Carbon Letters最新文献

{"title":"Janus-Wettability electrode with porous PVA-PDMS interface for enhanced ion transport and high-performance supercapacitor","authors":"Yaru Ding,&nbsp;Haojie Zhang,&nbsp;Rangtong Liu,&nbsp;Yifan Wang,&nbsp;Yan Zheng","doi":"10.1007/s42823-025-00900-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42823-025-00900-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Surface wetting gradient design plays a crucial role in enhancing liquid transportation in smart devices. However, achieving Janus wetting interfacial design to manage high-efficient ion transport paths remains a great challenge in textile electrodes. Herein, a porous polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) gel layer was constructed on one side of the composite electrode, while a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) solution was sprayed onto the opposite side of electrode to obtain an asymmetric Janus-wettability textile electrode. Furthermore, the design of asymmetric wettability gradient and multilevel structure has been facilitated to directional liquid self-drive and ion transmission in a Janus-wettability textile electrode. Compared with the charge transfer resistance (Rct) of pure PDMS superhydrophobic electrode (1.58 Ω), the Rct of Janus-wettability electrode was 1.31 Ω, which reveals that the porous PVA layer is beneficial to promoting a rapid electron transfer. For solid-state supercapacitors (FSCs) with Janus-wettability electrode, the Rct of Janus-FSCs (0.5 Ω) was reduced by 90% compared to the composite FSCs (4.6 Ω) without PDMS coating, confirming a faster ionic diffusion after the introduction of stable PDMS superhydrophobic surface for wettability gradient. Moreover, the Janus-wettability FSCs also achieved a specific energy density of 0.104 mWh cm⁻² at 1.2 mW cm⁻², and cycle stability (96.8% after 10,000 cycles). These insights demonstrate the effectiveness of interface coordination in textile electrodes for enhancing electrochemical performance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":506,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Letters","volume":"35 5","pages":"2067 - 2079"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145230485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sulfonated graphene oxide for proton exchange membranes with significantly enhanced proton conductivity","authors":"Shuyan Lin,&nbsp;Yongxiang Wang,&nbsp;Xiaokun Dong,&nbsp;Yongwen Cui,&nbsp;Hongxing Dou,&nbsp;Zhong Niu,&nbsp;Li Wang,&nbsp;Jiangshan Gao,&nbsp;Yan He","doi":"10.1007/s42823-025-00898-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42823-025-00898-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To improve the proton conductivity of the proton exchange membranes (PEM), an amino derivative with sulfonic acid groups was used to modify graphene oxide (GO), resulting in sulfonated graphene oxide (S-GO), which was then incorporated into a perfluorinated sulfonic acid (PFSA) matrix to fabricate a PFSA/S-GO composite membranes. Elevating the doping concentration of S-GO within the composite membrane has resulted in enhanced proton conductivity, outperforming the baseline PFSA membrane across a range of temperatures. Notably, this conductivity ascended to 291.89 mS/cm when measured at 80 °C under conditions of 100% RH. Furthermore, the strong interface interaction between sulfonated graphene oxide and perfluorinated sulfonic acid polymer endowed the composite proton exchange membrane with excellent thermal stability and mechanical strength.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":506,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Letters","volume":"35 4","pages":"1731 - 1740"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145161655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of zinc oxide/reduced graphene oxide microspheres for the photodegradation of bisphenol F","authors":"Soyeong Yoon,&nbsp;Jeong-A Kim,&nbsp;Jin-Hyuk Choi,&nbsp;Taesoon Jang,&nbsp;Narae Kim,&nbsp;Hyun-Kyung Kim,&nbsp;Jeong-Ann Park","doi":"10.1007/s42823-025-00901-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42823-025-00901-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bisphenol F (BPF) is a substitute agent for bisphenol A and is widely used in the production of materials such as epoxy resins and plastics. BPF accumulates in surface water because of its nonbiodegradable and recalcitrant nature, making it difficult to remove. In this study, the removal of BPF through a photocatalytic process was evaluated using zinc oxide (ZnO)/reduced graphene oxide (RGO) microspheres. A spray drying method was used to prepare the ZnO/RGO microspheres, which combine the photocatalytic efficiency of ZnO with the high