Clinical Anatomy最新文献

{"title":"Three‐dimensional reconstruction of King Henri IV's paranasal sinuses and mastoid cells","authors":"Robin Baudouin, Angélique Amelot, Isabelle Huynh‐Charlier, Quentin Lisan, Stéphane Hans, Philippe Charlier","doi":"10.1002/ca.24172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.24172","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeThe preserved head of King Henri IV of France (life 1553–1610, reign 1589–1610) has survived to the present day thanks to high‐quality embalming and favorable conservation conditions. The aim of this study was to examine Henry IV's upper resonant cavities and mastoids using an original and innovative forensic three‐dimensional segmentation method.MethodsThe paranasal sinuses and mastoid cells of King Henri IV of France were studied by cross‐referencing available biographical information with clinical and flexible endoscopic examination and computed tomography (CT‐scan) imaging. The paranasal sinuses and mastoid cells were delineated and their volumes were assessed using ITK‐SNAP 4.0 software (open‐source). Graphical representations were created using Fusion 360® (Autodesk Inc., San Rafael, CA, USA) and MeshMixer® (Autodesk Inc., San Rafael, CA, USA).ResultsParanasal sinus tomodensitometry revealed abnormalities in shape and number. Henri IV of France suffered from sinus aplasia. Neither the left sphenoid nor left frontal sinus contrasted sharply, and a remarkable pneumatization of the right clinoid processes extended throughout the height of the right pterygoid process. The total volumes of Henri IV's mastoid air‐cells were estimated at 27 and 26 mL, respectively, for the right and left sides, exceeding the normal mean and the maximum of modern subjects by a wide margin. No sign of chronic ear or sinus condition was found.ConclusionsAn innovative method has been developed in forensic medicine to establish hypotheses about the growth and respiratory conditions of the face.","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140626956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lorenz Fries on the defense of Avicenna, the prince of physicians: Addressed to the medics of Germany (1530)","authors":"Mohammadali M. Shoja,&nbsp;Tara Tritsch,&nbsp;R. Shane Tubbs","doi":"10.1002/ca.24169","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ca.24169","url":null,"abstract":"<p>During the 14th century CE, a pivotal shift took place in the world of medicine as its epicenter transitioned from the Middle East to Europe. The emergence of the European Renaissance sparked skepticism regarding the significance of Avicenna's contributions to the advancement of medicine. This paper explores how the rise of secularization and the Renaissance in Europe marked significant cultural transformations, fostering the spread of literacy. These societal shifts influenced the trajectory of medical thought, and Avicenna's “Canon of Medicine” received both praise and condemnation amidst the evolving intellectual landscape. In this context, Lorenz Fries composed his “Defense of Avicenna,” a testament to his profound admiration for Avicenna's legacy. This paper presents an English translation of Fries' 1530 work, and introduces Fries and Avicenna's “Canon,” contextualizing Fries' defense within the broader rejection of Arab-language medical texts in the 16th century. It also explores Avicenna's influence on European medicine and anatomy during the Renaissance and highlights the enduring relevance of his contributions to the annals of science. Fries' defense underscores Avicenna's methodological acumen and emphasizes the importance of a robust theoretical foundation in medical practice. Avicenna's integration of Aristotelianism with Platonism highlighted the necessity of a rigorous method informed by theory in medical analysis. Fries' defense remains relevant today, particularly in advocating for systematic medical analysis against subjective approaches. Avicenna's medical philosophy seems nested within a larger, hopeful attempt to resolve the tensions between science or naturalism and religion or spiritualism. The rejection of Avicenna reflects broader conflicts between Aristotelian and Neoplatonic traditions, suggesting a complex interplay of secularization and theological influences in shaping medical thought during the Renaissance.