Clinical Anatomy最新文献

{"title":"Bone density estimation using tissue heat capacity","authors":"Aiko Tanaka,&nbsp;Tetsuya Ogino","doi":"10.1002/ca.24153","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ca.24153","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Osteoporosis onset is relatively asymptomatic, the condition often being identified only once a significant fracture occurs, leading to a potentially serious prognosis. Currently, early identification of osteoporosis is complicated by the difficulty in measuring bone density without using x-ray absorptiometry or quantitative ultrasound, so a simpler method for estimating bone density is needed. Given that bone is reported to have a lower specific heat than other tissues, we investigated the possibility of estimating bone density using this difference in tissue thermal properties. The tibia medial surface (shin) and medial malleolus (ankle) of 68 healthy volunteers were cooled using an ice bag, and skin surface temperatures and heat flow were recorded. These measurements were then used to calculate the heat energy transferred per unit temperature. Bone density was estimated by quantitative ultrasound using the T score OSISD, which is the participant's osteo sono-assessment index (OSI) compared to the average OSI of young adults. The heat energy transfer per unit temperature at the shin, but not the ankle, showed a significant negative correlation with T score OSISD (<i>r</i> = −0.413, <i>p</i> = 0.001). Multiple regression analysis showed that heat energy transfer per unit temperature at the shin was a significant predictor of T score OSISD, along with age and height. These results show that tissue thermal property measurements are useful for estimating bone density.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140073299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human anatomy curriculum reform for undergraduate nursing students: An exploratory study","authors":"Qianyin Yao,&nbsp;Yatao Cheng,&nbsp;Wen Wang,&nbsp;Xintian Yu","doi":"10.1002/ca.24142","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ca.24142","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study aims to cultivate students' independent learning capacity, promote the interdisciplinary integration of “nursing + anatomy,” and establish a curriculum system to enhance applied nursing abilities based on project-based teaching reform of everyday clinical nursing operations. A total of 151 second-year (class of 2021) undergraduate nursing students at a Chinese university were selected for this study. By adjusting the curriculum, reconstructing the teaching contents, employing the “hybrid + flip” teaching method based on BOPPPS (bridge-in, outcomes, preassessment, participatory learning, post-evaluation, summary), and implementing a teaching system based on the “three re-three linkage,” a <i>Human Anatomy</i> curriculum with a focus on basic anatomical knowledge was developed and connected with nursing clinical operation practice. The restructuring of the course content received unanimous recognition from both the teaching staff and the students. Notably, students in the class of 2021 achieved significantly higher grades than did students in the class of 2020, who received traditional face-to-face instruction (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). These results indicate enhanced clinical application skills among the former group of students. following the implementation of instructional reforms during one semester, students exhibited notable improvements in motivation, program implementation, self-management, and interpersonal communication. A statistically significant increase in overall scores for self-directed learning capacities over the preinstructional period was observed (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, the findings of the student satisfaction surveys reflected highly favorable perceptions of the enriched instructional format, high levels of course engagement, frequent faculty–student interactions, and augmented overall competence. The practical implementation of the reform in the context of a <i>Human Anatomy</i> course for undergraduate nursing students led to significant positive outcomes, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of teaching and learning. Students' clinical application abilities and self-directed learning capacities notably improved, while overall satisfaction with the course remained high.