Clinical Anatomy最新文献

“To Teach the Bald Facts of Anatomy Unenlightened by General Laws” 《教授不受一般规律启发的赤裸裸的解剖学事实》

IF 2.3 4区医学

Clinical Anatomy Pub Date : 2025-06-08 DOI: 10.1002/ca.24294

R. Shane Tubbs

引用次数: 0

Quantification of Palmar and Digital Epidermal Thickness and Sweat Duct Density. 手掌和指掌表皮厚度和汗管密度的定量测定。

IF 2.3 4区医学

Clinical Anatomy Pub Date : 2025-06-04 DOI: 10.1002/ca.24292

Elizabeth Jones, Hanaa N Mughal, Roxana Moscalu, Malachy Columb, Christopher Duff, Mark Dickinson, Adam J Reid, Ralph N A Murphy

{"title":"Quantification of Palmar and Digital Epidermal Thickness and Sweat Duct Density.","authors":"Elizabeth Jones, Hanaa N Mughal, Roxana Moscalu, Malachy Columb, Christopher Duff, Mark Dickinson, Adam J Reid, Ralph N A Murphy","doi":"10.1002/ca.24292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.24292","url":null,"abstract":"Palmar digital skin, with its high density of epidermal sweat glands and unique stratum corneum, derives its autonomic innervation from peripheral nerves. Understanding the changes to these structures could serve as objective proxy markers following peripheral nerve injury and interventions to promote regeneration. There are limited data in humans for these measures, and normative reference ranges are yet to be defined. Light-based imaging techniques, such as optical coherence tomography (OCT), can detect quantifiable changes in these epidermal parameters. This study aimed to define the normal epidermal thickness and sweat duct density (SDD) of volar hand skin. A total of 53 healthy, non-injured participants, 21 males and 32 females, were enrolled. Two- and three-dimensional images of defined 1 × 1 mm areas of volar fingertip skin were obtained using OCT. The mean epidermal thickness and SDD were manually calculated. Results were compared across all digits and by age and gender. The 95% reference intervals for both parameters were also calculated. There was a significant (p < 0.0001) progressive reduction in epidermal thickness across the digits, from the thumb towards the little finger. Females had a significantly thinner (p = 0.011) epidermal layer in comparison to males. Sweat duct density was significantly lower (p < 0.030) in the thumb compared to the middle, ring, or little fingers. There was a general downward trend in the number of sweat glands per mm2 with age (p < 0.0001). The reference interval for epidermal thickness was 0.37-0.79 mm, while for SDD the interval was 30-86 ducts/mm2. This study has outlined normative differences in SDD and epidermal thickness in palmar digital skin. Our results can be used as control measures for prospective studies looking into the regenerative process following peripheral nerve injuries or identifying potential trauma to digital nerves.","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144217458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Guidelines Against Discrimination and Bias in Anatomical Research Papers (GDBARP): Recommendations From Anatomical Journal Editors 反对解剖学研究论文中的歧视和偏见指南（GDBARP）：解剖学期刊编辑的建议。

IF 2.3 4区医学

Clinical Anatomy Pub Date : 2025-05-19 DOI: 10.1002/ca.24293

Joe Iwanaga, Sén Takeda, Jerzy A. Walocha, Domenico Ribatti, Mariano del Sol, Kumar Satish Ravi, Janusz Moryś, Friedrich Paulsen, Vishram Singh, Nihal Apaydin, Hee-Jin Kim, Philip Adds, Fabrice Duparc, Marios Loukas, R. Shane Tubbs

{"title":"Guidelines Against Discrimination and Bias in Anatomical Research Papers (GDBARP): Recommendations From Anatomical Journal Editors","authors":"Joe Iwanaga, Sén Takeda, Jerzy A. Walocha, Domenico Ribatti, Mariano del Sol, Kumar Satish Ravi, Janusz Moryś, Friedrich Paulsen, Vishram Singh, Nihal Apaydin, Hee-Jin Kim, Philip Adds, Fabrice Duparc, Marios Loukas, R. Shane Tubbs","doi":"10.1002/ca.24293","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ca.24293","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 Most discussions about discrimination and bias in anatomical research papers have been limited to terminology relating to race/ethnicity and gender/sex. However, as editors of anatomical journals, the authors of this article have frequently observed broader instances of potential discrimination and bias within anatomical research. These often stem from differences among authors' backgrounds, traditions, cultures, religions, provenance/origins, and workplace affiliations. In view of the limited discourse on this topic, we seek in this article to establish a consensus among editors of anatomical journals and to propose new Guidelines Against Discrimination and Bias in Anatomical Research Papers (GDBARP). We have identified multiple factors that can contribute to discrimination and bias, underscoring the need for greater awareness and proactive measures. It is imperative in anatomical research to respect authors, reviewers, and editors regardless of their background, culture, traditions, sex, ethnicity, language, religion, or ethical perspectives.\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":"38 5","pages":"613-618"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144095594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Morphological Analysis of the Latissimus Dorsi Tendon Insertion: Implications for Optimizing Tendon Transfer Surgeries in Rotator Cuff Repair. 背阔肌肌腱止点的形态学分析：对肩袖修复中优化肌腱转移手术的意义。