electron mobility and large surface area of RGO, achieving a bandgap of 2.53 eV. Structural and morphological analyses confirmed the successful hybridization of the ZnO/RGO microsphere composite. The photocatalytic activity of the ZnO/RGO microspheres was evaluated under various light sources, with the highest degradation efficiency achieved under ultraviolet C irradiation. The optimal catalyst dosage of the ZnO/RGO microspheres was determined to be 0.1 g/L for BPF removal (BPF initial concentration = 5 mg/L). Scavenger tests revealed the dominance of superoxide radicals (O₂^·−) in the degradation process. The effects of pH (3.52–9.59), ions (Cl⁻, NO₃⁻, and SO₄²⁻), and natural organic matter were also examined to assess the practical applicability of the ZnO/RGO microsphere photocatalytic system. High pH levels and the presence of NO₃⁻ (&gt; 10 mM) were found to enhance BPF removal. This research highlights the potential of the ZnO/RGO microspheres as efficient photocatalysts for the removal of BPF in aqueous solutions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":506,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Letters","volume":"35 5","pages":"2081 - 2092"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145230351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative study of oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions in alkaline, acidic and neutral media using SnS2/C catalyst","authors":"Iqra Fareed,&nbsp;Masood ul Hassan Farooq,&nbsp;Muhammad Danish Khan,&nbsp;Muhammad Farooq Khan,&nbsp;Mashal Firdous,&nbsp;Zeeshan Asghar,&nbsp;Yahya Sandali,&nbsp;Muhammad Tahir,&nbsp;Faheem K. Butt","doi":"10.1007/s42823-025-00894-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42823-025-00894-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Efficient energy conversion technologies require cost-effective and durable catalysts for water oxidation. This study presents SnS₂/C composite synthesized via solvothermal method to enhance electrocatalytic performance in water splitting. Morphological analysis reveals that carbon incorporation disrupts the flower-like SnS₂ nanosheets<b>,</b> increasing active site accessibility and improving charge transfer efficiency. Three different electrolytes (KOH, PBS and H₂SO₄) are systematically employed to evaluate the material’s electrocatalytic activity comprehensively. The electrochemical tests indicate that pure SnS₂ exhibits an overpotential (η) of 410 mV at 10 mA/cm² for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in 1 M KOH. Integration of carbon significantly lowers this value to 180 mV with a tafel slope of 103 mV/dec for SSC12 (1:2 SnS₂/C) composite. For hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in acidic media, SSC12 achieves an η of 275 mV at 500 mA/cm² with a tafel slope of 121 mV/dec. The catalyst further demonstrates strong durability for OER in 1 M KOH but shows diminished HER activity in 0.5 M H₂SO₄. This study demonstrates the synergistic role of carbon in enhancing SnS₂ catalytic attributes, emphasizing the potential of these composites for sustainable energy conversion applications.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":506,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Letters","volume":"35 5","pages":"2029 - 2042"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145230346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the effect of microwave growth parameter regulation in the growth and thermoelectric properties of zinc oxide nanorods/carbon fabric for wearable thermoelectric application","authors":"C. Suresh Prasanna,&nbsp;S. Harish,&nbsp;T. Yamakawa,&nbsp;K. Ikeda,&nbsp;Y. Hayakawa,&nbsp;H. Hamasaki,&nbsp;H. Ikeda,&nbsp;M. Navaneethan","doi":"10.1007/s42823-025-00890-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42823-025-00890-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Wearable thermoelectric devices offer a transformative approach to energy harvesting, providing sustainable solutions for powering next-generation technologies. In pursuit of efficient, flexible, biocompatible, and cost-effective thermoelectric materials, zinc oxide (ZnO) has emerged as a distinctive candidate due to its unique combination of favorable properties. This study explores the growth and optimization of ZnO nanorods on conductive carbon fabric (CF) using a simple microwave-assisted solvothermal technique. This method circumvents traditional complex processes that typically involve high temperatures or lengthy growth times, offering advantages such as rapid, uniform, and controllable volumetric heating. By systematically varying growth parameters, including microwave power and reaction time, we established conditions that promote the vertical alignment