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140050932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The clinical manifestations of hyperostosis frontalis interna: A qualitative systematic review of cases","authors":"Luis Alvarez,&nbsp;William Corrigan,&nbsp;Caitlin McGonegal,&nbsp;Jimmy Leon,&nbsp;Daniela Avila,&nbsp;Francis Kane,&nbsp;Tracey Lee","doi":"10.1002/ca.24147","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ca.24147","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hyperostosis frontalis interna (HFI) is a condition defined as abnormal bone growth on the posterior aspect of the frontal bone. Despite uncertainties regarding its etiology and prognosis, clinicians typically consider HFI a benign pathology. There are no studies organizing all the possible manifestations of the disease. The present study aims to organize all the clinical manifestations of HFI within the current case report/series literature. A blinded PRISMA-guided search of HFI case reports and case series yielded 43 relevant articles and provided 110 patients for analysis. The symptoms presenting alongside HFI were extracted and tabulated. We found high-frequency clinical manifestations of HFI (&gt;20% of patients) to include headaches, obesity, vertigo/dizziness symptoms, cognitive decline, and depression. An additional 15 symptoms were tabulated at frequencies found to be less than 20%. Based on our analysis, we suggest the constellation of high-frequency symptoms can offer a more comprehensive clinical picture of symptomatic HFI which may be valuable to consider for clinicians and future researchers in the field of HFI.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139991761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new injection method for identifying the subpopliteal recess of the knee","authors":"Yoko Tabira,&nbsp;Akihiro Yamashita,&nbsp;Keishiro Kikuchi,&nbsp;Aya Han,&nbsp;Keigo Shimizu,&nbsp;Tatsuya Harano,&nbsp;Yuto Haikata,&nbsp;Eiko Inoue,&nbsp;Kunimitsu Nooma,&nbsp;Joe Iwanaga,&nbsp;Tsuyoshi Saga,&nbsp;Koichi Watanabe","doi":"10.1002/ca.24144","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ca.24144","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The posterolateral region of the knee has a complex and diverse anatomy. Hydrarthrosis of the knee can potentially communicate with other parts of the joint space. The joint fluid distribution reflects anatomical communications between synovial spaces. To observe the continuity between the knee joint cavity and the surrounding bursa, we devised a dissection method with a new injection agent, an eosin-containing congealed liquid that spreads uniformly over the entire space. The purpose of this study was to perform a detailed examination of the subpopliteal recess (SPR) where a bursa connects to the knee joint capsule. We also reported the advantages of this new injection agent compared with conventional materials (latex and epoxy resin). Twenty-two formalin-fixed cadavers (34 knees), two <i>N</i>-vinyl-pyrrolidone (NVP)-fixed cadavers (4 knees), and two cadavers (3 knees) fixed by Thiel's method were used. After filling the knee joint space and SPR with eosin congealed liquid, the specimens were dissected to investigate the morphology of the SPR. In addition, three different types of injection agents were assessed. The SPR extended distally along the popliteus tendon. The SPR length was 22.64 ± 11.38 mm from the upper end of the lateral tibial condyle to the lower end of the depression. The existence of a fabellofibular ligament made the SPR significantly longer, but abrasion of the femoral articular cartilage did not affect the SPR. Furthermore, the relationship between the popliteus muscle and the SPR was classified into three types (types 1–3). Types 2 and 3 in which the SPR extended to the proximal tibiofibular joint may cause instability of the knee joint. The eosin congealed liquid was highly useful in many aspects, such as fluidity and injection workability. The new dissection method with eosin congealed liquid provides insights into the anatomy of the posterior lateral knee, which are useful for radiological diagnoses and clinical treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139991760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dissection, media portrayals, and reaction: Black bodies and medical education in nineteenth-century newspapers","authors":"Laura Elizabeth Smith","doi":"10.1002/ca.24146","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ca.24146","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Throughout the nineteenth century, medical schools in both the Northern and Southern regions of the United States required a regular supply of bodies for medical study and experimentation. Physicians and medical students targeted the bodies of African Americans, both freedmen and the enslaved, to meet this demand. Simultaneously, the nation's booming newspaper market became a stage on which debates about the cruelty of slavery and the social consequences of pursuing medical knowledge played out in articles about the dissection of Black bodies. Such stories increased fears about dissection and mistrust towards the medical profession among African American communities, which manifested in riots against physicians, vandalism against medical schools, and corrective responses from African American newspaper editors and journalists. Through an extensive examination of nineteenth-century U.S. newspapers, this article identifies themes evident in the coverage of dissection during this period. Southern newspapers crafted stories of dissection that served the dual purpose of entertaining White readers and humiliating African Americans. This public humiliation fostered what became a popular