Clinical Anatomy最新文献

{"title":"Evolution of the term “epicondyle of the femur”: Revisiting the anatomical and surgical literature","authors":"Keishiro Kikuchi,&nbsp;Gerrit T. Holleman,&nbsp;Juan J. Cardona,&nbsp;Emma R. Lesser,&nbsp;Chung Yoh Kim,&nbsp;Kosuke Tabuchi,&nbsp;Koichi Watanabe,&nbsp;Joe Iwanaga,&nbsp;R. Shane Tubbs","doi":"10.1002/ca.24160","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ca.24160","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The femoral epicondyle is an anatomical bony landmark essential for surgeons and anatomists, but there are discrepancies between the two fields when using this term. In current orthopedic surgery, it commonly denotes the small bony prominence of the femoral condyle. Given the derivation, “epicondyle” should be a region projecting laterally from the articular surface rather than a point. These discrepancies in usage are found not only between the fields but also in the literature. This article reviews the narrative definition of “epicondyle of the femur” in surgery and the evolution of the term in anatomy. The outcomes of the review suggest a relationship between the differing perceptions of the epicondyle and the evolution of the term. In reports of studies related to the epicondyle, it is strongly recommended that the definition of the word is clearly stated, with an understanding of its evolution.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140195012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of pre-body donor quizzes on student performance in a hybrid anatomy course","authors":"Reivian Berrios Barillas,&nbsp;Allyn Bove","doi":"10.1002/ca.24159","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ca.24159","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Learning human anatomy is essential for Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) education. Body donors are traditionally utilized to understand content, but in a hybrid learning environment, students have limited time to use body donors. To improve body donor access and learning, we created online synchronous pre-body donor activities. The impact of these online strategies on students' subsequent exams and final grade were investigated in a non-randomized, observational study. These activities were hypothesized to positively influence students' anatomy performance. In a 16-week semester, DPT students (case [<i>n</i> = 91], control [<i>n</i> = 22]) participated in a hybrid program of asynchronous/synchronous online learning and two in-person immersions. Measures included student course grades and teaching surveys. Spearman's rho correlations analyzed the relationship between four pre-body donor quizzes to body donor exams, written exams, and final course grade. Mann–Whitney U tests assessed differences in grades between cohorts. A linear regression model examined the influence of pre-body donor quizzing on exams/final grades. Correlation tests revealed a strong relationship between the average pre-body donor quiz score and both the first written exam and final course grade (<i>p</i> = 0.0001). The case group achieved significantly higher scores than the control group on the first in-person body donor exam (<i>p</i> = 0.011), the second written exam (<i>p</i> = 0.0001), and the final grade (<i>p</i> = 0.004). The pre-body donor quizzes predicted performance on the subsequent in-person body donor exams, written exams, and the final grade. Implementation of online pre-body donor learning activities was associated with increased academic performance among hybrid DPT students and may aid in learning anatomy concepts for clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ca.24159","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140159464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“A complete and thorough understanding of Anatomy is essential to intelligent, successful, and honest work in Medicine”","authors":"R. Shane Tubbs","doi":"10.1002/ca.24158","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ca.24158","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The anatomist Thomas Cook (<span>1893</span>) reminded us of a letter written to him by the president of the Royal College of Physicians, Sir Andrew Clark, where he remarked, “A complete and thorough understanding of Anatomy is essential to intelligent, successful, and honest work in Medicine.”</p><p>Sir Andrew Clark (Figure 1) was a highly esteemed physician described by colleagues of the day as a “man of science” and “one of the wisest of physicians and best of men” (Reminiscences of Andrew Clark, <span>1893</span>). His early work was devoted to morbid anatomy and microscopy, where his powers of observation and attention to detail were put to good use. In this regard, he was fond of quoting the words of Sydenham, “Tota ars medici est in observationibus”- the whole art of medicine consists of observations. He lectured on anatomy and physiology while working at London Hospital.