Carbon Letters最新文献

{"title":"Effects of micropore size of activated carbon fibers prepared by steam activation on toluene adsorption","authors":"Hae-Reum Shin,&nbsp;Dong-Jun Kwon,&nbsp;Man-Tae Kim","doi":"10.1007/s42823-026-01081-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42823-026-01081-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Activated carbon fibers (ACFs) are highly effective adsorbents for gas separation, water purification, and hazardous gas removal owing to their substantial specific surface area and adjustable pore structure. This study investigated how the pore size of ACFs influenced the adsorption of toluene, a volatile organic compound (VOC). To modulate the pore size, ACFs were synthesized at various steam flow rates during steam activation. All samples demonstrated adsorption efficiencies exceeding 99%, with a maximum capacity of 0.418 g/g, but micropores within the 0.65 to 0.85 nm range proved most effective. Among the samples, ACF0.8 showed the highest adsorption capacity and the longest breakthrough time. Correlation analysis revealed a positive trend between toluene uptake and total ultramicropore volume (R² = 0.84), whereas the 0.65–0.85 nm pore range exhibited a significantly closer association with adsorption capacity (R² = 0.98). These results indicate that controlling the steam flow is a viable strategy for optimizing micropore characteristics, offering practical design guidelines for the development of high-performance ACF-based VOC adsorbents.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":506,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Letters","volume":"36 4","pages":"1655 - 1665"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148458734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tuning interfacial charge dynamics in 2D SnO2–MWCNT composite photoanodes for dye-sensitized solar cells","authors":"Rohan B. Ambade,&nbsp;Sambhaji S. Bhande,&nbsp;Yahya Zweiri,&nbsp;Rajaram S. Mane,&nbsp;Swapnil B. Ambade","doi":"10.1007/s42823-026-01080-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42823-026-01080-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper presents a low-temperature, facile, and cost-effective wet chemical synthesis of two-dimensional (2D) tin oxide (SnO₂)–multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composites for efficient dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Incorporating varying concentrations of MWCNTs into 2D SnO₂ nanosheets significantly enhanced the overall photovoltaic performance by improving charge separation and suppressing electron–hole recombination. The 2D SnO₂–MWCNT composites exhibited remarkable photoluminescence quenching and increased UV-vis absorbance, indicating efficient photoinduced charge transfer. The optimized 2D SnO₂–MWCNT composite photoanode achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.84%, which was ~ 3.5 times higher than that of the pristine SnO₂ nanosheets (1.83%). This PCE improvement was attributed to an increase in the short-circuit current density (<i>J</i>_<i>sc</i>) and the fill factor (<i>FF</i>). Additionally, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements confirmed the reduced charge transport resistance, increased electron diffusion length, enhanced charge collection efficiency, and enhanced electron mobility of the 2D SnO₂–MWCNT composites. This improved photovoltaic performance is primarily attributed to the incorporation of MWCNTs, which provide efficient electron-conducting pathways that mitigate recombination. These results highlight the potential of 2D SnO₂–MWCNT composites as efficient photoanodes for DSSCs, providing valuable insights into the interfacial charge dynamics of next-generation optoelectronic devices.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":506,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Letters","volume":"36 4","pages":"1643 - 1654"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42823-026-01080-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148458852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning prediction of CO₂ solubility in deep eutectic solvent-MDEA mixtures","authors":"Amir Hossein Sheikhshoaei,&nbsp;Ali Sanati","doi":"10.1007/s42823-026-01082-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42823-026-01082-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study introduces machine learning (ML) models to predict CO₂ solubility in mixtures of a deep eutectic solvent (tetrabutylammonium bromide: ethylene glycol, 1:4 molar ratio) and methyldiethanolamine (MDEA). To ensure robust extrapolation capabilities and prevent potential data leakage, a rigorous grouped validation strategy, known as “Leave-One-Composition-Out,” was implemented, replacing conventional random data splitting. Four ML algorithms, Gradient Boosting (GBoost), Gaussian Process Regression (GPR), AdaBoost-SVR, and Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), were evaluated using temperature, pressure, and MDEA weight% as input features. Results revealed that the GPR model outperformed all others across all statistical metrics, achieving an <span>({R}^{2})</span> value of 0.996 and a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.2839%. Furthermore, SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) analysis identified pressure as the most significant driving factor for CO₂ solubility, while temperature exhibited an inverse correlation. Crucially, this perfect alignment with fundamental principles clearly demonstrates that the