genre of derogatory and vile humor that reinforced negative and inaccurate racialized stereotypes as well as racist science. Ultimately, such newspaper coverage provoked reactions within Black communities and among antislavery advocates that showcase how people often excluded from practicing medicine themselves viewed issues like medical education. Newspaper rhetoric around these themes amplified tensions between religious and scientific perspectives, reflected differences and similarities between the northern and southern areas of the United States, and fortified racist views in both cultural and scientific contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139974344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microsurgical anatomy of the glossopharyngeal nerve","authors":"Wonil Joo","doi":"10.1002/ca.24143","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ca.24143","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The glossopharyngeal nerve is a complicated and mixed nerve including sensory, motor, parasympathetic, and visceral fibers. It mediates taste, salivation, and swallowing. The low cranial nerves, including IXth, Xth, and XIth, are closely related, sharing some nuclei in the brainstem. The glossopharyngeal nerve arises from the spinal trigeminal nucleus and tract, solitary tract and nucleus, nucleus ambiguous, and inferior salivatory nucleus in the brainstem. There are communicating branches forming a neural anastomotic network between low cranial nerves. Comprehensive knowledge of the anatomy of the glossopharyngeal nerve is crucial for performing surgical procedures without significant complications. This review describes the microsurgical anatomy of the glossopharyngeal nerve and illustrates some pictures involving the glossopharyngeal nerve and its connective and neurovascular structures.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139914003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasound clinical references of the healthy toenail unit","authors":"Olga López Ripado,&nbsp;Julia Villar Rodríguez,&nbsp;Esther Mingorance Álvarez,&nbsp;Ana Mª. Pérez Pico,&nbsp;Agustín García Nogales,&nbsp;Raquel Mayordomo Acevedo","doi":"10.1002/ca.24145","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ca.24145","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The toenail unit, commonly called the nail, is one of the most frequently examined and treated structures in clinical podiatry. Ultrasound is a standard clinical technique because it is a noninvasive, painless, and rapid diagnostic tool. The main objective of this study was to obtain morphometric data of the healthy toenail unit by ultrasound for clinical application. The nails of 76 participants (152 hallux nails; 38 men, 38 women, average age 26.83 ± 12.20) were examined using a VINNO E35 ultrasound system and an X6-16L linear probe with a frequency of 18 MHz. Five ultrasound measures of the healthy toenail unit were obtained, of which only the distance from the center of the distal phalange to the nail plate varied with age, sex, weight, and foot (<i>p</i>-values ≤ 0.050). The other four parameters were less influenced by the variables analyzed, except sex, which influenced nearly all (<i>p</i>-values ≤ 0.050). In one of these variables, indications of significance were observed (<i>p</i>-values = 0.060), with greater distances in the men than in the women, except for nail plate curvature, which showed a higher value. The other variables studied did not influence the parameters analyzed. High-frequency ultrasound can be used to examine the healthy toenail unit and define anthropometric reference measurements that can be used for more accurate and comparative diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ca.24145","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139730924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cervical enamel projections from a periodontal perspective: A scoping review","authors":"Hyun Ju Kim,&nbsp;Sun-Young Kim","doi":"10.1002/ca.24141","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ca.24141","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cervical enamel projections (CEPs) represent a unique developmental and anatomical anomaly wherein the enamel structure extends apically beyond the cemento-enamel junction of the tooth. In this scoping review, the existing literature on CEPs was evaluated to delineate their characteristics, prevalence, predilection for specific teeth and surfaces, clinical significance, and management approaches. Searches were conducted on MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane Library, and Embase databases using the keywords “enamel projection(s)” or “ectopic enamel.” In total, 24 studies meeting inclusion criteria were included in the review. The prevalence of CEPs varied widely (8.3%–85.1%), predominantly manifesting as grade I or grade III. Mandibular first and second molars exhibited a higher incidence of CEPs, with a notable predilection for buccal surfaces. The consensus in most studies was that CEPs are associated with localized periodontal diseases. Recommendations inclined toward the removal of ectopic enamel during periodontal surgery to enhance periodontal attachment formation. However, decision-making should involve careful consideration of the benefits and drawbacks based on individual circumstances.