Clinical Anatomy最新文献

{"title":"The accessory renal arteries: A systematic review with meta-analysis.","authors":"George Triantafyllou, Ioannis Paschopoulos, Andrzej Węgiel, Łukasz Olewnik, George Tsakotos, Nicol Zielinska, Maria Piagkou","doi":"10.1002/ca.24255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.24255","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The accessory renal arteries (ARAs) are a well-described variant of the renal vasculature with clinical implications for radiologists, surgeons, and clinicians. The aim of the present systematic review with meta-analysis was to estimate the pooled prevalence of ARAs, including their variant number, origin, and termination, and to highlight symmetrical and asymmetrical morphological patterns. The systematic review used four online databases in accordance with PRISMA 2020 and Evidence-based Anatomy Workgroup guidelines. R programming software was used for the statistical meta-analysis. A total of 111 studies were considered eligible for our initial aim. The typical renal artery (RA) anatomy (a single bilateral vessel) was identified in 78.92%; the overall ARA prevalence was estimated at a pooled prevalence of 21.10%. The estimated pooled prevalence of one, two, three, and four ARAs were 18.67%, 1.80%, 0.01%, and <0.01%. The ARAs have been the subject of extensive research owing to their clinical importance, including in kidney transplantation surgery and resistant hypertension therapy. Knowledge of the typical and variant anatomy of RAs is essential for anatomists, radiologists, surgeons, and clinicians in order to avoid misunderstanding, complications, and iatrogenic injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142796498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Left-right difference in acetabular articular cartilage surface area and the quantification of acetabular fractures.","authors":"Richard N Brueton, Stephen W Hughes","doi":"10.1002/ca.24245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.24245","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>X-ray computer tomography scans were carried out on 11 female and 9 male dry bony pelvises. A 512 x 512 image matrix was used with a slice thickness and separation of 2 mm. Images were transferred onto a computer and the articular cartilage marked on each relevant image. The points were connected to form a triangle mesh and the total articular cartilage area calculated by summing the area of each triangle. There was a highly significant difference (p < 0.001) between the male and female acetabular areas, 25.4 ± 2.7 cm² and 19.5 ± 2.0 cm², respectively. The mean left-right difference was 0.2 ± 0.9 cm² for males and-0.2 ± 0.47 cm² for females. When the sign of the differences are removed, the mean and standard deviations of the differences is 0.5 ± 0.46 cm² (2.3% ± 1.8%) for males and females, 0.66 ± 0.61 cm² for males and 0.4 ± 0.27 cm² for females. Each articular surface was outlined twice in order to assess the repeatability of the technique. The left-right variation in articular surface area was found to be similar to the variation in repeatability, suggesting that if any left-right difference does exist it is too small to be reliably detected by this technique. This enables the area of articular cartilage of the fragments of a fractured acetabulum to be compared directly with surface area of the contralateral intact acetabulum. Acetabular fractures can therefore be quantified by measurement of the articular surface area of the fracture components. Comparison with the clinical results will enable surface area to be developed as a prognostic factor in the management of acetabular fractures.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142787589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anatomical study of trigeminal-facial nerve communications: Application to facial transplant surgery.","authors":"Haruki Iwai, Kazuharu Mine, Rie Shimotakahara, Kazuyuki Shimada, Yuichi Tamatsu","doi":"10.1002/ca.24247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.24247","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding the distribution of nerves in the superficial layer of the face and the communication (nerve anastomosis) between them is essential for preventing paralysis during tumor removal and for planning during nerve grafting. However, communication between the peripheral branches of the trigeminal and facial nerves has not been fully elucidated owing to the delicacy of their structures and the ambiguity of definitions in previous reports. In this study, we used whole-mount nerve staining to differentiate between the two types of interaction between the trigeminal and facial nerves. \"Nerve communication\" is defined as an exchange of fibers between the two nerves, while \"nerve crossing\" indicates that only the epineuria are in close contact, with no exchange of fibers. The skin and soft tissues of six human faces were excised, and the nerves were stained using Sihler's method. The peripheral branches of the ophthalmic nerve showed no communication with the facial nerve. In half of the cases (3/6), the infraorbital nerve, representing the peripheral branch of the maxillary nerve, communicated with the facial nerve. Peripheral branches of the mandibular nerve communicated with the facial nerve via the auriculotemporal (6/6), buccal (6/6), and mental (3/6) nerves. Our findings demonstrate moderate communication between the peripheral branches of the trigeminal and facial nerves in the maxillary nerve region but more concentrated communication in the mandibular nerve region.