidence was obtained (<i>ρ</i> = 0.78 and <i>ρ</i> = 0.82, respectively). SARI cases detected the COVID-19 epidemic peak a week earlier. A weak correlation was observed between SARI and influenza cases (<i>ρ</i> = -0.20). However, if restricted to hospitalizations due to cardiovascular diagnosis, a moderate correlation was observed (<i>ρ</i> = 0.37). Moreover, hospitalizations due to cardiovascular diagnosis detected the increase of influenza epidemic activity a week earlier.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In the 2021/2022 season, the Portuguese SARI sentinel surveillance system pilot was able to early detect the COVID-19 epidemic peak and the increase of influenza activity. Although cardiovascular manifestations associated with influenza infection are known, more seasons of surveillance are needed, to confirm the potential use of cardiovascular hospitalizations as an indicator of influenza activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2023 ","pages":"6590011"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9950323/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10800477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coronavirus Infection in Neonates: Neurodevelopmental Outcomes at 18 Months of Age.","authors":"Mariam Ayed, Zainab Alsaffar, Zainab Bahzad, Yasmeen Buhamad, Ali Abdulkareem, Alaa AlQattan, Alia Embaireeg, Mais Kartam, Hessa Alkandari","doi":"10.1155/2023/6140085","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/6140085","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although most neonates with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection experience only mild disease, its impact on neurodevelopmental outcomes is unknown. This study aimed to assess the 18-month neurodevelopmental outcomes of infants who had SARS-CoV-2 infection as neonates.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The authors conducted a prospective cohort study of neonates diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection from June 2020 to December 2020 through nasopharyngeal coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A total of 58 neonates were identified from the Kuwait National COVID-19 Registry and enrolled. Historical controls were selected from the neonatal follow-up registry and matched in a 2 : 1 ratio based on sex and gestational age. When the subjects were 18 months of age, their neurodevelopmental outcomes were assessed by two trained assessors using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development-3rd Edition (BSID-III).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty children diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection were included in the final analysis. The median age at infection was 18 days (range: 10-26 days). Eighteen (45%) patients were asymptomatic, 15 (37.5%) had a sepsis-like presentation, 5 (12.5%) exhibited respiratory distress, and 2 (5%) had a multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C)-like presentation. At the 18 months follow-up, only one child showed a severe developmental delay and one child had a language delay. BSID-III outcomes did not differ significantly between the SARS-CoV-2-infected and control groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There was no difference in neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18 months in children infected with SARS-CoV-2 compared with controls, although longer neurodevelopmental follow-up studies are required.</p>","PeriodicalId":50715,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology","volume":"2023 ","pages":"6140085"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9829449/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10578661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}