Clinical Anatomy最新文献

{"title":"Calvarial Bloom Biomechanics: Dural Tension Governing Cranial Form.","authors":"Richard G Standerwick, W Eugene Roberts","doi":"10.1002/ca.70041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.70041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Calvarial Blooming Model (CBM) describes cranial vault growth as a Class III lever system in which patterned brain expansion supplies the effort, dural tethers act as fulcra, and sutures serve as load-transfer zones. In contrast to models emphasizing muscular loading or genetic determinism, CBM frames the cranium as a compliant, tension-sensitive structure shaped by cerebral growth, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) buoyancy, and intracranial pulsations. Evidence from multiple sources was used to illustrate the framework. Bolton Standards cephalometric superimpositions (ages 6-18) provided conservative estimates of sutural displacement and vault surface area expansion. Cases from the AAOF Legacy Collection demonstrated late-phase remodeling often absent in standard datasets. Published finite-element analyses of sutural strain and dural tension pathways, together with clinical and histological observations, further supported the model. Perturbations of genetic and environmental regulators-including RUNX2, FGFRs, and BMPs-disrupt these strain pathways and produce craniofacial anomalies consistent with CBM predictions. Recognizing cranial vault expansion as the action of a tensioned dural hammock operating under Class III lever mechanics clarifies how patterned brain growth directs vault remodeling and suggests new approaches to craniosynostosis correction and growth modification.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145253526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Development of the Human Female Reproductive Tract. Part 1: Uterine Tube and Uterus.","authors":"Cindy J M Hülsman, S Eleonore Köhler, Gabriela Morosan-Puopolo, Jill P J M Hikspoors, Wouter H Lamers","doi":"10.1002/ca.70014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.70014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The uterine tubes and uterus develop from the paramesonephric (Müllerian) ducts. Most experimental data are obtained in rodents. Since the (micro-)anatomy of the murine urogenital tract differs from that in humans, evaluation of the translatability of mouse data to human development is relevant. We studied the Müllerian ducts in serially sectioned female human embryos and fetuses between 5 and 15 weeks of development and prepared 3D-reconstructions to establish topographic relations. At 5 weeks of development, the dorsocranial peritoneal epithelium thickens locally to form a placode-like structure, which remodels into the tubal orifice at 6 weeks. The subsequent caudal extension of the Müllerian ducts requires its temporary stay with the mesonephric (Wolffian) duct inside a common basement membrane. The site where the Müllerian segment expands passes as a wave along the Wolffian duct. This wave breaks when the tubes reach the lesser pelvis in the 8th week. There, both Müllerian ducts fuse to form the single uterovaginal canal. No fusion occurs most caudally, where the Müllerian ducts elicit the Müllerian tubercle in the dorsal wall of the urogenital sinus. The uterovaginal canal becomes encased in a mesenchymal cuff, the genital cord. The gubernaculum, which appears at 6.5 weeks as a tissue bridge between the mesonephros and the lateral body wall, eventually becomes the round ligament in females. At 12 weeks, it is still an intraperitoneal structure in an evagination of the abdominal cavity. Unexpectedly, the early development of the uterovaginal canal was similar in human and mouse embryos.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145233829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shifting Anatomy Away From a Time-Based Model: Competency-Based Education Insights for Anatomy Educators.","authors":"Jeb Helms, Skye Donovan","doi":"10.1002/ca.70033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.70033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As competency-based education (CBE) gains momentum in health professions, anatomy educators face significant logistical challenges in shifting from time-based content-driven curricula to the assessment-driven CBE model. Effective course planning requires collaboration with clinicians to define essential anatomical knowledge, alongside a strategic reallocation of faculty efforts from traditional teaching roles to the design and implementation of meaningful assessments. As this shift takes place, educators must also tackle the challenge of developing feasible assessments that align with clinical competencies, particularly when integrating human donor-based learning experiences. As part of this broader transition, classroom activities must also evolve to accommodate flexible, asynchronous content delivery, multimodal lab experiences, and case-based learning that supports individualized learning progression. This viewpoint explores those key challenges and offers considerations to help educators preserve the rigor and depth of anatomical education while adapting to a competency-based framework.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145208424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transgenic Models to Study Angiogenesis and Lymphangiogenesis: An Historical Note.","authors":"Domenico Ribatti","doi":"10.1002/ca.70037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.70037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The knockout mouse has been a valuable tool for geneticists to discern the role of a gene in embryonic development and in normal physiological homeostasis. The development of transgenic technologies in mice has allowed the study of the consequences of genetic alterations on angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. This historical review article summarizes the first literature evidence concerning the use of transgenic models to study the most important factors involved in the regulation of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145126536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anatomic Accuracy Is the Keynote of Surgical Technic.","authors":"R Shane Tubbs","doi":"10.1002/ca.70039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.70039","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145126376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Women on the Other Side of the Knife: Women Engaged in Anatomical Learning and Dissection in Newspapers, Magazines, and Popular Culture.","authors":"Laura Elizabeth Smith","doi":"10.1002/ca.70038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.70038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The history regarding women in dissection and anatomy education focused on female cadavers used to acquire knowledge. Few studies have focused on the other side of the scalpel, where women participated and produced anatomical knowledge. This article focuses on women entering into the anatomical sciences and medical research, and their historical challenges. Women had to fight for participation in the anatomical sciences. Many of the shifts for women's participation in anatomy and dissections occurred in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. At first, women joining in medical education and anatomical dissections were treated as exceptional, or even frightening, but by the outbreak of World War II, popular media outlets like Life magazine profiled female medical students partaking in dissections and anatomical training as a new normal. Newspapers and other media sources that covered women's participation in the anatomical sciences promoted the work of women, even at some points celebrating it. Other newspapers wrote about the challenges and complexities regarding women working with bodies and dissection. In the 21st century, novel writers and memoirists published stories that memorialized the struggles of women entering medicine and their desire to participate in dissections. Memoirs from women involved in medical training explained the discrimination they experienced when training on cadavers. Finally, many of the historical experiences of women facing adversity participating in dissections affect classrooms and learning environments today.