IF 2.3 4区医学

Clinical Anatomy Pub Date : 2025-05-14 DOI: 10.1002/ca.24285

Sehyun Kwon, Chang Hyuk Choi, Hongtae Kim, Mi-Sun Hur

{"title":"Morphological Analysis of the Latissimus Dorsi Tendon Insertion: Implications for Optimizing Tendon Transfer Surgeries in Rotator Cuff Repair.","authors":"Sehyun Kwon, Chang Hyuk Choi, Hongtae Kim, Mi-Sun Hur","doi":"10.1002/ca.24285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.24285","url":null,"abstract":"Latissimus dorsi (LD) tendon transfer is widely used to treat irreparable rotator cuff tears, particularly in cases with posterosuperior and anterosuperior tear patterns. We conducted a comprehensive anatomical analysis of the attachment of the LD tendon to the humerus, focusing on its morphological patterns and morphometric features, which are critical for optimizing the surgery. Dissection of 32 LD tendons in 16 Korean cadavers revealed three insertion patterns: fully combined (40.6%), partially combined (34.4%), and fully separated (25.0%). The mean width, length, and thickness of the tendons were 48.4, 56.2, and 6.2 mm, respectively. There were significant asymmetries in tendon dimensions. There were also tendinous slips connecting the LD tendon to the triceps tendon, adjacent brachial fascia, coracoid process, and anterior joint capsule of the shoulder in nine specimens, emphasizing the anatomical variability relevant to surgical planning. These findings provide insights for determining surgical approaches on the basis of patient anatomy, and whether to use LD transfer alone or combined LD and teres major transfers. Understanding the anatomical variations will help to make interventions more precise, which in turn should enhance the efficacy of tendon transfer procedures and improve functional outcomes for patients with complex shoulder pathologies.","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144057138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Variations in Human Trigeminal and Facial Nerve Branches and Foramina Identified by Dissection and Microcomputed Tomography. 人类三叉神经和面神经分支和孔的解剖和显微计算机断层识别变异。

IF 2.3 4区医学

Clinical Anatomy Pub Date : 2025-05-14 DOI: 10.1002/ca.24288

Hannah L Grimes, Valentina Pizzuti, Maria A Wright, Kane P J Colston, Thomas Santarius, Susan Jones

{"title":"Variations in Human Trigeminal and Facial Nerve Branches and Foramina Identified by Dissection and Microcomputed Tomography.","authors":"Hannah L Grimes, Valentina Pizzuti, Maria A Wright, Kane P J Colston, Thomas Santarius, Susan Jones","doi":"10.1002/ca.24288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.24288","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to identify branches of the trigeminal and facial nerves (FNs) relevant to surgical incisions and injections and the scalp block techniques in the frontotemporal region, and to determine their relationships with superficial vascular structures and bony landmarks. Half-heads from consenting embalmed donors (6 male, 2 female, mean age at death 78.4 years) were used in this study. Detailed dissection was carried out to identify the position of the auriculotemporal nerve (ATN) relative to the superior temporal artery (STA) and the FN in six subjects (5 male, 1 female). The results provide a minimum safe distance of 5 mm between the STA and the frontotemporal branches of the FN at the level of the low edge of the zygoma and 8 mm between the low edge of the zygoma and the FN trunk, providing a pre-auricular triangle of safety for incisions and injections. Variability between subjects was up to 60%. Microcomputed tomography (microCT) scans were taken from all eight subjects and the three-dimensional reconstructions were used to identify the supraorbital notch (SON), the zygomaticotemporal foramen (ZTF), and the zygomaticofacial foramen (ZFF). The volume and relative locations of these foramina were calculated for 5-8 subjects. The closest distance between ZTF and the frontozygomatic suture (FZS) ranged from 9 to 21 mm (26% variation); 3 subjects had a single ZTF while 5 subjects had two ZTF. The angle at the center of the orbit between ZFF and the FZS ranged from 156° to 166° (2.5% variation). These findings demonstrate that both traditional cadaveric dissection methods and contemporary microCT methods can be used to investigate the relative locations of nerves or their foramina in the human head. The findings provide anatomical considerations for fronto-temporal incisions and local anesthesia.","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144044119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

