Clinical Anatomy最新文献

{"title":"Critical appraisal of Genelyn soft embalming for cadaveric surgical skill training: A systematic review.","authors":"S S S N Rajasekhar, Kalaivani Kaliyamoorthy, V Dinesh Kumar, Neethu Sivadasan","doi":"10.1002/ca.24236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.24236","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Genelyn is a proprietary embalming solution used for preserving cadavers for surgical skill training (SST) and undergraduate teaching. The aim of this review is to examine the Genelyn embalming method critically by analyzing scientific publications that have employed this method for SST and undergraduate education. The systematic review process involved searching for all relevant articles in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Embase using the keywords \"Genelyn,\" Genelyn embalming,\" \"Genelyn embalmed cadaver,\" and \"surgical skill training. All studies on Genelyn embalming published up to August 14, 2024, in the English language were eligible for inclusion. The literature review yielded 92 studies, 43 of which met the inclusion criteria. The Anatomical Quality Assurance (AQUA) tool from the International Evidence-Based Anatomy (iEBA) working group was used to assess and analyze the risk of bias in all the selected full-text articles. The selected studies reported that Genelyn embalming provided life-like joint range of motion, tissue pliability, and color. Cadaveric studies assessing embalming solutions typically had smaller sample sizes, and few of them compared Genelyn embalmed cadavers (GECs) with the other soft embalming solutions. Unlike Theil's embalming, Genelyn embalming is cost-effective, with easy steps for the preparation and storage of the solution and convenient handling of cadavers. Therefore, GECs serve as an efficient tool for SSTs.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142394959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visualization of the dentogingival junction using micro-plastination technique.","authors":"Jaime Correa-Aravena, Camila Panes, Nikol Ponce, Aurora Prado-Sanhueza, Diego Guzmán, Bélgica Vásquez, Ignacio Roa, Carlos Veuthey, Telma S Masuko, Nicolás E Ottone","doi":"10.1002/ca.24235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.24235","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plastination has revolutionized the field of anatomy and research by providing biosecurity and enabling the long-term preservation of biological material, ranging from entire bodies to individual organs and even micron sections. The dentogingival junction (DGJ) consists of both epithelial and connective tissues that are closely related to the tooth's mineralized tissues. Cutting-grinding techniques are commonly used to visualize DGJ histology. These techniques exclude enamel from preparations and focus on visualizing hard or soft tissues. To improve the micro-anatomical and histological study of this region, we applied micro-plastination technique to obtain micro-thin slices below 150 μm thick from human and animal samples. The DGJ microanatomy was visualized by applying histological stains to the micro-plastinated slices, highlighting the technique's endogenous autofluorescence capacity identifying periodontal tissues, including dentin, enamel, cementoenamel junction, dentinal tubules, connective tissue, and collagen. Based on our results, we confirm that micro-plastination is a useful technique for visualizing anatomical regions that are difficult to access, such as the DGJ. Micro-plastination can be used as an alternative technique, providing a new approach for its application in anatomical and morphological research protocols.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142394960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasonographic assessment of the lateral pterygoid muscle for BoNT-A injection.","authors":"Hyungkyu Bae, Yeon-Hee Lee, Soo-Bin Kim, Kyung-Seok Hu, Hee-Jin Kim","doi":"10.1002/ca.24220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.24220","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The upper head of the lateral pterygoid muscle (LPM) is known to insert into the capsule of the temporomandibular joint and articular disc, and therefore its relationship with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) has been consistently suggested. The aim of the study was to determine the anatomical features of the LPM using ultrasonographic (US) imaging. Around 120 hemifaces from 60 healthy Korean volunteers were included in this study. US images were taken with the subject's mouth 2 cm open. The transducer was placed at a position where the infratemporal fossa could be observed through the mandibular notch, and its position was recorded. The locations of the coronoid process (CorP), lateral margin of the condylar process (ConP), and midpoint of CorP and ConP (MP) were measured with reference to the ala-tragus line. The thicknesses of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, the masseter muscle, the temporalis muscle, and the depth of the LPM were measured at the MP. The masseter muscle, temporalis muscle, and LPM were observed in all cases and located in order from superficial to deep. The MP was located 39.6 ± 3.3 mm anterior and 7.8 ± 1.6 mm inferior to the tragus. The thicknesses of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, the masseter muscle, the temporalis muscle, and the depth of the LPM at the MP were 9.7 ± 1.0, 10.3 ± 1.3, 10.9 ± 1.6, and 30.9 ± 1.9 mm, respectively. The information reported in this study may be useful for determining the location of the LPM and adjacent anatomical structures in TMD patients and provide accurate and safe injection guidelines.