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140610956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aortic root morphometry revisited—Clinical implications for aortic valve interventions","authors":"Damian Dudkiewicz,&nbsp;Maciej Lis,&nbsp;Artem Yakovliev,&nbsp;Jakub Hołda,&nbsp;Filip Bolechała,&nbsp;Marcin Strona,&nbsp;Paweł Kopacz,&nbsp;Mateusz K. Hołda","doi":"10.1002/ca.24165","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ca.24165","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The complex anatomy of the aortic root is of great importance for many surgical and transcatheter cardiac procedures. Therefore, the aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive morphological description of the nondiseased aortic root. We morphometrically examined 200 autopsied human adult hearts (22.0% females, 47.9 ± 17.7 years). A meticulous macroscopic analysis of aortic root anatomy was performed. The largest cross-section area of the aortic root was observed in coaptation center plane (653.9 ± 196.5 mm²), followed by tubular plane (427.7 ± 168.0 mm²) and basal ring (362.7 ± 159.1 mm²) (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). The right coronary sinus was the largest (area: 234.3 ± 85.0 mm²), followed by noncoronary sinus (218.7 ± 74.8 mm²) and left coronary sinus (201.2 ± 78.08 mm²). The noncoronary sinus was the deepest, followed by right and left coronary sinus (16.4 ± 3.2 vs. 15.9 ± 3.1 vs. 14.9 ± 2.9 mm, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). In 68.5% of hearts, the coaptation center was located near the aortic geometric center. The left coronary ostium was located 15.6 ± 3.8 mm above sinus bottom (within the sinus in 91.5% and above sinutubular junction in 8.5%), while for right coronary ostium, it was 16.2 ± 3.5 mm above (83.5% within sinus and 16.5% above). In general, males exhibited larger aortic valve dimensions than females. A multiple forward stepwise regression model showed that anthropometric variables might predict the size of coaptation center plane (age, sex, and heart weight; <i>R</i>² = 31.8%), tubular plane (age and sex; <i>R</i>² = 25.6%), and basal ring (age and sex; <i>R</i>² = 16.9%). In conclusion, this study presents a comprehensive analysis of aortic-root morphometry and provides a platform for further research into the intricate interplay between structure and function of the aortic root.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ca.24165","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140617930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between first tarsometatarsal ligament morphology and its continuity with the fibularis longus and first tarsometatarsal joint degeneration","authors":"Kodai Sakamoto,&nbsp;Mutsuaki Edama,&nbsp;Haruki Osanami,&nbsp;Hirotake Yokota,&nbsp;Ryo Hirabayashi,&nbsp;Chie Sekine,&nbsp;Tomonobu Ishigaki,&nbsp;Hiroshi Akuzawa,&nbsp;Taku Toriumi,&nbsp;Ikuo Kageyama","doi":"10.1002/ca.24167","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ca.24167","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study explored the relationship between the morphological characteristics of the first tarsometatarsal ligaments and fibularis longus (FL) and the severity of articular cartilage degeneration in the first tarsometatarsal joint. Sixty legs from 30 cadavers were examined. The plantar, dorsal, and medial first tarsometatarsal ligaments were classified by fiber bundle number, and their morphological characteristics (fiber bundle length, width, thickness) were measured. The FL was categorized by its continuity with the plantar first tarsometatarsal ligament (PTML): Type A, connection with the PTML only on the first metatarsal; Type B, connection along the entire PTML; and Type C, no connection with the PTML. The severity of articular cartilage degeneration was assessed in four stages. No significant differences in cartilage degeneration among ligament types were found. Negative correlations were observed between the fiber bundle width and thickness of the PTML and the severity of cartilage degeneration. FL was classified as Type A in 68%, Type B in 27%, and Type C in 5% of feet. The fiber bundle thickness of the PTML in Type B was greater than in other types. Our findings suggest that smaller fiber bundle width and thickness in the PTML may be associated with severe cartilage degeneration. The FL had continuity with the PTML in 95% of feet and could enhance the mechanical strength of the PTML in Type B feet.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140584288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variation in the origin of the plantar aponeurosis and its relationship to the origin of the abductor hallucis muscle","authors":"Daisuke Mizuno,&nbsp;Shun Otsuka,&nbsp;Xiyao Shan,&nbsp;Kanae Umemoto,&nbsp;Munekazu Naito","doi":"10.1002/ca.24164","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ca.24164","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The plantar aponeurosis comprises medial, central, and lateral bands, which arise from the calcaneal tuberosity. Descriptions of the origin of the abductor hallucis vary among different textbooks. The central band and abductor hallucis muscles are related to the windlass mechanism. Given the uncertainties regarding the details of the origins of the central band and the abductor hallucis muscle, we examined those origins in 100 feet of 50 cadavers (25 males and 25 females) by dissection. There were three central band patterns, depending on the attachment sites of the origins of the central and lateral bands: Pattern Ia, the central band covers the lateral band completely; Pattern Ib, the central band covers part of the lateral band; Pattern