Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Twin differences in the Minnesota Trust Game relate to neural mechanisms of suspiciousness.","authors":"Rebecca Kazinka, Anita N D Kwashie, Danielle N Pratt, Iris Vilares, William G Iacono, Sylia Wilson, Angus W MacDonald","doi":"10.3758/s13415-025-01324-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13415-025-01324-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Spite sensitivity, or the fear that a person is willing to intentionally take a loss to ensure that another person will as well, may be a key component in understanding persecutory ideation (the belief that others want to harm you). We implemented a co-twin control design to examine potentially causal relationships among persecutory ideation, spite sensitivity, and neural activity and connectivity. Sixty-nine participants (23 monozygotic twin pairs and an additional 23 unpaired monozygotic twins) completed the Minnesota Trust Game-a social decision-making game played asynchronously with an anonymous partner that targets spite sensitivity by varying the incentives of the partner. Participants with more self-reported persecutory ideation (relative to those with lower persecutory ideation) trusted less even when the partner was incentivized to be fair. Similarly, computational modeling showed that increased persecutory ideation was associated with greater beliefs of a partner's spitefulness. Twins with greater beliefs of a partner's spitefulness (relative to their co-twins) also reported higher persecution. In addition, twin differences in left lateral OFC activation during the task were associated with spite sensitivity. These results point towards a potentially causal role of the lateral OFC on spite sensitivity, and in turn effects of spite sensitivity on persecutory ideation.</p>","PeriodicalId":50672,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144610172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Empathy in dark and vulnerable personality traits: a multimethod study from self-reported, performance-based, and electrophysiological empathy correlates.","authors":"Véronique Maheux-Caron, Sébastien Hétu, Gasser Saleh, Simon Rigoulot, Dominick Gamache","doi":"10.3758/s13415-025-01309-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13415-025-01309-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Deficits in empathic functioning are a hallmark of dark personality traits, such as psychopathy, narcissism, Machiavellianism, and sadism, which form the Dark Tetrad construct (D4). The Vulnerable Dark Triad construct (VDT; borderline symptomatology, vulnerable narcissism, and secondary psychopathy) shares antagonism with the D4 but also includes emotionally vulnerable facets. Maheux-Caron et al. (2024) uncovered meaningful profiles based on D4 and VDT traits using Latent Class Analysis and found significant differences across profiles on self-reported empathy. The current study aimed to investigate differences in empathy and emotional face processing across profiles from Maheux-Caron et al.'s (2024) work-adopting a multimethod approach in which dispositional, behavioral, and electrophysiological empathy correlates were examined. An empathy task based on the Affective and Cognitive Measure of Empathy (ACME; Vachon & Lynam, 2016) was developed and preliminary construct validity data for the task are reported in the present paper. Significant differences were found across profiles on dispositional affective empathy and behavioral cognitive empathy. Although differences across profiles on electrophysiological data were not found, exploratory supplemental analyses showed associations between the personality measures of borderline and Machiavellian traits and a reduced N170 amplitude. The present study highlights how the operationalization of empathy and its related measures play a paramount role in understanding empathic functioning. Our findings support the idea that self-reported cognitive empathy measures are not valid proxies for actual empathic ability, and this should be carefully considered in research and clinical practice settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":50672,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144592875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Childhood P300 predicts development of depressive disorders into adolescence.","authors":"Nicholas J Santopetro, Brady D Nelson, Greg Hajcak, Daniel N Klein","doi":"10.3758/s13415-025-01327-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13415-025-01327-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The prevalence of depressive and anxiety disorders dramatically increases as children enter adolescence. It is critical to identify etiological factors that can assist in the identification of children most at risk. Event-related potentials are one measure that has demonstrated promise and feasible application in children and adolescents. In particular, the P300 has been extensively employed to examine cognitive system deviations associated with depressive and anxiety disorders. However, this work has primarily focused on adults, and there have been limited prospective investigations, making it unclear whether the P300 can prospectively predict the development of later depressive and anxiety disorders during critical developmental periods, such as adolescence.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The present sample included 272 9-year-old children with no history of psychopathology who completed the doors task while continuous electroencephalography was recorded to measure the choice- and feedback-locked P300s. Participants completed follow-up diagnostic interviews through age 15 to determine onset of later depressive and anxiety disorders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A smaller choice-locked, but not feedback-locked, P300 in childhood predicted an increased likelihood of developing first-onset depression by mid-adolescence. Neither P300 predicted the development of anxiety disorders.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The present study indicates a blunted choice-locked P300 indexes risk for depressive disorders in adolescence. The choice-locked P300 might be a valuable neural measure for further understanding pathways unique to increasing depression in adolescence.