{"title":"TA2Viewer: A web-based browser for Terminologia Anatomica and online anatomical knowledge","authors":"Michael W. Halle, Ron Kikinis, Paul E. Neumann","doi":"10.1002/ca.24162","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ca.24162","url":null,"abstract":"<p>TA2Viewer is an open-access, web-based application and database for browsing anatomical terms and associated medical information on a computer or mobile device (https://ta2viewer.openanatomy.org/). It incorporates the official digital version of the second edition of <i>Terminologia Anatomic</i>a (TA2) as published by the Federative International Programme for Anatomical Terminology (FIPAT), and adopted by the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists (IFAA) and other associations. It provides a dynamic and interactive view of the Latin and English nomenclatures. The organizational hierarchy of the terminology can be navigated by using a scrollable, expandable, and collapsible structured listing. Interactive search includes the official TA2 terms, synonyms, and related terms. TA2Viewer also uses TA2 term information to provide convenient access to other online resources, including Google web and image searches, PubMed, and Radiopaedia. Using cross-references from Wikidata, which were provided by the Wikipedia community, TA2Viewer offers links to Wikipedia, UBERON, UMLS, FMA, MeSH, NeuroNames, the public domain 20th edition of <i>Gray's Anatomy</i>, and other data sources. In addition, it can optionally use unofficial synonyms from Wikidata to provide multilingual term searches in hundreds of languages. By leveraging TA2, TA2Viewer provides free access to a curated anatomical nomenclature and serves as an index of online anatomical knowledge.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":"37 6","pages":"640-648"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ca.24162","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140332224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Abstracts Presented at the Winter Meeting of the British Association of Clinical Anatomists on 19th December 2023, at the Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/ca.24157","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ca.24157","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":"37 8","pages":"E61-E67"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140332223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Musculoskeletal pain intensity and perceptions during distance learning: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Burak Şevket Vuran, Turgay Altunalan","doi":"10.1002/ca.24163","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ca.24163","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Technological developments and the pandemic have popularized the distance learning model at universities. In this educational model, students spend more time in front of screens, and screen-related health conditions have become important. This cross-sectional study of 177 undergraduate students was designed to investigate the effect of block and traditional scheduling in online distance education (ODE) on their musculoskeletal pain and to investigate their perceptions of block scheduling. A two-stage method was used: a quantitative design to compare pain levels, and a qualitative design to determine the students' perceptions of block scheduling using an online survey. Pain intensity was assessed using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS-11). Data were collected in the university health sciences department. Pain intensity following the block and traditional lessons was analyzed using a paired <i>t</i>-test. Students in the block schedule had significantly more pain, with a large effect size on the whole trunk and upper limbs. Pain levels were also clinically meaningful for the upper (5.73 ± 2.75), lower (5.59 ± 2.87), and neck (4.92 ± 2.60) regions. Students reported positive experiences with block scheduling in ODE such as saving time (43%) and maintaining subject integrity (26%), but also negative experiences such as distraction (56%), fatigue (33%), pain (17%), and boredom (11%). Block scheduling in ODE could cause clinically significant neck and back pain. In distance learning, keeping the course duration short and ensuring student mobility in the classroom are important.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":"37 5","pages":"578-586"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ca.24163","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140307710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Keishiro Kikuchi, Gerrit T. Holleman, Juan J. Cardona, Emma R. Lesser, Chung Yoh Kim, Kosuke Tabuchi, Koichi Watanabe, Joe Iwanaga, R. Shane Tubbs
{"title":"Evolution of the term “epicondyle of the femur”: Revisiting the anatomical and surgical literature","authors":"Keishiro Kikuchi, Gerrit T. Holleman, Juan J. Cardona, Emma R. Lesser, Chung Yoh Kim, Kosuke Tabuchi, Koichi Watanabe, Joe Iwanaga, R. Shane Tubbs","doi":"10.1002/ca.24160","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ca.24160","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The femoral epicondyle is an anatomical bony landmark essential for surgeons and anatomists, but there are discrepancies between the two fields when using this term. In current orthopedic surgery, it commonly denotes the small bony prominence of the femoral condyle. Given the derivation, “epicondyle” should be a region projecting laterally from the articular surface rather than a point. These discrepancies in usage are found not only between the fields but also in the literature. This article reviews the narrative definition of “epicondyle of the femur” in surgery and the evolution of the term in anatomy. The outcomes of the review suggest a relationship between the differing perceptions of the epicondyle and the evolution of the term. In reports of studies related to the epicondyle, it is strongly recommended that the definition of the word is clearly stated, with an understanding of its evolution.