of ZnO nanorods, essential for enhancing thermoelectric performance. Structural and morphological analyses highlight the pivotal influence of the seed layer and growth parameters in achieving dense, uniform growth of ZnO nanorods. Interestingly, at higher microwave power levels, a transformation from nanorod structures to sheet-like morphologies was observed, likely due to Ostwald ripening, where larger particles grow at the expense of smaller ones. The optimized growth conditions for achieving superior growth and thermoelectric performance were identified as 15 min of growth at 100 W microwave power. Under these conditions, ZnO nanorods exhibited enhanced crystallinity and a higher growth rate, contributing to an improved thermoelectric power factor of 777 nW/mK² at 373 K. This work underscores the importance of precise parameter control in tailoring ZnO nanostructures for wearable thermoelectric applications and demonstrates the potential of scalable, low-cost methods to achieve high-performance energy-harvesting materials.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":506,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Letters","volume":"35 4","pages":"1715 - 1729"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145169166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitrogen-rich self-doping modified porous carbon material as a CDI electrode for brine desalination","authors":"Bin Hui,&nbsp;Houqi Zhou,&nbsp;An Liu,&nbsp;Chi Fei,&nbsp;Ting Xu,&nbsp;Chunyu Chen,&nbsp;Dianchun Ju,&nbsp;Han Ma,&nbsp;Zuoqiao Zhu,&nbsp;Rui Mao","doi":"10.1007/s42823-025-00891-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42823-025-00891-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Capacitive deionization (CDI) represents a novel technology for the desalination and purification of seawater. Selecting the appropriate electrode material is crucial, with carbon electrodes frequently employed owing to their high specific surface area, extensive porous structure, and environmentally sustainable nature. This study presents a nitrogen-doped porous carbon, derived from household waste, which demonstrates outstanding electrochemical and desalination performance. The purified chitosan was mixed with a specific ratio of CaCO₃ and carbonized at 800 °C to produce chitosan porous carbon (CPC-T). To verify the role of the templating agent, its performance was compared with chitosan porous carbon (CPC) prepared by direct carbonization. CPC-T possesses more mesoporous structures (31.25%), shortening ion transport pathways and significantly enhancing charge transfer rates. The nitrogen-rich doping (8.65 at%) provides numerous active sites and excellent conductivity, making it highly appropriate for capacitive deionization applications. Compared to CPC prepared without a templating agent, CPC-T has a higher specific capacitance (101.5 F g⁻¹ at a scan rate of 2 mV s⁻¹) and good cycling stability. The CDI cell made from it exhibits a salt adsorption capacity (SAC) of 25.8 mg g⁻¹ for 500 mg L⁻¹ NaCl solution at an applied voltage of 1.4 V, retaining 88% capacity after 50 adsorption–desorption cycles, demonstrating excellent desalination regeneration performance. Additionally, among different concentrations of salt solutions, the CPC-T material shows the best desalination performance for the test solution at a concentration of 500 mg L⁻¹. For different solute ions, the CDI cell with this material as the electrode exhibits excellent desalination performance for Ca²⁺, with a SAC value of up to 34.02 mg g⁻¹. This is a self-doped porous carbon material that significantly outperforms traditional carbon-based materials.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><p>Schematic representation of the transformation of diverse biomass resources into heteroatom-doped graphene derivatives through pyrolysis, hydrothermal carbonization, and chemical/physical activation processes. These advanced carbon materials exhibit enhanced properties for applications in electrochemical energy storage systems, including batteries, supercapacitors, and fuel cells.</p>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":506,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Letters","volume":"35 4","pages":"1701 - 1714"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145167952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nature’s blueprint for energy: biomass-derived heteroatom-doped graphene materials for advanced energy applications","authors":"Ali İhsan Kömür,&nbsp;Çağdaş Kızıl,&nbsp;Ceren Karaman","doi":"10.1007/s42823-025-00892-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42823-025-00892-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The growing demand for clean energy and sustainable technologies has intensified the need for efficient energy storage systems (EES) that support renewable energy integration while minimizing environmental impact. Biomass, an abundant and renewable resource, presents a cost-effective and eco-friendly pathway for producing advanced carbon materials, particularly heteroatom-doped graphene derivatives. This transformation aligns with circular economy principles by converting waste streams into high-performance materials for EES applications. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of biomass-derived heteroatom-doped graphene materials, focusing on their synthesis, properties, and applications in electrochemical energy storage systems. It addresses a critical gap in the literature by systematically examining the relationship between biomass sources, doping strategies, and their impact on graphene’s electrochemical performance. The study highlights the role of heteroatom doping such as nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and boron in enhancing graphene’s structural and electronic properties. These modifications introduce active sites, improve conductivity, and facilitate ion storage and transport, resulting in superior energy density, cycling stability, and charge–discharge performance in devices such as sodium/lithium-ion batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, supercapacitors, and fuel cells. Recent advancements in green synthesis methods, including pyrolysis, hydrothermal carbonization, and chemical activation, are highlighted, focusing on their scalability and resource efficiency. By addressing both environmental and technological benefits, this review bridges the gap between laboratory research and practical applications. It underscores the critical role of biomass-derived graphene in achieving sustainable energy solutions and advancing the circular economy, offering a roadmap for future innovations in this rapidly evolving field.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><p>Schematic representation of the transformation of diverse biomass resources into heteroatom-doped graphene derivatives through pyrolysis, hydrothermal carbonization, and chemical/physical activation processes. These advanced carbon materials exhibit enhanced properties for applications in electrochemical energy storage systems, including batteries, supercapacitors, and fuel cells.</p>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":506,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Letters","volume":"35 3","pages":"919 - 961"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42823-025-00892-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144084879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing cancer biomarker identification: precise monitoring of MUC1 using V2C/Au nanocomposite-amplified electrochemical biosensor","authors":"Najmeh Zare,&nbsp;Hassan Karimi-Maleh,&nbsp;Zhouxiang Zhang,&nbsp;Li Fu,&nbsp;Jalal Rouhi,&nbsp;Nianbing Zhong,&nbsp;Yangping Wen,&nbsp;Masoumeh Ghalkhani","doi":"10.1007/s42823-025-00887-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42823-025-00887-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work concentrates on the design and implementation of aptamer-based electrochemical biosensors using a layer-by-layer approach for precise tracking of mucin-1 (MUC1), an important biomarker linked to breast cancer. The electrochemical biosensor was created by modifying a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) with V₂C MXene booster and gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs), along with Cd²⁺ integrated aptamer (AP) (SPCE/V₂C-MXene/Au NPs/Cd²⁺-AP). This biosensor demonstrated high specificity and affinity for MUC1, establishing a sensitive quantification mechanism. The MXene nanolayer was produced and analyzed via TEM, XPS, SEM, AFM, BET, and MAP techniques. It served as a supportive material that enhanced electrochemical conductivity and allowed for the integration of the aptamer (AP) as the biological recognition component. The biosensor was constructed by immobilizing MUC1-specific aptamers onto the surfaces of SPCE/V₂C-MXene/Au NPs, enabling selective recognition and binding with MUC1. The recorded signal, corresponding to Cd²⁺ integrated with AP at SPCE/V₂C-MXene/Au NPs/Cd²⁺-AP, enabled quantitative assessment of MUC1 levels. The findings showed a linear concentration span of 1.0–500 pg/mL for detecting MUC1, achieving a detection limit of 3.45 fg/mL utilizing the SPCE/V₂C-MXene/Au NPs/Cd²⁺-AP biosensor. The SPCE/V₂C-MXene/Au NPs/Cd²⁺-AP biosensor exhibited a good affinity for the detection of MUC1 in the presence of other breast cancer biomarkers, confirming its