</p><p>Clark was born in Aberdeen in 1826, the son of a physician (Matthew, <span>2004</span>). He studied at Edinburgh University and would become a member of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, developing a particular interest in pathology. After retiring from the Navy, where he was an assistant surgeon, he became curator of the pathological museum at the London Hospital. In 1866 he became a physician to the Gladstones with William Gladstone (1809–1898), a British statesman and prime minister, being one of his famous patients. Later, in 1888, Clark became president of the Royal College of Physicians and died in 1893.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ca.24158","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140121308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Angulation of the dural venous sinuses of the posterior cranial fossa: Anatomical study with clinical and surgical applications","authors":"Juan J. Cardona,&nbsp;Joe Iwanaga,&nbsp;Arada Chaiyamoon,&nbsp;Arthur Wang,&nbsp;Christopher M. Nickele,&nbsp;Matthew R. Amans,&nbsp;Daniel M. Heiferman,&nbsp;Kendrick D. Johnson,&nbsp;Aaron S. Dumont,&nbsp;R. Shane Tubbs","doi":"10.1002/ca.24154","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ca.24154","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cerebral vein and dural venous sinus thromboses (CVST) account for 0.5%–1% of all strokes. Some structural factors associated with a potentially higher risk for developing CVST have been described. However, angulation of the dural venous sinuses (DVS) has yet to be studied as a structural factor. The current study was performed because this variable could be related to alterations in venous flow, thus predisposing to a greater risk of CVST development. Additionally, such information could help shed light on venous sinus stenosis (VSS) at or near the transverse-sigmoid junction. The angulations formed in the different segments of the grooves of the transverse (TS), sigmoid (SS), and superior sagittal sinuses (SSS) were measured in 52 skulls (104 sides). The overall angulation of the TS groove was measured using two reference points. Other variables were examined, such as the communication pattern at the sinuses' confluence and the sinus grooves' lengths and widths. The patterns of communication between sides were compared statistically. The most typical communication pattern at the sinuses' confluence was a right-dominant TS groove (82.98%). The mean angulations of the entire left TS groove at two different points (A and B) were 46° and 43°. Those of the right TS groove were 44° and 45°. The median angulations of the left and right SSS-transverse sinus junction grooves were 127° and 124°. The mean angulations of the left and right TS-SSJsv grooves were 111° (range 82°–152°) and 103° (range 79°–130°). Differentiating normal and abnormal angulations of the DVSs of the posterior cranial fossa can help to explain why some patients are more susceptible to pathologies affecting the DVSs, such as CVST and VSS. Future application of these findings to patients with such pathologies is now necessary to extrapolate our results.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140112065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A histology guide for performing human cadaveric studies: SQIP 2024 what to look for with light microscopy","authors":"Joe Iwanaga,&nbsp;Keishiro Kikuchi,&nbsp;Kosuke Tabuchi,&nbsp;Mitesh Dave,&nbsp;Muralidharan Anbalagan,&nbsp;Keiko Fukino,&nbsp;Norio Kitagawa,&nbsp;Miguel A. Reina,&nbsp;Francisco Reina,&nbsp;Ana Carrera,&nbsp;Taichiro Nonaka,&nbsp;Mathangi Rajaram-Gilkes,&nbsp;Mohammed K. Khalil,&nbsp;Yuki Matsushita,&nbsp;R. Shane Tubbs","doi":"10.1002/ca.24156","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ca.24156","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Histological observation under light microscopy has long been used in human cadaveric studies. However, it can distort the interpretations of findings if not used appropriately; there is no guide for its proper use. The aim of this article is to revisit and discuss the correct use of histology in human cadaveric studies, following discussions with experts in multiple fields of medicine, and to create the first guide for such usage. We reached a consensus with the experts, agreeing that when this principle (structure, quantification, interaction, position: SQIP) is applied to histological observations, the findings will be interpreted correctly. Appropriate use of this recommendation can make human cadaveric studies more accurate and informative. This is the first histology guide for human cadaveric studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140102755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Myofascial junction: Emerging insights into the connection between deep/muscular fascia and muscle","authors":"Carmelo Pirri,&nbsp;Lucia Petrelli,&nbsp;Diego Guidolin,&nbsp;Andrea Porzionato,&nbsp;Caterina Fede,&nbsp;Veronica Macchi,&nbsp;Raffaele De Caro,&nbsp;Carla Stecco","doi":"10.1002/ca.24148","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ca.24148","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Muscles and