Clinical Anatomy最新文献

{"title":"Perceptions of Modernized Anatomy Teaching Tools and Methods: A Mixed Method Study Among Medical, Nursing Students and Faculty.","authors":"Quang Thanh Nguyen, Duy Mai Hoang, Duy Le Dinh Tran, Kien Hieu Tran, Dung Phuong Pham, Thuy Minh Ha","doi":"10.1002/ca.70000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.70000","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anatomy education is fundamental for medical and nursing students. There is a growing shift toward modern tools such as 3D applications, virtual dissection tables, and plastinated cadavers. This mixed-methods study at VinUniversity explored perceptions of these innovations. The quantitative component involved surveys of 142 students (131 medical, 11 nursing), achieving a 77.2% response rate, and the qualitative component included semi-structured interviews with all 12 anatomy faculty and nine students across cohorts, offering diverse insights into their experiences. The findings show that students value interactive tools for enhanced visualization and engagement, particularly the Complete Anatomy app and plastinated cadavers. Nursing students reported greater satisfaction with digital resources than did medical students (4.55 ± 0.69 vs. 4.04 ± 0.77, p = 0.026). Traditional lectures received lower ratings (3.44 ± 1.16 for medical vs. 4.45 ± 0.69 for nursing, p = 0.003). Students also emphasized the value of problem-based discussions (3.83 ± 1.05 for medical vs. 4.36 ± 0.81 for nursing, p = 0.10) and perceived anatomy as highly relevant to future practice (4.32 ± 0.92). Challenges included difficulty in applying digital anatomy to clinical scenarios, software crashes, and limited access. Faculty cited time constraints, insufficient institutional support, and the steep learning curve for integrating new tools. Many relied on self-directed learning, resulting in inconsistent implementation. Also, limited human resources hampered the efficiency of hands-on sessions. To optimize anatomy education, institutions should establish structured faculty training, improve technical infrastructure, and align curricula with innovative methods. A hybrid model combining digital tools with cadaveric dissection could offer the most comprehensive approach. Addressing these barriers can enhance learning outcomes and faculty engagement, especially in resource-limited settings. Future studies should explore long-term effects on student performance, clinical competence, and optimal integration strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144592878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Anatomical Accuracy of AI-Generated Medical Illustrations: A Comparative Study of Text-to-Image Generator Tools in Anatomy Education.","authors":"Mamdouh Eldesoqui, Emad A Albadawi, Khalid I AlQumaizi, Maryam Nizar Mohammad Radwan, Hasnaa Ali Ebrahim, Manar Abd Elaziz Elsaid","doi":"10.1002/ca.70002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.70002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Historically, human anatomy education has been an essential part of medical training, depending on cadaveric dissection and anatomical representations. However, financial and ethical limitations have resulted in a decline in conventional teaching techniques, necessitating the investigation of alternative resources such as digital drawings and artificial intelligence (AI). The aim of this research was to assess and compare the anatomical precision of graphics produced by four AI text-to-image generators: Microsoft Bing, DeepAI, Freepik, and Gemini, emphasizing their value in medical education. On February 6, 2025, four AI text-to-image generators were used. Prompts for creating intricate anatomical images included the human heart, brain, skeletal thorax, and hand bones. Two anatomists and a radiologist evaluated the pictures produced according to anatomical standards. Bing and Gemini generated anatomically correct representations of the human heart, but DeepAI and Freepik were less accurate. All generators offered accurate reconstructions of the human brain; however, there were disparities in sulci and gyri, with Gemini performing best. Only Gemini delivered a correct sternum; the other generators misrepresented the rib count. The Gemini platform provided a satisfactory depiction of the human hand skeleton, but the outputs from other text-to-image generators were not anatomically accurate. This work examines the potential of generative AI in medical illustration, noting significant limitations in accuracy and detail, especially with bony structures. Although AI accelerates the drawing process, it cannot replace the proficiency of skilled medical illustrators. Continuous assessment and improvement of AI-generated material are essential to ensure that the criteria mandated for medical education are met.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144602164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Aorta-Gonad-Mesonephros (AGM): A Crossroads Between Hematopoiesis and Angiogenesis. A Historical Note.","authors":"Domenico Ribatti","doi":"10.1002/ca.70001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.70001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) is a region of embryonic mesoderm that develops during embryonic development from the para-aortic splanchnopleura in chick, mouse, and human embryos. The AGM contains the dorsal aorta, genital ridges, and mesonephros, and lies between the notochord and the somatic mesoderm. The aim of this historical note was to underline the fundamental role of AGM in the development of the hematopoietic system at the crossroads between endothelial and hematopoietic cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144561868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of Healthy Pancreas Morphology Throughout Childhood.","authors":"Jonathan A Dudley, Kyle E Murdock, Lisa Qiu, Maisam Abu-El-Haija, Andrew T Trout","doi":"10.1002/ca.70003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.70003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pancreas shape features, derived from 3D segmentation of the pancreas, might be relevant to identifying subtle