model successfully learned the underlying thermodynamic relationships rather than merely memorizing numerical data. Finally, leverage validation confirmed that 99.16% of the data points safely reside within the model’s valid applicability domain. This work establishes the developed GPR framework as a highly reliable and physically consistent approach for predicting CO₂ solubility and optimizing complex multi-component capture systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":506,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Letters","volume":"36 4","pages":"1667 - 1679"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148458667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual-function phosphoric acid strategy for synthesis of 3D cage-structured mesoporous carbons with tunable pore/window architectures toward high-performance lithium–sulfur batteries","authors":"Sun Hyu Kim,&nbsp;Je Yeon Kim,&nbsp;Hyung Ik Lee,&nbsp;Yongwoo Lee,&nbsp;Hye Ran Kim,&nbsp;Kyoung Mun Kim,&nbsp;Seok Kim,&nbsp;Yongju Jung","doi":"10.1007/s42823-026-01083-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42823-026-01083-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A new synthesis route for three-dimensional cage-type mesoporous carbon was developed using phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄) as a dual-function catalyst. H₃PO₄ promoted dehydration of sucrose as an acid catalyst and enabled systematic tuning of both cage size and inter-cage window size by forming a polyphosphoric acid layer at the silica–carbon interface. By increasing the H₃PO₄/sucrose molar ratio, uniform mesopore diameters expanded from 13.1 to 16.6 nm and window sizes from 7.3 to 9.8 nm at a pyrolysis temperature of 900 °C. In lithium-sulfur (Li–S) batteries, enlarged windows significantly improved lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) transport and rate capability. Notably, a well-preserved, template-replicated mesoporous framework was achieved even at an exceptionally low carbonization temperature of 400 °C, whereas sulfuric-acid-derived samples exhibited poorly developed porosity and structural collapse under identical conditions. The cage-type mesoporous carbon synthesized at 400 °C retained abundant oxygen- and phosphorus-containing polar functional groups, as confirmed by elemental analysis and XPS, leading to markedly enhanced LiPSs adsorption. Accordingly, the highly functionalized mesoporous carbon delivered superior cycling stability, maintaining 82.3% of its initial capacity after 300 cycles. Post-mortem XPS analysis further confirmed strong chemical interactions between LiPSs and surface functional groups. Importantly, H₃PO₄ played a dual role as an acid catalyst and pore-structure modifier by forming a polyphosphoric acid layer at the silica–carbon interface. This layer stabilized the carbon precursor via strong polar–polar interactions, effectively suppressing pore collapse and mesopore merging. Such interfacial stabilization can provide a general strategy for the low-temperature fabrication of structurally robust mesoporous carbons.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":506,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Letters","volume":"36 4","pages":"1681 - 1693"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148459000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cashew Nut Shell–derived activated carbon/MWCNTs composite electrodes for enhanced Supercapacitor performance","authors":"Nivetha Rajendran,&nbsp;Velmathi Guruviah","doi":"10.1007/s42823-026-01078-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42823-026-01078-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Supercapacitors (SCs) are one of the sophisticated energy storage devices because of their high capacitance, power density, and extended cycle life. In contrast to conventional batteries, Supercapacitors store energy electrostatically, allowing millions of operation cycles. Activated carbons (AC) made from biomass can be designed to have a hierarchical pore structure and a high specific surface area. These parameters create enormous sites for ion adsorption for SCs to store energy. In the present work, the Activated carbon was made from the Cashew Nut Shell (CNS) through chemical activation (KOH) process, and the composites (MWCNTs) with various concentrations (0wt%, 1wt%, 3wt%, 5wt%, 10wt%) were merged with the AC for making supercapacitor electrodes. From the above, the sample CM–2 (3wt% of MWCNTs + AC) exhibits a high specific surface area (1160.4 m²/g), which shows a high specific capacity of 82.5 F/g at a current of 1 mA in a two–electrode system. Moreover, it displays a maximum specific energy density of 27.8Wh kg^–1 at a specific power density of 808.4 W kg^–1. Furthermore, the fabricated coin cell for the sample CM–2 exhibited a capacitance retention of 95.58% even after the 10,000 charge–discharge cycles. Thus, the optimal wt% of MWCNTs with the AC is considered as a suitable and effective electrode for the Supercapacitor applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":506,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Letters","volume":"36 4","pages":"1615 - 1628"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148458841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive review: challenges, strategies, and prospects of brazing fillers for joining carbon-carbon composites with self and other materials","authors":"V. Vignesh,&nbsp;Sudheer Reddy Beyanagari,&nbsp;R. Vaira