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142376278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vertebral body density role in determining vertebral osteoporotic fracture type and its progression","authors":"Yossi Smorgick,&nbsp;Ruth Pelleg-Kallevag,&nbsp;Dror Lindner,&nbsp;Yoram Anekstein,&nbsp;Sergey Goldstein,&nbsp;Hila May","doi":"10.1002/ca.24219","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ca.24219","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Vertebral osteoporotic fractures (VOF) are among the most frequent fractures in the elderly, often leading to an impaired lifestyle and a high economic burden. Although a reduced bone mass density is considered one of the main risk factors for VOF, its role in determining the fracture type, using the AO spine-DGOU classification for osteoporotic thoracolumbar fractures, as well as its progression, is unknown. The current study aimed to: (1) reveal whether the bone density of the vertebral bodies of fractured and non-fractured vertebrae predicts the type of fracture, (2) examine whether bone density is associated with the initial and progressive collapse of the vertebral body, and (3) provide predictive measures for fracture progression. The study sample included 124 patients (40 males and 84 females) with an acute osteoporotic vertebral fracture who underwent a computerized tomography scan at the time of diagnosis and an x-ray at least 3 months later. The bone density of the fractured and adjacent (non-fractured) vertebrae was measured at diagnosis. The magnitude of the collapse and the progression of the fracture over time were calculated from height measurements of the vertebral bodies at diagnosis and follow-up. Age was a significant factor in predicting the fracture type and magnitude of collapse, whereas sex and bone density were not. The severity of the fracture was involved in predicting its progression, demonstrating that severe-type fractures tended to continue to collapse after diagnosis. However, when each type was examined independently, the density of the fractured vertebra had a protective effect on fracture progression. To conclude, identifying the type of fracture is beneficial in determining patient prognosis. Furthermore, the density of the fractured vertebra, the magnitude of collapse, and patient age are valuable predictors of fracture progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":"38 1","pages":"97-104"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ca.24219","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142376279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy of deep fascia: A cadaveric study evaluating feasibility, accuracy and reliability.","authors":"Carmelo Pirri, Alen Zabotti, Nina Pirri, Lucia Petrelli, Ivan Giovannini, Veronica Macchi, Andrea Porzionato, Luca Quartuccio, Raffaele De Caro, Salvatore De Vita, Carla Stecco","doi":"10.1002/ca.24224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.24224","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over the past few decades, researchers and clinicians have dedicated significant attention to fascial tissues. Current interest focuses on their anatomical and pathophysiological features. Breakthroughs in ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have enhanced our ability to study the dynamics and alterations of the tissue structures. However, a microscopic perspective is also essential for a comprehensive understanding of some pathologies of the fasciae. The aim of this study was to investigate, using a cadaveric study: (1) the ease of visualization of the landmarks used for the US-guided fascial core needle biopsy (CNB); (2) the consistency and accuracy of needle placement inside fascial layers using US guidance and confirmed by histological examination; (3) inter-rater reliability. We assessed the feasibility of US-guided CNB in different topographical regions of human cadavers: the thoracolumbar fascia (TLF), fascia lata (FL), and crural fascia (CF). The results, confirmed by histological examination, revealed no significant difference in needle placements between the in-plane approaches in the long and short axes for all locations and fasciae studied (long axis: 91.88%; short axis: 96.22%); p > 0.05. US-guided core needle biopsy with the in-plane approach is feasible, consistent and reliable. It could provide most or all of high-quality fascial tissue samples required for pathological examination. It could also reveal changes in fascial pathologies, capturing the exact site of pathology thanks to US guidance, in particular in patchy diseases such as eosinophilic fasciitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142331696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anatomy is the cynosure of medicine","authors":"R. Shane Tubbs","doi":"10.1002/ca.24230","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ca.24230","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Similarly, in 1680, the prominent London physician Edward Tyson (Figure 1) said, “Physick must certainly acknowledge Anatomy its best Cynosure.” With anatomy as the focus of each of our issues, this issue showcases papers on the parotid gland, sympathetic trunk, fibular artery, supraclavicular nerves, carpal tunnel, and the cavernous sinus.