disease-related changes in the pancreas. This work utilized a retrospective sample of clinical contrast-enhanced CT examinations of 140 children < 18 years of age. Manual segmentations of the pancreas were used to extract radiomic shape features and perform statistical shape modeling using a partial least squares regression approach. Age, weight, height, body surface area, and body mass index each showed significant associations with volume, surface area, surface area to volume ratio, compactness, major axis length, minor axis length, least axis length, and area density. Elastic net regression models showed that demographic variables had strong predictive power (cross-validated r² 0.71-0.89) for pancreas volume, surface area, surface area to volume ratio, major axis length, minor axis length, and least axis length. In the analysis of shape modes, only the first partial least squares regression component accounted for a statistically significant amount of the demographic variance among participants (24.8% variance explained, p < 0.001), with significant loadings for age (p < 0.001), weight (p = 0.001), and height (p < 0.001). Our results are the first to characterize pancreas shape features in children with healthy pancreatic function and set the stage for future studies to understand how disease impacts pancreas shape, beyond global changes in volume, and how changes in shape might be used to diagnose and monitor disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144568044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Myofascial Continuum: Anatomical Insights Into Noncardiac Chest Pain.","authors":"Prabu Raja G, Rohini Punja, Antony Marie Cruz, Anupama Prabhu","doi":"10.1002/ca.70004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.70004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Angina, commonly known as chest pain, is the primary symptom of ischemic heart disease and can also present as pain in the neck, shoulder, jaw, arm, or back. Noncardiac chest pain (NCCP) is a common disorder with various causes, marked by recurrent chest pain that mimics ischemic heart pain. While gastroesophageal reflux disease is recognized as the most common cause, the symptoms can also arise from musculoskeletal disorders of the chest wall and upper limbs. Although spinal dysfunction, Tietze syndrome, costochondritis, and slipping ribs have been associated with chest pain, the myofascial etiology of NCCP remains unclear and underdiagnosed. This review explores the structural myofascial continuum (MC) connecting the segments of the upper quadrant, including the neck, chest, and upper limbs. It also highlights the plausible role of the myofascial continuum in NCCP and its associated plethora of symptoms. Although studies have demonstrated myofascial expansions in which the deep fascia connects the various muscles of the upper quadrant, their role remains unclear. Painful symptoms concomitant with musculoskeletal chest pain arise from impairment of the myofascial continuum. Comprehending the intricate myofascial connections between the neck, chest, and upper limbs is crucial for clinicians seeking to improve the evaluation and treatment of NCCP.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144555631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dissecting the Impact of Anatomy Lab Policies on Pregnant Medical Students.","authors":"Kayla Wozniak, Ryan Fagan, Megan Krause","doi":"10.1002/ca.70005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.70005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There has been little research into the unique occupational hazards facing pregnant medical students, particularly surrounding their exposure to formaldehyde during cadaveric dissection. Formaldehyde is potentially teratogenic and mutagenic and has been associated with spontaneous abortion and birth defects. This project was undertaken to investigate the prevalence and content of policies in United States medical schools concerning pregnant students' participation in gross anatomy laboratories. The U.S. News and World Report's top 50 medical schools were systematically reviewed for policies pertaining to pregnant students' participation in gross anatomy laboratories during 2023. Email contact was made with each school to confirm the policy, or to inquire whether there was any non-publicly available policy or guidance instead. Among the 50 schools reviewed, 13 (26%) had written policies, six (12%) were publicly available, and seven (14%) had policies obtained via email, while seven other schools (14%) responded with unofficial policies or internal guidance used by their anatomy departments. Twenty-nine schools (58%) were categorized as having no policies; 16 of these did not respond to the email, and one declined to participate. One school was excluded. The content and scope of both official and unofficial policies varied widely. The lack of codified policies in most medical schools regarding safety considerations for pregnant students in gross anatomy laboratories indicated that more could be done to accommodate this group of students. Creating official, publicly available policies would promote a more inclusive environment for these trainees and signal to students that the institution is prepared to support them should they become pregnant during medical school.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144555630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“To Teach the Bald Facts of Anatomy Unenlightened by General Laws”","authors":"R. Shane Tubbs","doi":"10.1002/ca.24294","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ca.24294","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this issue of <i>Clinical Anatomy</i>, many articles go beyond the anatomy of just listing isolated facts and link them to broader biological principles or unifying concepts. Exciting offerings in this issue include the septal swell body, the role of AI in teaching anatomy, and an intriguing article on what we currently know about the body's ligaments.</p><p>Cooke T. 1893. A Plea for Practical Work in Anatomy. London: Longmans &amp; Co.