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139724886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Has anatomy stood still while all else has been on the march?","authors":"R. Shane Tubbs","doi":"10.1002/ca.24140","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ca.24140","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The medical historian, Poyntor (<span>1958</span>), in his analysis of the impact of <i>Gray's Anatomy</i> over its first 100 years since publication in 1858, posed the following question: “Has anatomy stood still while all else has been on the march? Or is it so little regarded that the same manual which instructed our great grandfathers will serve for our sons?” What a marvelous question to raise. Although Poyntor asked this question in regard to a single textbook of anatomy, it can be extrapolated to anatomy as a whole. In this regard, application of the clinical aspects of anatomy will certainly progress our discipline forwards and keep it from “standing still.” This issue of <i>Clinical Anatomy</i> provides our readers with articles that use endoscopy to better visualize the basal cisterns, preoperative imaging for discerning subscapular artery anatomy for use in pedicled free flaps, and MRI analysis for knee joint cartilage change in patients with osteoarthritis. Certainly, such clinical applications of anatomy will keep it on the move.</p><p>Frederick Noël Lawrence Poynter (1908–1979) (Figure 1) was a British medical historian, librarian, and director of the Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine. His influence in the field of medical history is exemplified by the Poynter lecture, named in his honor. He was president of the Bristol Medico-Historical Society and the International Academy of the History of Medicine. Bynum (<span>1980</span>) said, “He possessed a remarkable mixture of scholarly, editorial, and administrative skills which are rarely combined in a single individual.”</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ca.24140","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139703915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are YouTube videos about skull bone anatomy useful for students?","authors":"Songul Cuglan,&nbsp;Selin Gas","doi":"10.1002/ca.24138","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ca.24138","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the content, quality, and functionality of YouTube videos on the anatomy of skull bones and to measure their educational usefulness. In this cross-sectional study, the keywords “skull bones” and “skull anatomy” were searched in the YouTube search tab. Demographic data such as type, source, duration, upload date, and view rates of the videos were recorded. The quality and content of the videos were measured using the total content score (TCS), modified DISCERN scale, JAMA score, and Global Quality Scale (GQS). SPSS 26.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Twenty-five (34.7%) of the first 72 videos found by keyword searches were included in the study. According to the GQS criteria, six of them (24%) were considered useful and 19 (76%) not useful. There was a strong statistically significant correlation between the GQS and DISCERN scores (<i>r</i> = 0.813, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). There were strong statistically significant positive correlations between TCS and GQS scores (<i>r</i> = 0.887, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and between TCS and modified DISCERN scores (<i>r</i> = 0.691, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Additionally, there was a moderately strong statistically significant positive correlation between GQS and JAMA scores (<i>r</i> = 0.507, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). There were also moderately strong statistically significant correlations between JAMA score and DISCERN score (<i>r</i> = 0.521, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), video length (<i>r</i> = 0.416, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), number of comments (<i>r</i> = 0.457, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), and number of “likes” (<i>r</i> = 0.608, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). There was a moderately strong statistically significant positive correlation between TCS and JAMA scores (<i>r</i> = 0.431, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Most YouTube videos have insufficient information about skull bones to meet the expectations of medical and dental school curricula. Anatomists and institutions should be encouraged to prepare and present YouTube videos using assessment systems such as DISCERN, JAMA, GQS, and TCS, in line with current anatomy curricula.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139669615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}