</p><p>Cunningham A.1975. The kinds of anatomy. Med Hist 19:1–19.</p><p>Tyson E. 1680. Phocaenea, or the anatomy of a porpess <i>dissected at Gresham College: with a preliminary discourse concerning Anatomy, and a Natural History of Animals</i>. London: B. Tooke.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":"37 8","pages":"821"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ca.24230","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142331694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trans-obliquus inferior capitis course of the greater occipital nerve: A potential cause of occipital neuralgia?","authors":"Emma R Lesser, Emily M Persons, Marcela Herrera, Anthony Sanchez-Forteza, Silvia M Vergara, Chung Yoh Kim, Juan J Cardona, Keishiro Kikuchi, Yoko Tabira, Aaron S Dumont, Joe Iwanaga, R Shane Tubbs, Rarinthorn Samrid","doi":"10.1002/ca.24226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.24226","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Occipital neuralgia can be due to multiple etiologies. One of these is potential compression of the greater occipital nerve (GON). In this regard, one relationship of the GON, its course through the obliquus inferior capitis muscle (OIC), has yet to be well studied. Therefore, the current anatomical study was performed to elucidate this relationship better. In the prone position, the suboccipital triangle was exposed, and the relationship between the GON and OIC was documented in 72 adult cadavers (144 sides). The GON was found to pierce the OIC on four sides (2.8%), unilaterally in two cadavers and bilaterally in one cadaver. Two cadavers were male, and one was female. Histological samples were taken from GONs with a normal course around the OIC, and nerves were found to pierce the OIC. The GON of all four sides identified histological changes consistent with nerve potential compression (e.g., epineurial and perineurial thickening). This is also the first histological analysis of the trans-OIC course of the GON, demonstrating signs of chronic nerve potential compression. Although uncommon, entrapment of the GON by the OIC may be an underrecognized etiology of occipital neuralgia.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142331695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A national survey on the use of ultrasound as an educational tool to complement anatomy teaching at UK medical schools","authors":"Ansh Tandon,&nbsp;Joseph Moneim,&nbsp;Lauren Hector,&nbsp;Peter Fletcher,&nbsp;Ishpal Moonga,&nbsp;Sarah Fawcett,&nbsp;Helen Taylor,&nbsp;Cecilia Brassett","doi":"10.1002/ca.24229","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ca.24229","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Our aim was to investigate the current use of ultrasound (US) in anatomy teaching across the UK, and to discover potential obstacles in its implementation in the undergraduate medical curriculum. An electronic survey consisting of 31 questions was distributed to anatomy course organizers at all 42 UK medical schools from June to October 2022. Both quantitative and qualitative data were obtained. Analysis of quantitative data was performed using frequency tables while responses to open-ended questions were analyzed individually by authors, and themes were extracted for presentation. There was a 100% response rate, with 23 (55%) medical schools using US in anatomy teaching. Of these, 17 (74%) schools taught normal US anatomy only, while 6 (26%) included pathology. Only 3 (13%) schools delivered weekly sessions, while 3 (13%) schools delivered monthly sessions and 17 (74%) held less frequent sessions. Of the 17 schools with hands-on sessions, these were delivered by radiologists in 6 schools, while sessions in other schools were facilitated by sonographers, other clinicians, students, and anatomy department staff. Students were able to operate US machines themselves in all 17 schools delivering hands-on teaching. Limitations in resources and trained staff as well as time constraints were cited as barriers for the introduction of US in anatomy teaching. Our results indicate that only just over half of all UK medical schools use US in anatomy teaching. As US is increasingly used in screening and diagnosis by various clinicians, learning how to use US early in the medical course would be beneficial. Identifying the barriers to introducing US in the anatomical curriculum is the first step towards the successful development of an US teaching programme.