II, the lateral band covers part of the central band. The origin of the abductor hallucis muscle was confirmed. It showed two types of variation: attachment type, originating from the central band; non-attachment type, not originating from the central band. Central band Patterns Ia, Ib, and II were found in 23 feet (17 males, 6 females), 24 feet (25 males, 28 females), and 24 feet (eight males, 16 females), respectively. Pattern Ia predominated in males and Pattern II in females. The attachment and non-attachment types of abductor hallucis muscle were observed in 28 feet (28%) and 72 feet (72%), respectively. The attachment type with Patterns Ia, Ib, and II was shown in 17 feet, 10 feet, and one foot, respectively. Thus, we revealed variation and sex differences in the central band, which could affect foot morphology and the efficacy of the windlass mechanism.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140584285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preservation of the heart in ancient Egyptian mummies: A computed tomography investigation with focus on the myocardium","authors":"Stephanie Panzer,&nbsp;Alice Paladin,&nbsp;Stephanie Zesch,&nbsp;Wilfried Rosendahl,&nbsp;Peter Augat,&nbsp;Randall C. Thompson,&nbsp;Michael I. Miyamoto,&nbsp;M. Linda Sutherland,&nbsp;Adel H. Allam,&nbsp;L. Samuel Wann,&nbsp;James D. Sutherland,&nbsp;Chris J. Rowan,&nbsp;David E. Michalik,&nbsp;Klaus Hergan,&nbsp;Albert R. Zink","doi":"10.1002/ca.24151","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ca.24151","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The ancient Egyptians considered the heart to be the most important organ. The belief that the heart remained in the body is widespread in the archeological and paleopathological literature. The purpose of this study was to perform an overview of the preserved intrathoracic structures and thoracic and abdominal cavity filling, and to determine the prevalence and computed tomography (CT) characteristics of the myocardium in the preserved hearts of ancient Egyptian mummies. Whole-body CT examinations of 45 ancient Egyptian mummies (23 mummies from the Ägyptisches Museum und Papyrussammlung, Berlin, Germany, and 22 mummies from the Museo Egizio, Turin, Italy) were systematically assessed for preserved intrathoracic soft tissues including various anatomical components of the heart (pericardium, interventricular septum, four chambers, myocardium, valves). Additionally, evidence of evisceration and cavity filling was documented. In cases with identifiable myocardium, quantitative (measurements of thickness and density) and qualitative (description of the structure) assessment of the myocardial tissue was carried out. Heart structure was identified in 28 mummies (62%). In 33 mummies, CT findings demonstrated evisceration, with subsequent cavity filling in all but one case. Preserved myocardium was identified in nine mummies (five male, four female) as a mostly homogeneous, shrunken structure. The posterior wall of the myocardium had a mean maximum thickness of 3.6 mm (range 1.4–6.6 mm) and a mean minimum thickness of 1.0 mm (range 0.5–1.7 mm). The mean Hounsfield units (HU) of the myocardium at the posterior wall was 61 (range, 185–305). There was a strong correlation between the HU of the posterior wall of the myocardium and the mean HU of the muscles at the dorsal humerus (<i>R</i> = 0.77; <i>p</i> = 0.02). In two cases, there were postmortem changes in the myocardium, most probably due to insect infestation. To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the myocardium systematically on CT scans of ancient Egyptian mummies. Strong correlations between the densities of the myocardium and skeletal muscle indicated similar postmortem changes of the respective musculature during the mummification process within individual mummies. The distinct postmortem shrinking of the myocardium and the collapse of the left ventriclular cavity in several cases did not allow for paleopathological diagnoses such as myocardial scarring.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140584289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“The man without insight into the fabric of his body has no knowledge of himself”","authors":"R. Shane Tubbs","doi":"10.1002/ca.24161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.24161","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In 1620, John Moir said, “Self-knowledge can, and ought, to apply not only to the soul, but also to the body; the man without insight into the fabric of his body has no knowledge of himself. This idea, written over four centuries ago, will be embraced by our readers. This issue of <i>Clinical Anatomy</i> includes original studies on soleus and Scarpa's fasciae, the nerve to zygomaticus major, and a novel method of evaluating bone density. Additionally, educational and historical papers are included.