Vignesh,&nbsp;M. Govindaraju","doi":"10.1007/s42823-026-01076-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42823-026-01076-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Carbon-Carbon (C_f-C) composites are widely used in aerospace and nuclear applications due to their low density, excellent thermal stability, and superior mechanical properties. However, joining C_f-C to metals, ceramics, or itself remains challenging due to poor wettability and a large coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) mismatch, leading to residual stresses, interfacial reactions, and joint degradation. Brazing has emerged as a promising solution with the use of active filler alloys. This review compares different filler systems based on wettability and performance. Al, Ag, and Cu-based fillers provide moderate joint strength (~ 20–50 MPa) but are suitable for lower-temperature applications. In contrast, Ni and Ti-based fillers provide higher strength (~ 50–70 MPa) and improved thermal performance (up to ~ 900 °C), although residual stresses and interfacial brittleness remain key challenges. In addition, recent approaches, such as particle-reinforced fillers and interlayer coatings, have shown potential in reducing residual stresses and improving joint reliability. This review highlights the relationships between filler composition, microstructure, wettability, and mechanical performance, and outlines current limitations and future directions for developing advanced brazing fillers for C_f-C composite joining.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":506,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Letters","volume":"36 4","pages":"1583 - 1614"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148459165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hierarchical porous carbon derived from Monoon longifolium seeds as high-performance supercapacitor electrodes","authors":"Ariharan Arjunan,&nbsp;Sivaprakasam Radhakrishnan,&nbsp;Sung-Kon Kim","doi":"10.1007/s42823-026-01079-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42823-026-01079-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Electrochemical capacitors predominantly rely on porous carbon materials with high specific surface areas; however, precise control over pore size distribution remains a critical challenge in optimizing electrode performance. In this study, we present a two-step activation strategy for fabricating hierarchical porous carbon derived from Monoon longifolium seed biomass (HPC-MS), which enables systematic tuning of the pore architecture. The optimized carbon material demonstrated a high specific surface area of 898 m² g⁻¹ with well-developed hierarchical porosity. When evaluated in a two-electrode symmetric configuration, the HPC-MS electrode delivered an impressive specific capacitance of 368 F g⁻¹ at a current density of 1 A g⁻¹, along with outstanding cycling stability, retaining 97.2% of its capacitance after 5000 charge–discharge cycles. These results demonstrate the potential of waste biomass as a sustainable carbon source and provide a promising pathway for developing high-performance supercapacitors through rational pore structure engineering.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div><div><p>The synthesis of the hierarchical porous carbon derived from <i>Monoon longifolium</i> seed (HPC-MS) biomass involves a two-step process comprising chemical activation and carbonization. The activation step promotes the development of a hierarchical pore network featuring interconnected micropores, mesopores, and macropores. This multiscale architecture facilitates efficient ion transport, enhances electrolyte accessibility, and significantly improves the electrochemical performance of the resulting electrode material for high-performance supercapacitor.</p></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":506,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Letters","volume":"36 4","pages":"1629 - 1642"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148459157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal exfoliation-deposition method for morphology-controlled fabrication of 2D-g-C3N4/CuO heterojunctions: efficient photocatalytic degradation of carbendazim and methylene blue","authors":"Pandian Lakshmanan,&nbsp;Cheol Hwan Kwak,&nbsp;Vaidhyanathan Lavanya,&nbsp;Balamurugan Sumithra,&nbsp;Jae-Seung Roh,&nbsp;Vadivel Saravanan,&nbsp;Nallasamy Palanisami,&nbsp;Seung Kyu Hwang","doi":"10.1007/s42823-026-01070-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42823-026-01070-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A facile and scalable thermal exfoliation–deposition method was developed to synthesize 2D g-C₃N₄/CuO heterojunction photocatalysts with controlled morphology. By tuning the g-C₃N₄ loading, the carbon nitride morphology transitions from dispersed two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets to bulk-like three-dimensional (3D) structures, which significantly influences the optical properties and photocatalytic performance of the composites. The photocatalysts were evaluated under solar irradiation for the degradation of carbendazim (CBZ) and methylene blue (MB). The g-C₃N₄/CuO composites exhibited significantly enhanced photocatalytic activity compared to individual g-C₃N₄ and CuO, due to efficient charge separation at the heterojunction. Optimal photocatalytic performance was achieved at 15% g-C₃N₄ loading, achieving up to 98% degradation of CBZ and MB within 80 min. Radical scavenging experiments identified superoxide radicals (O₂•⁻) as the primary reactive species. The 15% g-C₃N₄/CuO composite also showed excellent stability over multiple cycles. These results highligh the importance of interfacial engineering and compositional optimization for efficient, durable, and scalable solar-driven photocatalysts.