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":"38 1","pages":"90-96"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ca.24229","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142331693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D segmentation and quantitative analysis of age-related changes in the Hoffa fat pad using MRI.","authors":"Amit Benady, Summer Sofer, Roi' Gilad, Liat Tzoran, Ben Efrima, Solomon Dadia, Matias Vidra, Ehud Rath, Eyal Amar","doi":"10.1002/ca.24222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.24222","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The infrapatellar fat pad (IFP), also known as the Hoffa fat pad, is an essential structure in the knee joint with diverse functions and characteristics. Pathological changes in it can lead to anterior knee pain and impingement. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between age and Hoffa fat pad volume. A retrospective analysis was conducted on MRI scans of 100 individuals aged 10-80 years with no Hoffa fat pad pathology. The IFP was meticulously segmented on each sagittal and coronal MRI plane and its volume was calculated on the basis of the segmented boundaries. Correlation analysis was used to explore the relationships among age, sex, height, weight, and patella-related variables. Contrary to the hypothesis, there was no significant correlation between age and Hoffa fat pad volume. However, there were strong positive correlations between Hoffa fat pad volume and individuals' height, patellar height, and patellar ligament length. Multivariable linear regression analysis revealed that height, weight, patellar height, and patellar ligament length collectively explained 67% of Hoffa fat pad volume variability. These findings suggest that the Hoffa fat pad adapts to accommodate morphological changes in the knee joint as individuals grow taller. In conclusion, our study examined Hoffa fat pad volume in individuals across the age spectrum, using advanced imaging techniques to reveal the importance of considering height and knee-related variables for assessing Hoffa fat pad volume. This elucidates age-related volume changes and highlights the need for further research to understand its functional implications and interactions within the knee joint, with the aim of improving orthopedic interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142300078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of ultrasound assisted and intraoperative diameter measurement in acute appendicitis.","authors":"Y Doruk Bilgili,B Haluk Güvenç","doi":"10.1002/ca.24227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.24227","url":null,"abstract":"Detailed anamnesis and systematic physical examination are often relevant in the diagnostic routine of acute appendicitis. However, physicians are increasingly motivated to obtain radiological approval. Inherent limitations due to radiologists' experience and the presenting anatomy may result in contradictory outcomes between the described and intraoperative findings. In this study, a comparison of anthropometric measurements of the appendix vermiformis obtained by radiologists and surgeons in children with acute appendicitis is discussed. The external appendiceal diameter in 53 patients who underwent surgery between April 2022 and January 2024 was measured at three different anatomical locations during preoperative ultrasound and intraoperatively with the help of Vernier calipers. Appendectomy materials were classified into negative, acute, and complicated appendicitis subgroups on the basis of histopathological results. The widest median diameter, expressed in millimeters, was analyzed statistically in terms of diagnostic accuracy. Histopathological analysis revealed negative appendectomy in 15.1%, acute appendicitis in 66%, and complicated appendicitis in 18.8% of the patients. The median age at presentation was 11.4 years (4-17.3 years), and 45.3% of the patients were females. The average median appendiceal diameter was 7.8 ± 2.4 mm according to the caliper and 7.9 ± 2.7 mm according to ultrasound (p > 0.05). The evaluation by the caliper revealed a much smaller diameter in 19 patients than did ultrasound. The appendiceal diameter of eight documented negative appendectomy samples was 7 mm or greater. US failed to identify the presence of an appendicolith in 11 cases (20.8%), all of which were disclosed during histopathological evaluation. It is possible to conclude that ultrasound and intraoperative anthropometric measurements correlate according to our study. Diagnostic accuracy, however, which is individually based on ultrasound appendix diameter values greater than 6 mm, is controversial. It is clear that comparison and further reinterpretation of such anthropometric measurements in light of histopathological consequences may help diminish the frequency of negative and perforated appendectomies.","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142263145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}