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142774484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The anatomical basis for surgical intervention in myositis ossificans-A systematic review.","authors":"Adam Stammer, Neil Ashwood, Veda Amara, Suraj Suryawanshi, Paul Wilson, Andrew Dekker","doi":"10.1002/ca.24238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.24238","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Myositis ossificans (MO) is a benign condition characterized by heterotrophic bone formation, most commonly within muscle tissue. Multiple types have been described, the most predominant being myositis ossificans circumscripta, which occurs in response to trauma. Myositis ossificans cases reported in the literature were reviewed systematically. The aim of the review was to examine how the condition and its management are influenced by the anatomical structures involved. The Medline and Ovid Embase online databases were searched for all papers relevant to MO between Jan 1972 and Dec 2020. Duplicate and unobtainable records were removed. The remaining records were manually assessed for relevance by three independent reviewers, initially by abstract and then by full-text screening, to ensure that all papers were suitable. Acceptance of articles was not limited by case features or study design. In total, 77 papers from the literature search were included. They contained information on 89 patients diagnosed with MO. The average age of the patients was 26.17 years (range 13 weeks to 72 years, a 71.75 year range) and 65.17% were male. The lower limb was affected more than the upper limb or spine, the most common site being the thigh. Muscle was the most commonly affected tissue, the quadricep femoris being most often involved. Diagnostic imaging varied widely among cases; X-ray alone was the most common method, followed by a combination of X-ray and MRI. Lesions in the lower limb had larger diameters than those in the upper limb or spine. More cases in the upper limb (47.83%) than in the lower limb (33.33%) required surgery. All instances of MO in the jaw, hand, and foot were symptomatic, and all required surgical management. The findings were consistent with previous research showing MO to be a predominantly male disease, with most patients being under 30 years of age. Trauma was involved in 52.81%, lower than previously reported. In this study, the vastus lateralis of the quadriceps was most often affected. MO lesions were less common and smaller in the upper limb but more required surgery. Anatomically confined sites such as the hand and foot always required surgery, probably because of earlier onset or more severe functional effects of symptoms. Further work is needed to review the anatomical predilection of MO to help identify patients who could benefit from earlier consideration of surgery. A national registry of MO cases could contribute to further research on this disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142774485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The mummy of Pharaoh Amenhotep III (reigned ca. 1388-1351 BC) and its facial approximation: An anatomical approach.","authors":"Cicero Moraes, Michael E Habicht, Marco Artico, Flavio Forte, Elena Varotto, Francesco M Galassi","doi":"10.1002/ca.24251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.24251","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article offers for the first time a facial approximation of the Ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Amenhotep III (reigned ca. 1388-1351 BC) based on photographic material of his mortal remains and anthropometric data collected at the time, and by adopting a novel technique previously used in similar research by our team. A comprehensive discussion of the mummy attributed to Pharaoh Amenhotep III is also annexed to the study, focusing on the bioarcheological and embalming aspects.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142774523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The ductal network in the human testis and epididymis: What belongs to which?","authors":"Andreas Gocht, Axel Stuart Merseburger, Süleyman Ergün, Marie Christine Roesch","doi":"10.1002/ca.24248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.24248","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The testes and epididymis are traversed by a system of tubules in which sperm cells are generated, matured, nourished, and transported. Among these are the efferent ductules, which connect the rete testis to the duct of the epididymis. In the Terminologia Anatomica (TA), the efferent ductules are assigned to the testicles, while numerous anatomy, pathology, and urology textbooks assign them to the epididymis. Developmentally, they are derivatives of the Wolffian duct; as is the epididymal duct, which unquestionably belongs to the epididymis. Allocation of the efferent ductules to the compartment of the epididymis has been established clinically. The precise identification of tissue components of the epididymis is essential for the prognostic assessment of testicular cancers. In primary germ cell tumors of the testis, tumor infiltration into the epididymis can influence the tumor stage and can be associated with a worse clinical prognosis than localized tumor disease. Thus, it is desirable to update the TA, assigning the efferent ductules to the epididymis.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142774493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Practical Anatomy is to medical men what mathematics are to the physicist”","authors":"R. Shane Tubbs","doi":"10.1002/ca.24252","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ca.24252","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This first issue of <i>Clinical Anatomy</i> for 2025 includes articles of interest on the use of ultrasound to measure bone mineral density, neuroanatomy teaching in the flipped classroom, mechanisms of cerebrospinal fluid secretion by the choroid plexus epithelium, and the clinical anatomy of the coronary venous system in regard to retrograde cardioplegia and cardiac electrophysiological interventions. These and many other articles of interest await the reader of our Journal. As always, the editors are interested in any feedback/suggestions that will improve our quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":"38 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ca.24252","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142752116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using large language models (ChatGPT, Copilot, PaLM, Bard, and Gemini) in Gross Anatomy course: Comparative analysis.","authors":"Volodymyr Mavrych, Paul Ganguly, Olena Bolgova","doi":"10.1002/ca.24244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.24244","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The increasing application of generative artificial intelligence large language models (LLMs) in various