Clinical Anatomy最新文献

{"title":"Lingual nerve revisited-A comprehensive review Part I: Anatomy and variations.","authors":"Norio Kitagawa, Keiko Fukino, Chista Irani, Yushi Abe, Yuki Kunisada, Soichiro Ibaragi, R Shane Tubbs, Joe Iwanaga","doi":"10.1002/ca.24210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.24210","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The lingual nerve (LN) is a branch of the mandibular division of the fifth cranial nerve, the trigeminal. It primarily carries sensory fibers from the lingual gingiva, mucous membranes of the floor of the mouth, sublingual gland, and the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. Recent studies have explored and reclassified the five branches of the LN as branches to the isthmus of the fauces, lingual branches, sublingual nerves, posterior branch to the submandibular ganglion, and branches to the sublingual ganglion. The knowledge of the LN anatomy and its variants is clinically relevant to avoid its injury during oral procedures. The objective of this paper is to review the literature on the LN and to describe the anatomy, its course, and its functions.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141908151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparison of 1- versus 3-month regional anatomy exposure on learning outcomes of undergraduate medical students","authors":"Veronica Antipova,&nbsp;Martin Siwetz,&nbsp;Maren Engelhardt,&nbsp;Franz A. Fellner,&nbsp;Simone Manhal,&nbsp;Julian F. Niedermair,&nbsp;Benjamin Ondruschka,&nbsp;Sandra M. Pietras,&nbsp;Amélie J. Poilliot,&nbsp;Michael L. Pretterklieber,&nbsp;Monika Wimmer-Röll,&nbsp;Andreas Wree,&nbsp;Niels Hammer","doi":"10.1002/ca.24206","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ca.24206","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Regional anatomy teaching forms a cornerstone of undergraduate medical education. Owing to an increase in teaching and learning content throughout the medical curriculum in recent years, contact hours and overall course durations in anatomy are under review worldwide. This study aimed to assess whether shortening the course content duration impacts learning gain and the ability to identify anatomical structures correctly. Undergraduate medical students of the Johannes Kepler University Linz (JKU; <i>n</i> = 310) and at the Medical University of Graz (MUG; <i>n</i> = 156) participating in regional anatomy courses were included. Whole body regional anatomy courses, including hands-on dissection and accompanying lectures, were delivered over one or three months. Course content and examination mode were kept consistent, while the duration of knowledge delivery was one or three months, respectively. Objective structured practical examinations (OSPE) were then carried out on prosections for the neck, thorax, and abdomen. 3-month course exposure resulted in significantly higher OSPE scores for the neck (49 vs. 37%), thorax (65 vs. 54%), and abdomen (65 vs. 45%), respectively. Further evaluation of the utility of different embalming types yielded higher 3-month scores in the neck and thorax regions with Thiel-embalmed tissues and thorax and abdomen regions in ethanol-glycerin-embalmed tissues. Course exposure over a more extended period, like three months, appears to be highly beneficial.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":"38 3","pages":"239-248"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11925144/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141890812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Anatomy learnt by dissecting is the one rock upon which all sound medicine and surgery rest”","authors":"R. Shane Tubbs","doi":"10.1002/ca.24212","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ca.24212","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this issue of <i>Clinical Anatomy</i>, we offer the reader anatomical studies that the Cooke School of Anatomy (Figure 1) would have embraced. These include articles on AnatomyGPT, the TA2 Viewer, ultrasound-guided injection of the temporalis tendon via the intraoral route, and variations of the superior intercostal vein.</p><p>Cooke T. 1893. A Plea for Practical Work in Anatomy. London, Longmans &amp; Co.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":"37 6","pages":"603-604"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ca.24212","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141879806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Number of serotonergic neurons in the subthalamic nucleus and globus pallidus internus could influence the effects of deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease","authors":"Rafika Munawara,&nbsp;Asha Rao,&nbsp;Mayank Sharma,&nbsp;Tulika Gupta","doi":"10.1002/ca.24207","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ca.24207","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) or globus pallidus internus (GPi) is a standard treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD), with both regions exhibiting similar treatment effectiveness. However, posttreatment neuropsychiatric side effects, such as severe depression, are common, primarily due to the loss of serotonergic cells. Identifying a region with fewer serotonergic neurons could