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":"37 5","pages":"571-577"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140195012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The effect of pre-body donor quizzes on student performance in a hybrid anatomy course","authors":"Reivian Berrios Barillas, Allyn Bove","doi":"10.1002/ca.24159","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ca.24159","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Learning human anatomy is essential for Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) education. Body donors are traditionally utilized to understand content, but in a hybrid learning environment, students have limited time to use body donors. To improve body donor access and learning, we created online synchronous pre-body donor activities. The impact of these online strategies on students' subsequent exams and final grade were investigated in a non-randomized, observational study. These activities were hypothesized to positively influence students' anatomy performance. In a 16-week semester, DPT students (case [<i>n</i> = 91], control [<i>n</i> = 22]) participated in a hybrid program of asynchronous/synchronous online learning and two in-person immersions. Measures included student course grades and teaching surveys. Spearman's rho correlations analyzed the relationship between four pre-body donor quizzes to body donor exams, written exams, and final course grade. Mann–Whitney U tests assessed differences in grades between cohorts. A linear regression model examined the influence of pre-body donor quizzing on exams/final grades. Correlation tests revealed a strong relationship between the average pre-body donor quiz score and both the first written exam and final course grade (<i>p</i> = 0.0001). The case group achieved significantly higher scores than the control group on the first in-person body donor exam (<i>p</i> = 0.011), the second written exam (<i>p</i> = 0.0001), and the final grade (<i>p</i> = 0.004). The pre-body donor quizzes predicted performance on the subsequent in-person body donor exams, written exams, and the final grade. Implementation of online pre-body donor learning activities was associated with increased academic performance among hybrid DPT students and may aid in learning anatomy concepts for clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":"37 5","pages":"563-570"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ca.24159","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140159464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"“A complete and thorough understanding of Anatomy is essential to intelligent, successful, and honest work in Medicine”","authors":"R. Shane Tubbs","doi":"10.1002/ca.24158","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ca.24158","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The anatomist Thomas Cook (<span>1893</span>) reminded us of a letter written to him by the president of the Royal College of Physicians, Sir Andrew Clark, where he remarked, “A complete and thorough understanding of Anatomy is essential to intelligent, successful, and honest work in Medicine.”</p><p>Sir Andrew Clark (Figure 1) was a highly esteemed physician described by colleagues of the day as a “man of science” and “one of the wisest of physicians and best of men” (Reminiscences of Andrew Clark, <span>1893</span>). His early work was devoted to morbid anatomy and microscopy, where his powers of observation and attention to detail were put to good use. In this regard, he was fond of quoting the words of Sydenham, “Tota ars medici est in observationibus”- the whole art of medicine consists of observations. He lectured on anatomy and physiology while working at London Hospital.</p><p>Clark was born in Aberdeen in 1826, the son of a physician (Matthew, <span>2004</span>). He studied at Edinburgh University and would become a member of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, developing a particular interest in pathology. After retiring from the Navy, where he was an assistant surgeon, he became curator of the pathological museum at the London Hospital. In 1866 he became a physician to the Gladstones with William Gladstone (1809–1898), a British statesman and prime minister, being one of his famous patients. Later, in 1888, Clark became president of the Royal College of Physicians and died in 1893.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":"37 3","pages":"253"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ca.24158","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140121308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Juan J. Cardona, Joe Iwanaga, Arada Chaiyamoon, Arthur Wang, Christopher M. Nickele, Matthew R. Amans, Daniel M. Heiferman, Kendrick D. Johnson, Aaron S. Dumont, R. Shane Tubbs
{"title":"Angulation of the dural venous sinuses of the posterior cranial fossa: Anatomical study with clinical and surgical applications","authors":"Juan J. Cardona, Joe Iwanaga, Arada Chaiyamoon, Arthur Wang, Christopher M. Nickele, Matthew R. Amans, Daniel M. Heiferman, Kendrick D. Johnson, Aaron S. Dumont, R. Shane Tubbs","doi":"10.1002/ca.24154","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ca.24154","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cerebral vein and dural venous sinus thromboses (CVST) account for 0.5%–1% of all strokes. Some structural factors associated with a potentially higher risk for developing CVST have been described. However, angulation of the dural venous sinuses (DVS) has yet to be studied as a structural factor. The current study was performed because this variable could be related to alterations in venous flow, thus predisposing to a greater risk of CVST development. Additionally, such information could help shed light on venous sinus stenosis (VSS) at or near the transverse-sigmoid junction. The angulations formed in the different segments of the grooves of the transverse (TS), sigmoid (SS), and superior sagittal sinuses (SSS) were measured in 52 skulls (104 sides). The overall angulation of the TS groove was measured using two reference points. Other variables were examined, such as the communication pattern at the sinuses' confluence and the sinus grooves' lengths and widths. The patterns of communication between sides were compared statistically. The most typical communication pattern at the sinuses' confluence was a right-dominant TS groove (82.98%). The mean angulations of the entire left TS groove at two different points (A and B) were 46° and 43°. Those of the right TS groove were 44° and 45°. The median angulations of the left and right SSS-transverse sinus junction grooves were 127° and 124°. The mean angulations of the left and right TS-SSJsv grooves were 111° (range 82°–152°) and 103° (range 79°–130°). Differentiating normal and abnormal angulations of the DVSs of the posterior cranial fossa can help to explain why some patients are more susceptible to pathologies affecting the DVSs, such as CVST and VSS. Future application of these findings to patients with such pathologies is now necessary to extrapolate our results.