What Do We Know About Ligaments? 我们对韧带了解多少？

IF 2.3 4区医学

Clinical Anatomy Pub Date : 2025-05-13 DOI: 10.1002/ca.24289

Joe Iwanaga, Keishiro Kikuchi, Mi-Sun Hur, Hotaka Kawai, Yoko Tabira, Miguel A. Reina, Robert F. LaPrade, Koichi Watanabe

{"title":"What Do We Know About Ligaments?","authors":"Joe Iwanaga, Keishiro Kikuchi, Mi-Sun Hur, Hotaka Kawai, Yoko Tabira, Miguel A. Reina, Robert F. LaPrade, Koichi Watanabe","doi":"10.1002/ca.24289","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ca.24289","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 Ligaments have been extensively studied in anatomy and are traditionally defined as structures that connect bones and contribute to joint stability. However, a universally accepted definition of “ligament” remains elusive. Many structures classified as ligaments do not connect bones, such as the ligamentum arteriosum, raising questions about the criteria used for their designation. Moreover, distinguishing ligaments from tendons presents a significant challenge because of their shared histological characteristics and the lack of a clear, standardized definition of “ligament”. Historically, ligaments have been named primarily on the basis of their gross anatomical appearance rather than well-defined structural or functional criteria. Ambiguities in nomenclature such as the interchangeable use of “patellar ligament” and “patellar tendon” further complicate classification. Additionally, dissection bias can lead to the artificial identification of ligaments because traditional dissection techniques can isolate tissue layers in a manner that creates the illusion of distinct ligament structures. Given these limitations, gross anatomical dissection alone is insufficient to confirm the presence of a ligament, necessitating histological validation based on a fundamental definition. Establishing a precise classification system that differentiates traditional bone-to-bone ligaments from other connective structures is imperative. Close collaboration between anatomists and surgeons is essential for refining anatomical definitions because inaccurate classifications can have direct implications for clinical practice, particularly in ligament reconstruction. A research-driven, standardized definition of ligaments can enhance anatomical education and improve surgical precision.\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":"38 5","pages":"610-612"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144006497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Discovery of the Pericytes: A Historical Note 周细胞的发现：一个历史笔记。

IF 2.3 4区医学

Clinical Anatomy Pub Date : 2025-05-10 DOI: 10.1002/ca.24291

Domenico Ribatti

引用次数: 0

Renal Arterial Anatomy: Implications for Normothermic Machine Perfusion in Renal Transplantation. 肾动脉解剖：在肾移植中正常机械灌注的意义。

IF 2.3 4区医学

Clinical Anatomy Pub Date : 2025-05-07 DOI: 10.1002/ca.24286

Lily Mae Miller, Peter Douglas, Julie Glen, Emma Aitken

{"title":"Renal Arterial Anatomy: Implications for Normothermic Machine Perfusion in Renal Transplantation.","authors":"Lily Mae Miller, Peter Douglas, Julie Glen, Emma Aitken","doi":"10.1002/ca.24286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.24286","url":null,"abstract":"Normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) is a novel technology that has shown potential in viability assessment and reconditioning of donor organs. Normothermic machine perfusion is technically more challenging in kidneys with multiple renal arteries (RAs). This study aimed to characterize the anatomical variation in RAs with a view to the development of optimal equipment for RA cannulation in NMP. Magnetic resonance angiograms obtained from all potential living donors at our centre between 2018 and 2022 were evaluated with PACS 3D with vessel analysis. Three independent reviewers measured RA characteristics (number, cross-sectional area, diameter, distance, angulation). A total of 618 kidneys were included for analysis. Kidneys were categorized into five groups based on the anatomical configuration of arteries. 75.4% had a single RA (group one). One quarter of kidneys were found to have multiple RAs, with inferior accessory arteries the commonest variation. Of the 139 kidneys with multiple RAs (24.6%): 5.3% had two equal sized RAs (group two), 5.5% had a superior accessory artery (group three), 11.7% an inferior accessory artery (group four), and 2.1% had three RAs (group five). Left RAs were of larger diameter, but right RAs were longer (p < 0.001). The number of arteries supplying the right kidney significantly predicted the number of arteries supplying the left kidney (β = 0.15). 23.7% of kidneys with two RAs and 30.8% with three RAs had distances between vessels > 28 mm (length of the existing clamp used for perfusion). 19.1% of main RAs had originated from the aorta at angles ≥ 135°. These findings highlight the insufficiencies with existing NMP equipment for cannulation of the RA. A larger clamp may facilitate perfusion of more kidneys with multiple vessels, whilst soft, flexible cannulae are likely to be needed to accommodate the wide range in angulation of RA origin demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144025473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Positional Relationship Between the Orbicularis Oculi and Zygomaticus Complex Muscles by Ultrasonography: New Anatomical Insights for Crow's Feet Injection. 眼轮匝肌与颧复肌的超声位置关系：鱼尾纹注射的解剖学新见解。