potentially reduce these side effects. This study aimed to quantify the number of serotonergic neurons in the STN and GPi. Both regions were analyzed using hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry. The GPi exhibited a significantly lower number and H-score of serotonergic neurons than the STN. Within the STN, the number and H-score of serotonergic neurons were higher in the medial aspect than in the lateral aspect. Three different types of neurons, large and small, were observed. In STN, large neurons were concentrated in the center and small neurons in the periphery. This distribution was not observed in GPi. In addition, the concentration of the serotonergic neurons is less in GPi. These findings suggest that the GPi may be a safer target region, potentially reducing the incidence of post-DBS depression.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":"38 4","pages":"432-441"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141794032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simple modified silicone rubber injection technique in fresh cadaveric pelvis and extremities","authors":"Wuttipong Siriwittayakorn,&nbsp;Thanawat Buranaphatthana,&nbsp;Jongkolnee Settakorn,&nbsp;Theerachai Apivatthakakul,&nbsp;Varat Apivatthakakul,&nbsp;Bodin Theppariyapol","doi":"10.1002/ca.24197","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ca.24197","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The silicone rubber injection technique was first described in 1999 and has been used in the vascular study of neurology and head and neck dissection. Silicone rubber is durable, flexible, and inexpensive. However, the original silicone rubber injection formula perfuses poorly into the pelvis and extremities. We present a simple modification to the silicone rubber injection technique, showcasing its effectiveness in studying the vascular structures in the pelvis and extremities. We used an ordinary mold-making silicone rubber. The new formula involves mixing the silicone rubber with silicone thinner, acetone, catalyst, and resin color. The mixture is then injected into the artery until the color becomes visible under the skin. The specimen is left at room temperature for 0.5–1 h for the silicone rubber to harden. With our technique, the silicone rubber substance perfuses adequately into small arterial perforators and can penetrate into the subdermal plexus. The smallest subdermal arteries identified under a light microscope measured 6 μm. The modified silicone rubber injection technique has proven to be a valuable tool in anatomical education and surgical training.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":"38 2","pages":"127-133"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141794033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New anatomical findings in the mandibular body region: Two parts that make up bucco-mandibular space","authors":"Eiko Inoue,&nbsp;Joe Iwanaga,&nbsp;Aya Han,&nbsp;Yoko Tabira,&nbsp;Yuto Haikata,&nbsp;Keishiro Kikuchi,&nbsp;Tsuyoshi Saga,&nbsp;Koichi Watanabe","doi":"10.1002/ca.24204","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ca.24204","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Soft tissue spaces not only enable gliding by contraction of the facial muscles, but they also cause drooping of the superficial fat due to gravity in the upright position. This study was performed to clarify the structures around the bucco-mandibular space (BMS) and to apply this anatomical knowledge to clinical practice. Four sides of the face were dissected using a conventional gross anatomical dissection technique, and 10 sides (5 horizontal and 5 frontal sections) of the removed semi-facial soft tissue were dissected using the stretched tissue dissection (STD) method. Histological examination of the mandible was performed on two sides to confirm the findings of conventional gross anatomical dissection and STD. In all cases, both gross dissection and STD revealed that the BMS was composed of two parts. The superficial part was filled with adipose tissue containing nerves and vessels, including the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve, facial artery, facial vein, and mental nerve. We named this part the adipo-neuromandibular part. By contrast, the deep part was separated from the adipo-neurovascular part by facial deep fascia and composed of loose connective tissue. We named this deep part the loose connective tissue part. The STD method enabled us to obtain detailed anatomical findings of the mandibular region and elucidate two parts of the BMS in which the neurovasculature is distributed. We believe that these findings provide new insights into facial anatomy by resolving existing anatomical uncertainties and will contribute to safer surgical treatment in the facial region.