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":"37 5","pages":"546-554"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140112065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joe Iwanaga, Keishiro Kikuchi, Kosuke Tabuchi, Mitesh Dave, Muralidharan Anbalagan, Keiko Fukino, Norio Kitagawa, Miguel A. Reina, Francisco Reina, Ana Carrera, Taichiro Nonaka, Mathangi Rajaram-Gilkes, Mohammed K. Khalil, Yuki Matsushita, R. Shane Tubbs
{"title":"A histology guide for performing human cadaveric studies: SQIP 2024 what to look for with light microscopy","authors":"Joe Iwanaga, Keishiro Kikuchi, Kosuke Tabuchi, Mitesh Dave, Muralidharan Anbalagan, Keiko Fukino, Norio Kitagawa, Miguel A. Reina, Francisco Reina, Ana Carrera, Taichiro Nonaka, Mathangi Rajaram-Gilkes, Mohammed K. Khalil, Yuki Matsushita, R. Shane Tubbs","doi":"10.1002/ca.24156","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ca.24156","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Histological observation under light microscopy has long been used in human cadaveric studies. However, it can distort the interpretations of findings if not used appropriately; there is no guide for its proper use. The aim of this article is to revisit and discuss the correct use of histology in human cadaveric studies, following discussions with experts in multiple fields of medicine, and to create the first guide for such usage. We reached a consensus with the experts, agreeing that when this principle (structure, quantification, interaction, position: SQIP) is applied to histological observations, the findings will be interpreted correctly. Appropriate use of this recommendation can make human cadaveric studies more accurate and informative. This is the first histology guide for human cadaveric studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":"37 5","pages":"555-562"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140102755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carmelo Pirri, Lucia Petrelli, Diego Guidolin, Andrea Porzionato, Caterina Fede, Veronica Macchi, Raffaele De Caro, Carla Stecco
{"title":"Myofascial junction: Emerging insights into the connection between deep/muscular fascia and muscle","authors":"Carmelo Pirri, Lucia Petrelli, Diego Guidolin, Andrea Porzionato, Caterina Fede, Veronica Macchi, Raffaele De Caro, Carla Stecco","doi":"10.1002/ca.24148","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ca.24148","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Muscles and fasciae are mutually connected and are influenced by force transmission. However, the anatomical connectivity and histological features of these structures remain unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the evidence for connection between muscles and deep/muscular fasciae. We assessed this relationship in different topographical regions of human cadavers and in mice. The results showed that myofascial junctions (MFJ) were made up of collagen I immune-positive structures occupying an average area of 5.11 ± 0.81 μm<sup>2</sup>, distributed in discrete regions at the interface between muscle and fascia with an average density of 9.7 ± 2.51 MFJ/mm and an average inclination angle of 35.25 ± 1.52°. These specialized structures also showed collagen III and HA immunopositivity and the presence of elastic fibers. The human myofascial junction can be visualized, opening emerging insights into the connection between deep/muscular fascia and muscle.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":"37 5","pages":"534-545"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140112066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Etienne Lefevre, Sophie Dupont, Dominique Liguoro, Fanny Chasseloup, Peter Kamenicky, Paul Roblot
{"title":"Anatomy of the medial wall of the cavernous sinus: A systematic review of the literature","authors":"Etienne Lefevre, Sophie Dupont, Dominique Liguoro, Fanny Chasseloup, Peter Kamenicky, Paul Roblot","doi":"10.1002/ca.24152","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ca.24152","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The existence, composition, and continuity of the medial wall of the cavernous sinus (MWCS) have been extensively studied and debated. However, the precise nature of this membrane remains unknown. Understanding the anatomical characteristics of the MWCS is crucial, notably in relation to pituitary adenomas, which often invade the cavernous sinus. Indeed, surgical treatment of those tumors is frequently incomplete because of such invasion. The anatomical and molecular basis of the peculiar and often lateralized tropism of adenomatous cells to the cavernous sinus is not yet understood and it has been suggested repeatedly that the MWCS is physiologically frail. During the past three decades, there have been several conflicting accounts of the existence, composition, and continuity of this medial wall, but methodological differences and varying definitions could have contributed to the current lack of consensus regarding it. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize previously published data concerning the existence, anatomy, composition, and continuity of the MWCS.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":"37 8","pages":"910-924"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140102757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}