fasciae are mutually connected and are influenced by force transmission. However, the anatomical connectivity and histological features of these structures remain unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the evidence for connection between muscles and deep/muscular fasciae. We assessed this relationship in different topographical regions of human cadavers and in mice. The results showed that myofascial junctions (MFJ) were made up of collagen I immune-positive structures occupying an average area of 5.11 ± 0.81 μm², distributed in discrete regions at the interface between muscle and fascia with an average density of 9.7 ± 2.51 MFJ/mm and an average inclination angle of 35.25 ± 1.52°. These specialized structures also showed collagen III and HA immunopositivity and the presence of elastic fibers. The human myofascial junction can be visualized, opening emerging insights into the connection between deep/muscular fascia and muscle.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140112066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anatomy of the medial wall of the cavernous sinus: A systematic review of the literature","authors":"Etienne Lefevre,&nbsp;Sophie Dupont,&nbsp;Dominique Liguoro,&nbsp;Fanny Chasseloup,&nbsp;Peter Kamenicky,&nbsp;Paul Roblot","doi":"10.1002/ca.24152","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ca.24152","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The existence, composition, and continuity of the medial wall of the cavernous sinus (MWCS) have been extensively studied and debated. However, the precise nature of this membrane remains unknown. Understanding the anatomical characteristics of the MWCS is crucial, notably in relation to pituitary adenomas, which often invade the cavernous sinus. Indeed, surgical treatment of those tumors is frequently incomplete because of such invasion. The anatomical and molecular basis of the peculiar and often lateralized tropism of adenomatous cells to the cavernous sinus is not yet understood and it has been suggested repeatedly that the MWCS is physiologically frail. During the past three decades, there have been several conflicting accounts of the existence, composition, and continuity of this medial wall, but methodological differences and varying definitions could have contributed to the current lack of consensus regarding it. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize previously published data concerning the existence, anatomy, composition, and continuity of the MWCS.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140102757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anatomical study with clinical significance of communicating and visceral branching of the cervical and upper thoracic sympathetic trunk","authors":"Verena B. Franco-Riveros,&nbsp;Sofía M. Pividori,&nbsp;Tomás I. Martin,&nbsp;Florencia E. Nicora,&nbsp;María Cecilia Lallana,&nbsp;Agustina A. Pontecorvo,&nbsp;Juan Carlos Flores,&nbsp;Richard Shane Tubbs,&nbsp;André P. Boezaart,&nbsp;Miguel A. Reina,&nbsp;Bruno Buchholz","doi":"10.1002/ca.24149","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ca.24149","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Current advances in the management of the autonomic nervous system in various cardiovascular diseases, and in treatments for pain or sympathetic disturbances in the head, neck, or upper limbs, necessitate a thorough understanding of the anatomy of the cervicothoracic sympathetic trunk. Our objective was to enhance our understanding of the origin and distribution of communicating branches and visceral cervicothoracic sympathetic nerves in human fetuses. This was achieved through a comprehensive topographic systematization of the branching patterns observed in the cervical and upper thoracic ganglia, along with the distribution of communicating branches to each cervical spinal nerve. We conducted detailed sub-macroscopic dissections of the cervical and thoracic regions in 20 human fetuses (40 sides). The superior and cervicothoracic ganglia were identified as the cervical sympathetic ganglia that provided the most communicating branches on both sides. The middle and accessory cervical ganglia contributed the fewest branches, with no significant differences between the right and left sides. The cervicothoracic ganglion supplied sympathetic branches to the greatest number of spinal nerves, spanning from C₅ to T₂. The distribution of communicating branches to spinal nerves was non-uniform. Notably, C₃, C₄, and C₅ received the fewest branches, and more than half of the specimens showed no sympathetic connections. C₁ and C₂ received sympathetic connections exclusively from the superior ganglion. Spinal nerves that received more branches often did so from multiple ganglia. The vertebral nerve provided deep communicating branches primarily to C₆, with lesser contributions to C₇, C₅, and C₈. The vagus nerve stood out as the cranial nerve with the most direct sympathetic connections. The autonomic branching pattern and connections of the cervicothoracic sympathetic trunk are significantly variable in the fetus. A comprehensive understanding of the anatomy of the cervical and upper thoracic sympathetic trunk and its branches is valuable during autonomic interventions and neuromodulation. This knowledge is particularly relevant for addressing various autonomic cardiac diseases and for treating pain and vascular dysfunction in the head, neck, and upper limbs.