Clinical Anatomy最新文献

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Who Knows Anatomy Best? A Comparative Study of ChatGPT-4o, DeepSeek, Gemini, and Claude. 谁最懂解剖学?chatgpt - 40、DeepSeek、Gemini和Claude的比较研究。
IF 2.3 4区 医学
Clinical Anatomy Pub Date : 2025-07-24 DOI: 10.1002/ca.70012
Melek Tassoker
{"title":"Who Knows Anatomy Best? A Comparative Study of ChatGPT-4o, DeepSeek, Gemini, and Claude.","authors":"Melek Tassoker","doi":"10.1002/ca.70012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.70012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study evaluates the performance of ChatGPT-4o (OpenAI), DeepSeek-v3 (DeepSeek), Gemini 2.0 (Google DeepMind), and Claude 3.7 Sonnet (Anthropic) in answering anatomy questions from the Turkish Dental Specialty Admission Exam (DUS). The study aims to compare their accuracy, response times, and answer lengths. A total of 74 text-based multiple choice anatomy questions from the Turkish Dental Specialty Admission Exam (DUS) administered between 2012 and 2021 were analyzed in this study. The questions varied in difficulty and included both basic anatomical identification and clinically oriented scenarios, with a majority focusing on head and neck anatomy, followed by thorax, neuroanatomy, and musculoskeletal regions, which are particularly relevant to dental education. The accuracy of answers was evaluated against official sources, and response times and word counts were recorded. Statistical analyses, including the Kruskal-Wallis and Cochran's Q tests, were used to compare performance differences. ChatGPT-4o demonstrated the highest accuracy (98.6%), while the other models achieved the same rate of 89.2%. Gemini produced the fastest responses (mean: 4.47 s), whereas DeepSeek generated the shortest answers and Gemini the longest (p = 0.000). The differences in accuracy, response times, and word count were statistically significant (p < 0.05). ChatGPT-4o outperformed other models in accuracy for DUS anatomy questions, suggesting its superior potential as a tool for dental education. Future research should explore the integration of LLMs into structured learning programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144709752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Three-Dimensional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Human Stellate Ganglion. 人体星状神经节的三维磁共振成像。
IF 2.3 4区 医学
Clinical Anatomy Pub Date : 2025-07-23 DOI: 10.1002/ca.70006
Masanori Nakajo, Shumpei Mori, Hirofumi Nakayama, Takashi Yoshiura, Shili Xu, Mark Rimmer, Takanori Sato, Mariko Sato, Varun Malik, Noriko Salamon, Xiaodong Zhong, Kim-Lien Nguyen, J Paul Finn, Warwick J Peacock, Kalyanam Shivkumar
{"title":"Three-Dimensional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Human Stellate Ganglion.","authors":"Masanori Nakajo, Shumpei Mori, Hirofumi Nakayama, Takashi Yoshiura, Shili Xu, Mark Rimmer, Takanori Sato, Mariko Sato, Varun Malik, Noriko Salamon, Xiaodong Zhong, Kim-Lien Nguyen, J Paul Finn, Warwick J Peacock, Kalyanam Shivkumar","doi":"10.1002/ca.70006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.70006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reports of visualization of the stellate ganglion via magnetic resonance imaging date back to the early 1990s. However, such imaging has not been fully utilized, presumably due to vagueness of its topographic anatomy, small size, suboptimal image quality, and limited reproducibility. Considering the recent advancements in the field of neuroradiological imaging, including magnetic resonance neurography, and emerging interests regarding cardiac neuroanatomy and neuromodulation, such as stellate ganglion phototherapy, it is time to revisit the anatomy and imaging of the stellate ganglion, as it largely controls the sympathetic tone of the heart. Quantification and qualification of the stellate ganglion can drive innovation in the management and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144692321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
What Is the Appropriate Sample Size in Human Cadaveric Studies? A Quantitative Review of 770 Articles. 人类尸体研究中合适的样本量是多少?770篇论文的数量回顾。
IF 2.3 4区 医学
Clinical Anatomy Pub Date : 2025-07-21 DOI: 10.1002/ca.70007
Joe Iwanaga, Kyoichi Obata, Tomotaka Kato, Rarinthorn Samrid, Emma R Lesser, Juan J Cardona, Keishiro Kikuchi, Chung Yoh Kim, Kisho Ono, Anthony D' Antoni, Noritaka Komune, Yoko Tabira, Mi-Sun Hur, Norio Kitagawa, Hee-Jin Kim, Marios Loukas, Koichi Watanabe, R Shane Tubbs
{"title":"What Is the Appropriate Sample Size in Human Cadaveric Studies? A Quantitative Review of 770 Articles.","authors":"Joe Iwanaga, Kyoichi Obata, Tomotaka Kato, Rarinthorn Samrid, Emma R Lesser, Juan J Cardona, Keishiro Kikuchi, Chung Yoh Kim, Kisho Ono, Anthony D' Antoni, Noritaka Komune, Yoko Tabira, Mi-Sun Hur, Norio Kitagawa, Hee-Jin Kim, Marios Loukas, Koichi Watanabe, R Shane Tubbs","doi":"10.1002/ca.70007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.70007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Determining an appropriate sample size in human cadaveric studies remains a long-standing and unresolved challenge. Unlike other basic science fields, anatomical research is constrained by factors such as limited human donor availability, cultural considerations, and ethical restrictions. Despite