IF 2.3 4区医学

Clinical Anatomy Pub Date : 2025-05-07 DOI: 10.1002/ca.24290

Jiong-Zhen Piao, Ji-Hyun Lee, Kyung-Seok Hu, Hee-Jin Kim

{"title":"Positional Relationship Between the Orbicularis Oculi and Zygomaticus Complex Muscles by Ultrasonography: New Anatomical Insights for Crow's Feet Injection.","authors":"Jiong-Zhen Piao, Ji-Hyun Lee, Kyung-Seok Hu, Hee-Jin Kim","doi":"10.1002/ca.24290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.24290","url":null,"abstract":"The orbicularis oculi muscle (OOc) is strongly associated with facial aging as its contraction causes the formation of crow's feet. Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injection is a representative treatment targeting muscle. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the anatomical relationship between the OOc and the zygomaticus complex muscles, and to visualize the distribution of the facial nerve that innervates the OOc, thereby providing reference data for BoNT injections targeting that muscle. The positional relationships and overlapping ranges between the OOc, zygomaticus minor (Zmi), and zygomaticus major (ZMj), and their distances from the skin, were measured on four different perpendicular planes using ultrasonography. Specimens of the OOc were stained with modified Sihler's stain. The mean distances between the lateral canthus horizontal plane (LCHP) and the zygomaticus complex muscles superior margin were 20.0, 17.9, 22.8, and 20.8 mm in perpendicular planes LC (lateral canthus), OR (orbital rim), M (midpoint of the frontal process of zygomatic bone), and J (Jugale point), respectively. The mean distances between the OOc and the skin were 4.9, 4.8, 5.5, and 4.7 mm in those perpendicular planes. The mean distances between the zygomaticus complex muscles and the OOc were 3.0, 3.1, 4.5, and 4.1 mm. The authors propose new insights for crow's feet injection based on anatomical information obtained from ultrasonography and Sihler's staining, which should contribute to minimizing complications and improving the efficacy of BoNT administration.","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144030611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effectiveness of Different Teaching Modalities in Human Gross Anatomy Education 人体大体解剖教学中不同教学方式的有效性。

IF 2.3 4区医学

Clinical Anatomy Pub Date : 2025-05-07 DOI: 10.1002/ca.24287

Aisling Mooney, Nathan E. Thompson, Simone Hoffmann

{"title":"Effectiveness of Different Teaching Modalities in Human Gross Anatomy Education","authors":"Aisling Mooney, Nathan E. Thompson, Simone Hoffmann","doi":"10.1002/ca.24287","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ca.24287","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 With increasing cost and time constraints, anatomy education has shifted away from classic dissection in favor of more effective teaching modalities. Here we investigated different teaching modalities on test performance and student satisfaction in the human gross anatomy laboratory at the New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine (NYITCOM). The anatomy laboratory for first-year osteopathic students at NYITCOM was divided into stations including radiology, case-based learning, prosection, and dissection. Content covered at those stations was tested via anatomy laboratory examinations, comprised of computer-based identification and multiple-choice questions. Our data encompassed 459 first-year medical students taking anatomy in 2022 at both NYITCOM campus sites (Arkansas and New York). We coded 355 exam questions by teaching modality used in the anatomy laboratory. Questions covered in multiple modalities were classified as ‘mixed’. Performance among modalities was analyzed using a three-way ANOVA. Prosection-based questions (mean = 75.6) performed significantly worse than dissection (mean = 83.4, p < 0.01) and mixed-modality (mean = 80.7, p < 0.01). There was no significant difference in performance on material taught through dissection, radiology, case-based activity and mixed modalities. In addition, we investigated the effect of an instructor at the case-based activity station using repeated measures ANOVA. Our results indicate that case-based activity stations performed better without an instructor present (mean = 77.4 v. 72.7; p < 0.05). This study showed that teaching via prosection results in poorer performance than other teaching modalities and that dissection or hybrid models appear more effective in knowledge retention. Contrary to actual performance, students rated prosection as the most effective teaching modality. These results come at a critical time when COVID-19 has accelerated the shift away from dissection in favor of virtual methods.\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":"38 5","pages":"594-605"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144027398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0