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture><span>The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.</span></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":506,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Letters","volume":"36 3","pages":"1403 - 1416"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147985351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urea-assisted N-type conversion of laser-induced graphene for thermoelectric applications","authors":"Vala Can Aşkan,&nbsp;Seda Kol,&nbsp;Nihan Aydemir,&nbsp;Ahmet Yavuz Oral","doi":"10.1007/s42823-026-01071-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42823-026-01071-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Thermoelectric materials enable direct heat-to-electricity conversion. They have gained increasing interest in sustainable and wearable energy-harvesting systems. However, progress in flexible thermoelectric devices remains limited by the shortage of high-performance n-type organic materials, hindering the development of efficient p–n complementary modules. Laser-induced graphene (LIG) has attracted considerable attention for thermoelectric applications due to its high electrical conductivity, scalable fabrication, and compatibility with flexible substrates. However, LIG produced from polyimide typically exhibits p-type behavior, which limits its applicability in thermoelectric modules requiring complementary n-type materials. In this study, we address this limitation by introducing a simple and scalable urea-assisted strategy to convert p-type LIG into n-type LIG through nitrogen doping during the laser-induced graphitization process. First, we have fabricated LIG by direct laser writing on polyimide and subsequently treated with 5 and 10 wt% urea solutions, followed by mild annealing. Subsequent structural and chemical characterizations confirmed effective nitrogen incorporation, dominated by graphitic-N species, while preserving the porous 3D LIG network. Thermoelectric measurements revealed enhanced electrical conductivity (up to 1120 S/m) and a clear p-to-n transition, as evidenced by negative Seebeck coefficients in urea-treated films. The optimized LIG-10 N sample delivered the highest thermoelectric performance, reaching a power factor of 0.136 µW m⁻¹ K⁻² at 60 °C. Overall, this work provides a practical route for engineering n-type LIG, supporting the development of flexible thermoelectric modules for wearable and low-power energy-harvesting applications.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture><span>The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.</span></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":506,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Letters","volume":"36 3","pages":"1417 - 1434"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42823-026-01071-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147985167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving the performance of perovskite solar cells by incorporating NiO/rGO nanocomposite into CH3NH3PbI3","authors":"V. Arjun,&nbsp;K.P. Muthukumaran,&nbsp;A. Nithya,&nbsp;M. Yoshimura,&nbsp;P. Manikandan,&nbsp;S. Karuppuchamy","doi":"10.1007/s42823-026-01062-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42823-026-01062-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>NiO/rGO nanocomposites have been synthesized by the hydrothermal method. The various amounts of prepared NiO/rGO nanocomposite were incorporated with perovskite material for fabricating the perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The structure of NiO/rGO-CH₃NH₃PbI₃ based PSC is FTO/c-TiO₂/m-TiO₂/NiO/rGO-CH₃NH₃PbI₃/Carbon. The present NiO/rGO-CH₃NH₃PbI₃ based PSC obtained a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.27 % with a short circuit current (J_sc) of 23.90 mA/cm², an open circuit voltage (V_oc) of 0.94 V and a fill factor (FF) of 0.68. In contrast, the pristine CH₃NH₃PbI₃-based PSC exhibited a PCE of only 8.57 %. The incorporation of NiO/rGO enhanced the charge recombination resistance and improved the interfacial contact, which remarkably facilitated the charge separation, charge transfer and charge collection and effectively suppressed the charge recombination in the PSCs. NiO/rGO-CH₃NH₃PbI₃ based PSCs preserved 93.27 % of their initial PCE after 600 h, which endorses that the stability of the CH₃NH₃PbI₃ layer is secured from moisture by the incorporation of NiO/rGO nanocomposite. The obtained power conversion efficiency and stability of NiO/rGO-CH₃NH₃PbI₃ based PSCs is higher than that of the pristine CH₃NH₃PbI₃ based PSC. The current work clearly demonstrates that the incorporation of NiO/rGO nanocomposite improves the performance and stability of PSCs, simplifies the device fabrication process and reduces the fabrication cost.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture><span>The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.</span></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":506,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Letters","volume":"36 3","pages":"1385 - 1401"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147985350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}