these limitations, researchers are often asked to justify sample sizes, yet no standardized guidelines currently exist. To quantitatively assess sample sizes in recent human cadaveric studies and propose evidence-based recommendations for future research, a PubMed search was conducted on February 26, 2024, using the term human cadaveric study. The articles published in 2023 and 2024 were screened, yielding 770 eligible studies. Data extracted included the total sample size, number of classified groups, and journal impact factor (IF). Descriptive statistics, linear regression, and correlation analyses were performed. Continuous variables were summarized using medians and interquartile ranges (IQR). The median sample size was 11.5 (IQR: 7-20), and 47.9% of studies used 10 or fewer specimens. The median number of classified groups was 3 (IQR: 2-4). Linear regression showed that studies dividing specimens into 2-6 groups often failed to meet the recommended sample size per group based on regression modeling. No significant correlation was found between sample size and journal IF (r = -0.062, p = 0.115). Most cadaveric studies rely on small sample sizes due to inherent constraints, yet many still attempt a subgroup analysis without sufficient statistical power. Although flexibility is essential in anatomical research, we recommend a minimum total sample size of 10 for basic studies and at least five samples per group for those involving classification. Cadaveric sample size alone does not predict journal impact, highlighting the importance of methodological rigor over quantity.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144683507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Anatomy of Man Must Always Be the Groundwork of All Medical Knowledge 人体解剖必须永远是一切医学知识的基础。
IF 2.3 4区 医学
Clinical Anatomy Pub Date : 2025-07-19 DOI: 10.1002/ca.70009
R. Shane Tubbs
{"title":"The Anatomy of Man Must Always Be the Groundwork of All Medical Knowledge","authors":"R. Shane Tubbs","doi":"10.1002/ca.70009","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ca.70009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":"38 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ca.70009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144668905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Perceptions of Modernized Anatomy Teaching Tools and Methods: A Mixed Method Study Among Medical, Nursing Students and Faculty. 对现代解剖学教学工具和方法的认识:医、护学生和教师的混合方法研究。
IF 2.3 4区 医学
Clinical Anatomy Pub Date : 2025-07-09 DOI: 10.1002/ca.70000
Quang Thanh Nguyen, Duy Mai Hoang, Duy Le Dinh Tran, Kien Hieu Tran, Dung Phuong Pham, Thuy Minh Ha
{"title":"Perceptions of Modernized Anatomy Teaching Tools and Methods: A Mixed Method Study Among Medical, Nursing Students and Faculty.","authors":"Quang Thanh Nguyen, Duy Mai Hoang, Duy Le Dinh Tran, Kien Hieu Tran, Dung Phuong Pham, Thuy Minh Ha","doi":"10.1002/ca.70000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.70000","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anatomy education is fundamental for medical and nursing students. There is a growing shift toward modern tools such as 3D applications, virtual dissection tables, and plastinated cadavers. This mixed-methods study at VinUniversity explored perceptions of these innovations. The quantitative component involved surveys of 142 students (131 medical, 11 nursing), achieving a 77.2% response rate, and the qualitative component included semi-structured interviews with all 12 anatomy faculty and nine students across cohorts, offering diverse insights into their experiences. The findings show that students value interactive tools for enhanced visualization and engagement, particularly the Complete Anatomy app and plastinated cadavers. Nursing students reported greater satisfaction with digital resources than did medical students (4.55 ± 0.69 vs. 4.04 ± 0.77, p = 0.026). Traditional lectures received lower ratings (3.44 ± 1.16 for medical vs. 4.45 ± 0.69 for nursing, p = 0.003). Students also emphasized the value of problem-based discussions (3.83 ± 1.05 for medical vs. 4.36 ± 0.81 for nursing, p = 0.10) and perceived anatomy as highly relevant to future practice (4.32 ± 0.92). Challenges included difficulty in applying digital anatomy to clinical scenarios, software crashes, and limited access. Faculty cited time constraints, insufficient institutional support, and the steep learning curve for integrating new tools. Many relied on self-directed learning, resulting in inconsistent implementation. Also, limited human resources hampered the efficiency of hands-on sessions. To optimize anatomy education, institutions should establish structured faculty training, improve technical infrastructure, and align curricula with innovative methods. A hybrid model combining digital tools with cadaveric dissection could offer the most comprehensive approach. Addressing these barriers can enhance learning outcomes and faculty engagement, especially in resource-limited settings. Future studies should explore long-term effects on student performance, clinical competence, and optimal integration strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144592878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Assessing the Anatomical Accuracy of AI-Generated Medical Illustrations: A Comparative Study of Text-to-Image Generator Tools in Anatomy Education 评估人工智能生成的医学插图的解剖准确性:解剖学教育中文本到图像生成器工具的比较研究。