selectivity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":506,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Letters","volume":"35 4","pages":"1691 - 1700"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145166298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward high energy and durable anodes: critical review on Li4Ti5O12–MXene composites","authors":"Fereshteh Abbasi,&nbsp;Farshad Boorboor Ajdari,&nbsp;Mohammadreza Mansournia,&nbsp;Parnaz Asghari,&nbsp;Ali Molaei Aghdam","doi":"10.1007/s42823-025-00888-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42823-025-00888-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>LTO is a commercial anode material that contributes to delivered energy and cycle stability. With affordability and high energy density, graphite faces limited cycle time and inferior stability. Here, we discussed the LTO challenges and compared the Ti-based anode from the original structure to the LTO-MXene composites, which are promising alternative anodes. Spinel lithium titanate (LTO) possesses high working voltage, stability, safety, and negligible volume change, while it suffers from low electronic conductivity that limits rate performance at large current densities. 2D Mxenes have recently drawn attention to various applications due to high conductivity, large surface area, flexibility, and polar surface benefits. We critically reviewed the synthesis approaches, morphology views, and electrochemical behavior of LTO-MXene as new anode materials in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). There are few reports on LTO-MXene anodes in LIBs. They provide a synergistic action of LTO and MXene, enhancing the accessibility of electrolytes and reducing the distance, benefiting fast diffusion. This review paper sheds light on how the synthesis approaches can directly affect LIB configurations' durability and energy density and lead researchers to develop features of LTO anodes with promising engagement.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":506,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Letters","volume":"35 2","pages":"515 - 537"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143740900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural and photocatalytic properties of TiO2/CNT/GO heterojunction materials towards the enhanced degradation of methylene blue dye","authors":"Parveen Akhter,&nbsp;Aimon Saleem,&nbsp; Ume-Laila,&nbsp;Sundus Umer,&nbsp;Murid Hussain,&nbsp;Young-Kwon Park","doi":"10.1007/s42823-025-00889-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42823-025-00889-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>TiO₂/CNT/GO heterostructure nanocomposite was synthesized by solvothermal method for the removal or degradation of methylene blue (MB). The physical and chemical characteristics were assessed by various characterization techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed the external and internal morphology of the heterostructure materials with irregular shapes. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that the internal structure was preserved after incorporating CNTs and GO into TiO₂, and the average particle size distribution was determined using an SEM histogram with an average particle size of 85.5 nm. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) was performed to evaluate the elemental mapping of heterojunction confirm the presence of C, O, and Ti. X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed a crystalline nature and the size of as synthesized material was calculated as 17.08 nm. UV–vis spectroscopy (UV–vis) was conducted to observe the optical behavior and light scattering phenomena of heterostructure materials. Various factors, such as different doses of heterostructure (0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 g), dye concentration (10, 20, and 30 ppm), irradiation time (0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min), were carried out at 25 °C. The TiO₂/CNT/GO heterostructure induced 91% methylene blue (MB) degradation in 120 min with superior cycling stability after regeneration for four cycles. The optimal reaction conditions were adopted to obtain the highest degradation rate using 0.2 g of the heterostructure, 30 ppm MB concentration, 120 min of light irradiation, and 25 °C reaction temperature. The TiO₂/CNT/GO photocatalyst exhibited enhanced kinetic performance, catalytic stability, structural reliability, and reactivity for 91% degradation efficiency of MB.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":506,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Letters","volume":"35 4","pages":"1677 - 1689"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145164766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}