fields, including medical education, raises questions about their accuracy. The primary aim of our study was to undertake a detailed comparative analysis of the proficiencies and accuracies of six different LLMs (ChatGPT-4, ChatGPT-3.5-turbo, ChatGPT-3.5, Copilot, PaLM, Bard, and Gemini) in responding to medical multiple-choice questions (MCQs), and in generating clinical scenarios and MCQs for upper limb topics in a Gross Anatomy course for medical students. Selected chatbots were tested, answering 50 USMLE-style MCQs. The questions were randomly selected from the Gross Anatomy course exam database for medical students and reviewed by three independent experts. The results of five successive attempts to answer each set of questions by the chatbots were evaluated in terms of accuracy, relevance, and comprehensiveness. The best result was provided by ChatGPT-4, which answered 60.5% ± 1.9% of questions accurately, then Copilot (42.0% ± 0.0%) and ChatGPT-3.5 (41.0% ± 5.3%), followed by ChatGPT-3.5-turbo (38.5% ± 5.7%). Google PaLM 2 (34.5% ± 4.4%) and Bard (33.5% ± 3.0%) gave the poorest results. The overall performance of GPT-4 was statistically superior (p < 0.05) to those of Copilot, GPT-3.5, GPT-Turbo, PaLM2, and Bard by 18.6%, 19.5%, 22%, 26%, and 27%, respectively. Each chatbot was then asked to generate a clinical scenario for each of the three randomly selected topics-anatomical snuffbox, supracondylar fracture of the humerus, and the cubital fossa-and three related anatomical MCQs with five options each, and to indicate the correct answers. Two independent experts analyzed and graded 216 records received (0-5 scale). The best results were recorded for ChatGPT-4, then for Gemini, ChatGPT-3.5, and ChatGPT-3.5-turbo, Copilot, followed by Google PaLM 2; Copilot had the lowest grade. Technological progress notwithstanding, LLMs have yet to mature sufficiently to take over the role of teacher or facilitator completely within a Gross Anatomy course; however, they can be valuable tools for medical educators.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142689552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is dissection or prosection equal in dental anatomy education?","authors":"Zekiye Karaca Bozdağ, Buse Naz Çandır, Aslı Ceren Macunluoğlu, İlke Ali Gürses","doi":"10.1002/ca.24239","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ca.24239","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to investigate the learning outcomes and opinions about dissection and prosection methods among second-year dental students. Twenty-one dental students participated in the study. Two topographic subjects were selected from the head and neck region. Theoretical and practical pre-tests for the first subject were presented. After the theoretical lecture, the students were randomly divided into dissection and prosection groups and a practical lesson was presented. A post-test was then applied. On another day, the same steps were repeated for the second topographic topic, reversing the practice groups. A feedback questionnaire was supplied to the students at the end of the study. The questions in the first part of the feedback survey were scored using a 5-point Likert scale, and the open-ended questions in the second part were scored by creating a six-step latent thematic analysis - main themes and sub-themes. Post-test scores were higher in both subjects (p < 0.001). While there was no difference between the pre- and post-test student scores on practical questions in the first subject, the post-test practical scores were higher in the second subject (p = 0.044). There was no significant difference between the dissection and prosection groups for either subject (p > 0.05). Most of the students (n = 18, 85.71%) stated that both methods were necessary for anatomy education. Some of them (n = 12, 57.41%) found prosection more useful and some (n = 5, 23.81%) found dissection more useful. In response to the answers to the open-ended questions, four main themes were created and the results related to these main themes were collected in sub-themes. This study shows that the preferred method of cadaveric education, whether dissection or prosection, has a positive effect on both students' emotions and learning outcomes. Institutions can use both methods in a balanced way when designing anatomy curricula in dental schools.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142669826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative assessment of three AI platforms in answering USMLE Step 1 anatomy questions or identifying anatomical structures on radiographs.","authors":"Khulood Mohammed Khalid Al-Khater","doi":"10.1002/ca.24243","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ca.24243","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The application of artificial intelligence (AI) in education has gained great attention recently. Integration of AI tools in anatomy teaching is currently engaging researchers and academics worldwide. Several AI chatbots have been generated, the most popular being ChatGPT (OpenAI: San Francisco, California, USA). Since its first public release in November 2022, several research papers have pointed to its potential role in anatomy education. However, it is not yet known whether it will prove superior to other available AI tools in this role. This article sheds some light on the current status of research concerning AI applications in anatomy education and compares the performances of three well-known chatbots (ChatGPT, Gemini, and Claude) in answering anatomy questions. A total of 23 questions were used as prompts for each chatbot. These questions comprised 10 knowledge-based, 10 analysis-based USMLE Step 1-type, and three radiographs. ChatGPT was the most accurate of the three, scoring 100% accuracy. However, in terms of comprehensiveness, Claude was the best; it gave very organized anatomical responses. Gemini performed less well than the other two, with a scored accuracy of 60% and less scientific explanations. On the basis of these findings, this study recommends the incorporation of Claude and ChatGPT in anatomy education, but not Gemini, at least in its current state.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142669819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}