IF 2.3 4区 医学
Clinical Anatomy Pub Date : 2025-07-09 DOI: 10.1002/ca.70002
Mamdouh Eldesoqui, Emad A. Albadawi, Khalid I. AlQumaizi, Maryam Nizar Mohammad Radwan, Hasnaa Ali Ebrahim, Manar Abd Elaziz Elsaid
{"title":"Assessing the Anatomical Accuracy of AI-Generated Medical Illustrations: A Comparative Study of Text-to-Image Generator Tools in Anatomy Education","authors":"Mamdouh Eldesoqui,&nbsp;Emad A. Albadawi,&nbsp;Khalid I. AlQumaizi,&nbsp;Maryam Nizar Mohammad Radwan,&nbsp;Hasnaa Ali Ebrahim,&nbsp;Manar Abd Elaziz Elsaid","doi":"10.1002/ca.70002","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ca.70002","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Historically, human anatomy education has been an essential part of medical training, depending on cadaveric dissection and anatomical representations. However, financial and ethical limitations have resulted in a decline in conventional teaching techniques, necessitating the investigation of alternative resources such as digital drawings and artificial intelligence (AI). The aim of this research was to assess and compare the anatomical precision of graphics produced by four AI text-to-image generators: Microsoft Bing, DeepAI, Freepik, and Gemini, emphasizing their value in medical education. On February 6, 2025, four AI text-to-image generators were used. Prompts for creating intricate anatomical images included the human heart, brain, skeletal thorax, and hand bones. Two anatomists and a radiologist evaluated the pictures produced according to anatomical standards. Bing and Gemini generated anatomically correct representations of the human heart, but DeepAI and Freepik were less accurate. All generators offered accurate reconstructions of the human brain; however, there were disparities in sulci and gyri, with Gemini performing best. Only Gemini delivered a correct sternum; the other generators misrepresented the rib count. The Gemini platform provided a satisfactory depiction of the human hand skeleton, but the outputs from other text-to-image generators were not anatomically accurate. This work examines the potential of generative AI in medical illustration, noting significant limitations in accuracy and detail, especially with bony structures. Although AI accelerates the drawing process, it cannot replace the proficiency of skilled medical illustrators. Continuous assessment and improvement of AI-generated material are essential to ensure that the criteria mandated for medical education are met.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":"38 6","pages":"712-717"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144602164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Aorta-Gonad-Mesonephros (AGM): A Crossroads Between Hematopoiesis and Angiogenesis. A Historical Note. 主动脉-性腺-中肾(AGM):造血和血管生成的十字路口。历史笔记。
IF 2.3 4区 医学
Clinical Anatomy Pub Date : 2025-07-04 DOI: 10.1002/ca.70001
Domenico Ribatti
{"title":"The Aorta-Gonad-Mesonephros (AGM): A Crossroads Between Hematopoiesis and Angiogenesis. A Historical Note.","authors":"Domenico Ribatti","doi":"10.1002/ca.70001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.70001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) is a region of embryonic mesoderm that develops during embryonic development from the para-aortic splanchnopleura in chick, mouse, and human embryos. The AGM contains the dorsal aorta, genital ridges, and mesonephros, and lies between the notochord and the somatic mesoderm. The aim of this historical note was to underline the fundamental role of AGM in the development of the hematopoietic system at the crossroads between endothelial and hematopoietic cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144561868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Characterization of Healthy Pancreas Morphology Throughout Childhood. 儿童期健康胰腺形态的特征
IF 2.3 4区 医学
Clinical Anatomy Pub Date : 2025-07-04 DOI: 10.1002/ca.70003
Jonathan A Dudley, Kyle E Murdock, Lisa Qiu, Maisam Abu-El-Haija, Andrew T Trout
{"title":"Characterization of Healthy Pancreas Morphology Throughout Childhood.","authors":"Jonathan A Dudley, Kyle E Murdock, Lisa Qiu, Maisam Abu-El-Haija, Andrew T Trout","doi":"10.1002/ca.70003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.70003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pancreas shape features, derived from 3D segmentation of the pancreas, might be relevant to identifying subtle disease-related changes in the pancreas. This work utilized a retrospective sample of clinical contrast-enhanced CT examinations of 140 children < 18 years of age. Manual segmentations of the pancreas were used to extract radiomic shape features and perform statistical shape modeling using a partial least squares regression approach. Age, weight, height, body surface area, and body mass index each showed significant associations with volume, surface area, surface area to volume ratio, compactness, major axis length, minor axis length, least axis length, and area density. Elastic net regression models showed that demographic variables had strong predictive power (cross-validated r<sup>2</sup> 0.71-0.89) for pancreas volume, surface area, surface area to