</p><p>John Moir was a student at Marischal College, founded in 1593 in Aberdeen, located in the northeast part of Scotland. His lecture notes have been published, giving insight into medical education in the early 17th century (French, 1975). For example, he notes, “nerves have no perceptible cavity internally, as the veins and arteries have.”</p><p>French RK. 1975. Anatomical education in a Scottish university, 1620: an annotated translation of the lecture notes of John Moir. In: Texts in the History of Medicine. Aberdeen, Scotland. Aberdeen: Equipress.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ca.24161","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140333252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TA2Viewer: A web-based browser for Terminologia Anatomica and online anatomical knowledge","authors":"Michael W. Halle,&nbsp;Ron Kikinis,&nbsp;Paul E. Neumann","doi":"10.1002/ca.24162","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ca.24162","url":null,"abstract":"<p>TA2Viewer is an open-access, web-based application and database for browsing anatomical terms and associated medical information on a computer or mobile device (https://ta2viewer.openanatomy.org/). It incorporates the official digital version of the second edition of <i>Terminologia Anatomic</i>a (TA2) as published by the Federative International Programme for Anatomical Terminology (FIPAT), and adopted by the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists (IFAA) and other associations. It provides a dynamic and interactive view of the Latin and English nomenclatures. The organizational hierarchy of the terminology can be navigated by using a scrollable, expandable, and collapsible structured listing. Interactive search includes the official TA2 terms, synonyms, and related terms. TA2Viewer also uses TA2 term information to provide convenient access to other online resources, including Google web and image searches, PubMed, and Radiopaedia. Using cross-references from Wikidata, which were provided by the Wikipedia community, TA2Viewer offers links to Wikipedia, UBERON, UMLS, FMA, MeSH, NeuroNames, the public domain 20th edition of <i>Gray's Anatomy</i>, and other data sources. In addition, it can optionally use unofficial synonyms from Wikidata to provide multilingual term searches in hundreds of languages. By leveraging TA2, TA2Viewer provides free access to a curated anatomical nomenclature and serves as an index of online anatomical knowledge.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ca.24162","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140332224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abstracts Presented at the Winter Meeting of the British Association of Clinical Anatomists on 19th December 2023, at the Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/ca.24157","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ca.24157","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140332223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Musculoskeletal pain intensity and perceptions during distance learning: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Burak Şevket Vuran,&nbsp;Turgay Altunalan","doi":"10.1002/ca.24163","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ca.24163","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Technological developments and the pandemic have popularized the distance learning model at universities. In this educational model, students spend more time in front of screens, and screen-related health conditions have become important. This cross-sectional study of 177 undergraduate students was designed to investigate the effect of block and traditional scheduling in online distance education (ODE) on their musculoskeletal pain and to investigate their perceptions of block scheduling. A two-stage method was used: a quantitative design to compare pain levels, and a qualitative design to determine the students' perceptions of block scheduling using an online survey. Pain intensity was assessed using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS-11). Data were collected in the university health sciences department. Pain intensity following the block and traditional lessons was analyzed using a paired <i>t</i>-test. Students in the block schedule had significantly more pain, with a large effect size on the whole trunk and upper limbs. Pain levels were also clinically meaningful for the upper (5.73 ± 2.75), lower (5.59 ± 2.87), and neck (4.92 ± 2.60) regions. Students reported positive experiences with block scheduling in ODE such as saving time (43%) and maintaining subject integrity (26%), but also negative experiences such as distraction (56%), fatigue (33%), pain (17%), and boredom (11%). Block scheduling in ODE could cause clinically significant neck and back pain. In distance learning, keeping the course duration short and ensuring student mobility in the classroom are important.</p>","PeriodicalId":50687,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ca.24163","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140307710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}