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":"38 5","pages":"523-531"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141789725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and characteristics of osseous bridging between vertebral bodies in the cervical spine: A skeletal study","authors":"David Ezra,&nbsp;Reuven Mader,&nbsp;Arthur Yosef,&nbsp;Leonid Kalichman,&nbsp;Khalil Salame,&nbsp;Aliza Amiel,&nbsp;Deborah Alperovitch-Najenson","doi":"10.1002/ca.24205","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ca.24205","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Osseous bridging (OB) in three or more segments of motions (SOMs) of the mobile spine was initially defined as diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH), located particularly in the thoracic spine (T-spine). This pathological phenomenon is often characterized by calcification and ossification, which take place simultaneously or separately. The soft tissues, mainly ligaments and entheses, are calcified, with bone formation not originating from the anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL). DISH formation can involve osteophytes, which are created by the ossification process and can involve soft tissue such as the ALL. The ALL can also be calcified. Until recently, the prevalence of DISH in the general population was considered low (0%–5%) and rare in the cervical spine (C-spine). In a cross-sectional observational skeletal study, we investigated the prevalence and location of C-spine OB between vertebral bodies with fewer than three SOMs. We tested a large sample (<i>n</i> = 2779) of C-spines housed in the Cleveland Museum of Natural History (Ohio, USA). The human sources of the samples had died between the years 1912 and 1938 and represented both sexes and two different ethnic groups: Black Americans and White Americans. The process development can be seen on the ALLs as calcification, osteophytosis, and candle-shaped. Among all of the specimens, 139 (5%) were affected by OB, mostly in one SOM. Prevalence tended to be higher in women, White Americans, and the older age group. The levels most affected were C3–C4, followed by C2–C3 and subsequently, C5–C6. OB involving two consecutive SOMs was found only at C5–C7. We believe it is important to respond to the presence of a single SOM with a presumptive diagnosis of OB and to follow up, identify whether the diagnosis is correct, and take preventive action if possible. There is a need for updated diagnostic criteria and research approaches that reflect contemporary lifestyle factors and their impact on spine health.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":"38 1","pages":"75-82"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141753249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medical students' preferences for asynchronous online or face-to-face learning strategies in learning gross anatomy and neuroanatomy during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Ming-Fong Chang,&nbsp;Chi-Chuan Yeh,&nbsp;June-Horng Lue,&nbsp;Meng-Lin Liao","doi":"10.1002/ca.24202","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ca.24202","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Gross anatomy and neuroanatomy are fundamental subjects in medical education. However, learning different anatomical terms and understanding the complexity of the subjects are often challenging for medical students. At National Taiwan University, the 2020–2021 cohort adopted a face-to-face (F2F) learning strategy for gross anatomy and neuroanatomy lecture and laboratory courses until May 17, 2021. After the aforementioned date, the same cohort learned the rest of the gross anatomy and neuroanatomy courses via asynchronous online learning. This study aimed to evaluate the benefits of and students' preferences for F2F and asynchronous online learning strategies in learning gross anatomy and neuroanatomy. A survey with closed-ended and open-ended questions was used to quantitatively and qualitatively explore medical students' learning preferences for two teaching strategies in gross anatomy and neuroanatomy. The results identified different learning preferences among students in learning gross anatomy and neuroanatomy—satisfied with both learning strategies, satisfied with only F2F learning strategy, satisfied with only asynchronous online learning strategy, and satisfied with neither learning strategy. The survey results with closed-ended and open-ended questions showed that medical students preferred F2F learning for anatomical laboratory courses but favored asynchronous online learning for neuroanatomical laboratory courses. In addition, medical students considered peer discussion more critical in learning gross anatomy than neuroanatomy. These findings provide valuable information about medical students' preference for gross anatomy and neuroanatomy courses, which anatomy teachers can consider when planning to enhance their curriculum in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":"37 7","pages":"791-807"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141592039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Axonal profiling of the common fibular nerve and its branches: Their functional composition and clinical implications.","authors":"Taeyeon Kim, Tae-Hyeon Cho, Shin Hyung Kim, Hun-Mu Yang","doi":"10.1002/ca.24201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.24201","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The articular branch (Arb) from the common fibular nerve (CFN) plays a pivotal role in procedures such as genicular nerve blocks since it extensively innervates the anterolateral knee joint. It remains unclear whether the Arb can