volume ratio, major axis length, minor axis length, and least axis length. In the analysis of shape modes, only the first partial least squares regression component accounted for a statistically significant amount of the demographic variance among participants (24.8% variance explained, p < 0.001), with significant loadings for age (p < 0.001), weight (p = 0.001), and height (p < 0.001). Our results are the first to characterize pancreas shape features in children with healthy pancreatic function and set the stage for future studies to understand how disease impacts pancreas shape, beyond global changes in volume, and how changes in shape might be used to diagnose and monitor disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144568044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Myofascial Continuum: Anatomical Insights Into Noncardiac Chest Pain. 肌筋膜连续体:非心源性胸痛的解剖学分析。
IF 2.3 4区 医学
Clinical Anatomy Pub Date : 2025-07-03 DOI: 10.1002/ca.70004
Prabu Raja G, Rohini Punja, Antony Marie Cruz, Anupama Prabhu
{"title":"The Myofascial Continuum: Anatomical Insights Into Noncardiac Chest Pain.","authors":"Prabu Raja G, Rohini Punja, Antony Marie Cruz, Anupama Prabhu","doi":"10.1002/ca.70004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.70004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Angina, commonly known as chest pain, is the primary symptom of ischemic heart disease and can also present as pain in the neck, shoulder, jaw, arm, or back. Noncardiac chest pain (NCCP) is a common disorder with various causes, marked by recurrent chest pain that mimics ischemic heart pain. While gastroesophageal reflux disease is recognized as the most common cause, the symptoms can also arise from musculoskeletal disorders of the chest wall and upper limbs. Although spinal dysfunction, Tietze syndrome, costochondritis, and slipping ribs have been associated with chest pain, the myofascial etiology of NCCP remains unclear and underdiagnosed. This review explores the structural myofascial continuum (MC) connecting the segments of the upper quadrant, including the neck, chest, and upper limbs. It also highlights the plausible role of the myofascial continuum in NCCP and its associated plethora of symptoms. Although studies have demonstrated myofascial expansions in which the deep fascia connects the various muscles of the upper quadrant, their role remains unclear. Painful symptoms concomitant with musculoskeletal chest pain arise from impairment of the myofascial continuum. Comprehending the intricate myofascial connections between the neck, chest, and upper limbs is crucial for clinicians seeking to improve the evaluation and treatment of NCCP.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144555631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Dissecting the Impact of Anatomy Lab Policies on Pregnant Medical Students 解剖实验政策对怀孕医学生的影响。
IF 2.3 4区 医学
Clinical Anatomy Pub Date : 2025-07-02 DOI: 10.1002/ca.70005
Kayla Wozniak, Ryan Fagan, Megan Krause
{"title":"Dissecting the Impact of Anatomy Lab Policies on Pregnant Medical Students","authors":"Kayla Wozniak,&nbsp;Ryan Fagan,&nbsp;Megan Krause","doi":"10.1002/ca.70005","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ca.70005","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There has been little research into the unique occupational hazards facing pregnant medical students, particularly surrounding their exposure to formaldehyde during cadaveric dissection. Formaldehyde is potentially teratogenic and mutagenic and has been associated with spontaneous abortion and birth defects. This project was undertaken to investigate the prevalence and content of policies in United States medical schools concerning pregnant students' participation in gross anatomy laboratories. The U.S. News and World Report's top 50 medical schools were systematically reviewed for policies pertaining to pregnant students' participation in gross anatomy laboratories during 2023. Email contact was made with each school to confirm the policy, or to inquire whether there was any non-publicly available policy or guidance instead. Among the 50 schools reviewed, 13 (26%) had written policies, six (12%) were publicly available, and seven (14%) had policies obtained via email, while seven other schools (14%) responded with unofficial policies or internal guidance used by their anatomy departments. Twenty-nine schools (58%) were categorized as having no policies; 16 of these did not respond to the email, and one declined to participate. One school was excluded. The content and scope of both official and unofficial policies varied widely. The lack of codified policies in most medical schools regarding safety considerations for pregnant students in gross anatomy laboratories indicated that more could be done to accommodate this group of students. Creating official, publicly available policies would promote a more inclusive environment for these trainees and signal to students that the institution is prepared to support them should they become pregnant during medical school.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":"38 6","pages":"706-711"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144555630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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