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":"38 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ca.24294","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144250675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantification of Palmar and Digital Epidermal Thickness and Sweat Duct Density.","authors":"Elizabeth Jones, Hanaa N Mughal, Roxana Moscalu, Malachy Columb, Christopher Duff, Mark Dickinson, Adam J Reid, Ralph N A Murphy","doi":"10.1002/ca.24292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.24292","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Palmar digital skin, with its high density of epidermal sweat glands and unique stratum corneum, derives its autonomic innervation from peripheral nerves. Understanding the changes to these structures could serve as objective proxy markers following peripheral nerve injury and interventions to promote regeneration. There are limited data in humans for these measures, and normative reference ranges are yet to be defined. Light-based imaging techniques, such as optical coherence tomography (OCT), can detect quantifiable changes in these epidermal parameters. This study aimed to define the normal epidermal thickness and sweat duct density (SDD) of volar hand skin. A total of 53 healthy, non-injured participants, 21 males and 32 females, were enrolled. Two- and three-dimensional images of defined 1 × 1 mm areas of volar fingertip skin were obtained using OCT. The mean epidermal thickness and SDD were manually calculated. Results were compared across all digits and by age and gender. The 95% reference intervals for both parameters were also calculated. There was a significant (p < 0.0001) progressive reduction in epidermal thickness across the digits, from the thumb towards the little finger. Females had a significantly thinner (p = 0.011) epidermal layer in comparison to males. Sweat duct density was significantly lower (p < 0.030) in the thumb compared to the middle, ring, or little fingers. There was a general downward trend in the number of sweat glands per mm² with age (p < 0.0001). The reference interval for epidermal thickness was 0.37-0.79 mm, while for SDD the interval was 30-86 ducts/mm². This study has outlined normative differences in SDD and epidermal thickness in palmar digital skin. Our results can be used as control measures for prospective studies looking into the regenerative process following peripheral nerve injuries or identifying potential trauma to digital nerves.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144217458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guidelines Against Discrimination and Bias in Anatomical Research Papers (GDBARP): Recommendations From Anatomical Journal Editors","authors":"Joe Iwanaga,&nbsp;Sén Takeda,&nbsp;Jerzy A. Walocha,&nbsp;Domenico Ribatti,&nbsp;Mariano del Sol,&nbsp;Kumar Satish Ravi,&nbsp;Janusz Moryś,&nbsp;Friedrich Paulsen,&nbsp;Vishram Singh,&nbsp;Nihal Apaydin,&nbsp;Hee-Jin Kim,&nbsp;Philip Adds,&nbsp;Fabrice Duparc,&nbsp;Marios Loukas,&nbsp;R. Shane Tubbs","doi":"10.1002/ca.24293","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ca.24293","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Most discussions about discrimination and bias in anatomical research papers have been limited to terminology relating to race/ethnicity and gender/sex. However, as editors of anatomical journals, the authors of this article have frequently observed broader instances of potential discrimination and bias within anatomical research. These often stem from differences among authors' backgrounds, traditions, cultures, religions, provenance/origins, and workplace affiliations. In view of the limited discourse on this topic, we seek in this article to establish a consensus among editors of anatomical journals and to propose new Guidelines Against Discrimination and Bias in Anatomical Research Papers (GDBARP). We have identified multiple factors that can contribute to discrimination and bias, underscoring the need for greater awareness and proactive measures. It is imperative in anatomical research to respect authors, reviewers, and editors regardless of their background, culture, traditions, sex, ethnicity, language, religion, or ethical perspectives.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":"38 5","pages":"613-618"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144095594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological Analysis of the Latissimus Dorsi Tendon Insertion: Implications for Optimizing Tendon Transfer Surgeries in Rotator Cuff Repair.","authors":"Sehyun Kwon, Chang Hyuk Choi, Hongtae Kim, Mi-Sun Hur","doi":"10.1002/ca.24285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.24285","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Latissimus dorsi (LD) tendon transfer is widely used to treat irreparable rotator cuff tears, particularly in cases with posterosuperior and anterosuperior tear patterns. We conducted a comprehensive anatomical analysis of the attachment of the LD tendon to the humerus, focusing on its morphological patterns and morphometric features, which are critical for optimizing the surgery. Dissection of 32 LD tendons in 16 Korean cadavers revealed three insertion patterns: fully combined (40.6%), partially combined (34.4%), and fully separated (25.0%). The mean width, length, and thickness of the tendons were 48.4, 56.2, and 6.2 mm, respectively. There were significant asymmetries in tendon dimensions. There were also tendinous slips connecting the LD tendon to the triceps tendon, adjacent brachial fascia, coracoid process, and anterior joint capsule of the shoulder in nine specimens, emphasizing the anatomical variability relevant to surgical planning. These findings provide insights for determining surgical approaches on the basis of patient anatomy, and whether to use LD transfer alone or combined LD and teres major transfers. Understanding the anatomical variations will help to make interventions more precise, which in turn should enhance the efficacy of tendon transfer procedures and improve functional outcomes for patients with complex shoulder pathologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144057138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}