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145114843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethical Issues Involved in Solid Organ Xenotransplantation.","authors":"Daniel J Hurst, Chris Bobier, Luz A Padilla","doi":"10.1002/ca.70036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.70036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Xenotransplantation (specifically, genetically modified pig-to-human transplant of organs, tissues, or cells) clinical trials are set to begin in the United States after decades of pre-clinical studies and recent decedent and compassionate use investigations. This article provides a primer on the key ethical issues attendant with this emerging therapy. We explore four central areas of concern: (i) the use of animals to meet human transplant needs, as well as their welfare since they are housed in non-natural conditions, (ii) the risk of infectious disease transfer from the porcine graft to the human recipient, known as xenozoonosis, (iii) patient selection criteria for initial clinical trials when an unknown risk/benefit ratio exists, and (iv) the necessity of public engagement in order to increase acceptance and trust of this novel potential therapy. The article argues that the long-term success and social acceptance of xenotransplantation are contingent not only on overcoming immunological hurdles but also on thoughtfully considering the ethical issues.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145082370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intussusceptive Microvascular Growth-An Alternative Mode of Vascular Growth: An Historical Note.","authors":"Domenico Ribatti","doi":"10.1002/ca.70035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.70035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intussusceptive microvascular growth (IMG) is a process of capillary network expansion where tissue pillars grow into the lumen of existing capillaries, splitting them and increasing the surface area of the vascular network without new endothelial cell proliferation or sprouting from existing vessels. This mechanism contributes to organ development, growth, and tumor angiogenesis, leading to the formation of a denser, more complex network of capillaries.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145058748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histopathologic Analysis of the Morpho-Functional Zones of the Human Acetabular Labrum.","authors":"Abdulaziz A Alomiery, Andrew C Hall, Thomas H Gillingwater, Afaf Alsolami, Abduelmenem Alashkham","doi":"10.1002/ca.70031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.70031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The structural and functional adaptation of soft tissues to mechanical load controls their ability to withstand injury and influences their capacity for healing. Similar to the knee meniscus, the acetabular labrum exhibits zonal differences in mechanical load distribution, resulting in distinct regions with unique structural and functional properties. However, little is known about the effect of these zonal adaptations on the severity and distribution of labral degenerative changes. This study aims to assess the impact of labral zonal adaptations on the severity and distribution of histopathologic features. Human tissue was obtained from 9 embalmed cadavers, comprising a total of 16 hemipelves (10 males and 6 females) with an average age of 80 years (age range 66-99). Each hip was divided into 8 distinct regions, resulting in 128 regional segments. Slides were stained using Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) and Safranin-O (Saf O), with the incorporation of fluorescent scanning of eosin (F-Eosin). Labral histopathologic features were assessed using established modified grading criteria for the knee meniscus. These features were evaluated both globally across the anatomical quadrants of the hip joint and zonally across the inner and outer zones. The global analysis of the labrum revealed a similar distribution of histopathologic features across the superior, anterior, inferior, and posterior quadrants of the hip joint. Conversely, across 128 labral segments, pairwise zonal assessments revealed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the severity of degenerative features, which were predominantly concentrated in the inner labral zone near the articular surface. These degenerative changes encompassed alterations in matrix proteoglycan content, cellularity, collagen organization, and labral articular surface, including the lamellar layer. The increased compactness of labral fibers in the inner zone, minimal vascular penetration, and significant degenerative changes imply that it is a vulnerable area for injury with a potentially limited capacity for healing. The delineation of these distinct zonal frameworks highlights the labrum's functional adaptation to its mechanical environment. The zonal analysis of the labrum provided a considerably more detailed perspective on the distribution dynamics of histopathologic features compared to previous global analyses, offering a more precise understanding of the anatomical factors that may explain zone-specific vulnerability to injury and degeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145041819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Shoulder Abduction on the Anatomy of the Interscalene Triangle.","authors":"Abbie Randall, Steven Buddle","doi":"10.1002/ca.70023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.70023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) occurs in three major anatomical locations, including the interscalene triangle. Because symptoms of TOS are reproduced on upper limb abduction, this study aimed to examine the impact of glenohumeral abduction on the triangle's dimensions and whether this may contribute to compression of the structures which traverse it. Ten interscalene triangles were dissected from five body donor specimens bilaterally to measure the length of the anterior and middle scalene muscles, and inferior border of the scalene triangle when the upper limb was abducted to 0°, 90°, and at maximal abduction. Both the anterior and middle scalene lengths decreased as the angle of abduction increased, with the greatest decrease being between 0° and 90° (p = 0.0003). No significant decrease in length was shown between 90° and > 90° abduction (p = 0.48) nor was there a significant change in the overall area of the triangle throughout abduction (p = 0.58). This suggests that TOS symptoms may not correlate with the degree of upper limb abduction as previously thought. Additionally, there were significant differences between parameters of the superficial triangle measured by most previous studies, and a deeper triangle within the same space at all levels of abduction. This study therefore recommends further exploration into the dynamic nature of the interscalene triangle.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145041905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}