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140102756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The position, orientation, and relative size of the fibularis longus tubercle in normal patients: A weightbearing CT assessment","authors":"Amir Gahanbani Ardakani,&nbsp;Branavan Rudran,&nbsp;Howard Stringer,&nbsp;Matthew Welck,&nbsp;Lyndon Mason,&nbsp;Karan Malhotra","doi":"10.1002/ca.24150","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ca.24150","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The fibularis longus attaches to the base of the first metatarsal at the fibularis/peroneus longus tubercle (FLT/PLT). Theoretically, differences in FLT morphology may reflect changes in the function of the fibularis longus. This study defines the normal limits of the FLT position, orientation, and size in patients with morphologically normal foot anatomy. A retrospective analysis of 131 feet without deformity in 72 patients undergoing weightbearing CT (WBCT) at a single center was conducted. The position and morphology of the FLT was assessed with novel measurements including tubercle-floor distance, tubercle-metatarsal angle, and the angle between the floor and a line bisecting the FLT (bisecting angle). Roundness of the FLT was compared to a triangle limiting its shape (triangular ratio), with lower values indicating increasing roundness. We also report relative size of the FLT to the first metatarsal (X/Y ratio), and relative size of the first metatarsal and FLT to the second metatarsal (XY/Z ratio). There were no significant side to side differences for any measurement (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). Mean values were: tubercle-floor distance 28.02 ± 2.63 mm, tubercle-metatarsal angle 32.7 ± 6.32 degrees, bisecting angle 65.58 ± 6.27 degrees, triangular ratio 0.69 ± 0.04, X/Y ratio 1.13 ± 0.20, and XY/Z ratio 3.44 ± −0.72. Bisecting angle strongly correlated with tubercle-metatarsal angle (Pearson correlation 0.840, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) suggesting FLT rotation occurred independent of foot position. ICC was &gt;0.943 for all measurements. This study reports the morphology of the FLT in individuals with normal feet. This normative data may be used in future studies examining differences between groups of patients with foot pathology, helping us better understand the role of fibularis longus in the development and treatment of foot disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140112107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Personalized strategies for academic success in learning anatomy: Exploring metacognitive and technological adaptation in medical students","authors":"Mónica Stambuk-Castellano,&nbsp;Anna Carrera,&nbsp;R. Shane Tubbs,&nbsp;Carlos Alario-Hoyos,&nbsp;Enric Verdú,&nbsp;Joe Iwanaga,&nbsp;Francisco Reina","doi":"10.1002/ca.24155","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ca.24155","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Personalization of learning is an educational strategy rooted in metacognition and is significant in academic training. This is especially true in medical contexts. This study explored the relationship between the metacognitive profile of students of human anatomy, the classification of questions according to their difficulty, and the anatomical domain. It also covered the integration of educational technologies to create personalized learning environments. The identification of metacognitive profiles (“Active”, “Pragmatic”, “Theoretical”, and “Reflective”) has been highlighted as a critical influence on students' responses to different pedagogical approaches. Personalized adaptation based on these profiles has shown potential for improving grades and increasing student satisfaction and engagement with learning. The results revealed variations in student performance in relation to different pedagogical approaches, learning units, and evaluation modalities. The “Experience” evaluation modality, personalized according to metacognitive profiles, level of competence, and learning objectives, resulted in higher average scores. However, there was significant variability in the results. Those findings confirm the effectiveness of metacognitive adaptation in improving academic performance. Furthermore, they provide a solid basis for formulating personalized and effective pedagogical strategies in medical education. They recognize the influence of metacognitive profiles on student performance and contribute to advancing medical pedagogy.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ca.24155","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140076332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}