be classified as purely sensory, and understanding its axonal composition is critical to prevent muscle weakness during nerve blocks. We conducted a histological analysis on six cadaveric nerve specimens (four males and two females; mean age at death, 81.3 years old). The axonal composition of the main trunk of the CFN, the deep and superficial fibular nerves (DFN and SFN), and the Arb was verified through double immunofluorescence labeling with antibodies against neurofilament 200 and choline acetyltransferase. We revealed that the DFN contains motor and sensory fascicles that serve the anterior muscular compartment of the leg, including the fibularis longus and the first web space of the foot. Moreover, we showed that the SFN includes a major sensory branch innervating the skin of the lateral leg and the dorsum of the foot and a minor motor branch for the lateral muscular compartment of the leg. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the Abr contains a major sensory branch that targets the infrapatellar fat pad, the knee joint, and a minor motor branch innervating the superior part of the anterior muscular compartment of the leg. Thus, our study proves that the Arb is a motor-sensory mixed nerve, suggesting that an Arb block may significantly weaken the anterior leg muscles.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141564966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microstructure of the radial head: Insights into anatomical variations and implications for advanced interventions.","authors":"Scott Cole, Randall R Rainwater, Erin Mannen, Mark A Tait, John W Bracey","doi":"10.1002/ca.24191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.24191","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Appropriate management of radial head fractures is integral to prevent long-term consequences like chronic pain and loss of motion. Advanced imaging systems, like micro-computed tomography (μCT), are valuable for understanding radial head fracture patterns as they utilize micrometer scale resolution to define important parameters of bone health like cortical density and trabecular thickness. The purpose of this study was to identify and describe the structural morphology of the radial head utilizing μCT. Nine fresh-frozen cadaveric human radii were divided into four equal quadrants, based, and labeled as posteromedial, posterolateral, anteromedial, and anterolateral. Quadrants were scanned with a SCANCO MicroCT40 with both cortical and cancellous bone density measurements at a resolution of 36.0 μm. Bone density, direct trabecular number, and trabecular thickness were recorded as milligrams of hydroxyapatite/cm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;. A one-way repeated measures ANOVA was performed to compare the bone densities, trabecular number, and trabecular thickness of each of the four quadrants (p &lt; 0.05). The posteromedial quadrant contained substantially more bone than other quadrants. Significantly greater bone densities were found in the posteromedial quadrant (148.1 mg of HA/cm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;) compared to the anteromedial quadrant (54.6 mg of HA/cm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;), posterolateral quadrant (137.5 mg of HA/cm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;) compared to the anteromedial quadrant (54.6 mg of HA/cm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;), and posterolateral quadrant (137.5 mg of HA/cm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;) compared to the anterolateral quadrant (58.1 mg of HA/cm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;). The trabecular number was not significantly different between quadrants. Trabecular thickness was significantly lower in the anterolateral (0.1417 mg of HA/cm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;) and anteromedial (0.1416 mg of HA/cm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;) quadrants compared to the posteromedial (0.1809 mg of HA/cm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;) quadrant. The posterior half of the radial head was found to have a higher density of columns and arches compared to the anterior half. The microstructure of trabecular bone in the distal radius forms columns, struts, and arches, which allow for efficient transmission of stress through the bone. The microstructure of the radial head has similar microarchitecture to the distal radius with the present study identifying the presence of columns and arches in the radial head. These structures, along with trabecular density, in the posterior radial head may explain the lower incidence of fractures involving the posterior half of the radial head. Furthermore, our study supports the idea that the high incidence of fractures involving the anterolateral quadrant is due to microarchitecture characteristics and the relative lack of supportive structures compared to other areas. The novel insight gained from this study will aid in the development of advanced interventions for preventative measures and better treatment of radial head fractures like more satisfactory purchas","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141565051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}