</p>","PeriodicalId":50672,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144545875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stimulus-specific influence of gender on mental-rotation-related brain activity.","authors":"Nadia M Bersier, Raffaella I Rumiati, Silvio Ionta","doi":"10.3758/s13415-025-01325-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13415-025-01325-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mental rotation (MR) is a cognitive process during which individuals mentally simulate the rotation in space of an object's image (stimulus). The traditional assertion that men outperform women in MR tasks may be influenced by methodological biases, such as treating gender as a secondary or post hoc variable, and relying solely on binary comparisons between two classes of MR stimuli. Furthermore, a comprehensive understanding of how nuanced the effects of the interaction between gender and stimulus type are on MR-related brain activity remains lacking. To fill these gaps, we recorded functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data while 57 participants (29 women, aged 18-35 years) performed MR of abstract objects, human bodies, and real objects. Whole-brain fMRI data analyses indicated that, with respect to women, men had larger activations in inferior frontal regions during MR of abstract objects, and in superior and medial frontal regions during MR of human bodies. Compared with men, in women we found larger activity in the superior parietal lobe during MR of human bodies with respect to abstract objects, and in the inferior occipital cortex in the MR of real objects versus human bodies. Finally, while in men we found a positive correlation between MR accuracy and brain activity in the precuneus, in women the correlation between MR accuracy and activity in motor and premotor areas was negative. These results indicate that brain activity during MR is modulated by the type of stimulus, differently for women and men.</p>","PeriodicalId":50672,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144545877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sleepiness but neither fluid nor crystallized intelligence can be predicted from resting-state electroencephalography - Evidence from the large scale CoScience EEG-Personality Project.","authors":"Christoph Fruehlinger, Katharina Paul, Corinna Kührt, Jan Wacker","doi":"10.3758/s13415-025-01323-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13415-025-01323-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous electroencephalogram (EEG) studies linked measures of spectral power under rest and fluid intelligence; however, subsequent high-powered studies challenged this relationship. The present study aimed to address previous limitations (low statistical power, lack of preregistration) and investigated the predictability of intelligence measures from resting-state EEG in the CoScience data set (N = 772). Support vector regressions were applied to analyze 8 min of resting-state EEG with eyes open and closed before and after unrelated tasks. The decoding performance between the spectral power of 59 EEG channels within 30 frequency bins and fluid and crystallized intelligence, was evaluated with a tenfold cross-validation. We could not identify any meaningful associations between resting-state EEG spectral power and either fluid or crystallized intelligence-a null finding that is unlikely to be entirely due to a relatively modest restriction of fluid intelligence variance in our student sample. Moreover, we did replicate the previously reported association between state sleepiness and theta power, attesting to the integrity of the CoScience data set. Furthermore, the decomposition of the EEG signal into its periodic and aperiodic components revealed that the aperiodic offset parameter is significantly correlated with state sleepiness, emphasizing the relevance of aperiodic signal components in understanding states of alertness versus sleepiness.</p>","PeriodicalId":50672,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144545876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of cognitive conflict-induced negative affect in adaptive performance adjustments: An ERP investigation comparing subjective experience and implicit regulation.","authors":"Shuangqing Si, Jiajin Yuan, Qian Yang","doi":"10.3758/s13415-025-01322-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13415-025-01322-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Conflict can induce negative affect, which may enhance performance in subsequent tasks. However, the mechanisms underlying this effect remain unclear. This electroencephalography (EEG) study investigated how subjective experience and implicit regulation of conflict influence performance adjustments. Thirty-eight participants performed a modified color-word Stroop task under two conditions: (1) 'Experience-do' where they experienced (i.e., observed and actively experienced the emotional feeling) the Stroop stimulus before responding, and (2) 'Experience-Rating-do' where they rated their emotional responses to the stimulus before responding. Behaviorally, both conditions improved performance on subsequent conflict and nonconflict trials. At the ERP level, the 'Experience-Rating-do' condition showed increased late positive potential (LPP) and P1 amplitudes in the first phase, paired with decreased conflict slow potential (SP) in the second phase. Conversely, the 'Experience-do' condition exhibited increased LPP, P1, and conflict SP amplitudes in the second phase. Crucially, these improvements in conflict adjustments were driven by distinct mechanisms: increased P1 and reduced conflict SP enhanced performance in the 'Experience-R-do' condition, while increased LPP was associated with performance gains in the 'Experience-do' condition. These findings underscore the contributions of subjective experience and implicit regulation of conflict-induced negative affect to adaptive performance adjustments, shedding light on the interplay between cognitive control and emotion.</p>","PeriodicalId":50672,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144509268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review: Suicide and its relationship to aggression and impulsivity.","authors":"Yoojin Lee, Jessica R Gilbert, Laura R Waldman, Carlos A Zarate, Elizabeth D Ballard","doi":"10.3758/s13415-025-01321-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13415-025-01321-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aggression and impulsivity are key risk factors for suicide, which remains a public health concern. The heterogeneity of suicidal behaviors, combined with the complexities of aggression and impulsivity, complicates the investigation of their relationship with suicide risk. This review sought to provide a comprehensive overview of the literature examining the relationship between aggression, impulsivity, and suicide. Broadly, individuals with higher levels of aggression and impulsivity were found to be more vulnerable to suicidal behaviors. Stress, the immune system, and neurotransmitters also appeared to affect the relationship between aggression, impulsivity, and suicide. The reactive aggression and proactive aggression subtypes were each found to uniquely contribute to suicide risk. Furthermore, although different facets of impulsivity have varied relationships with suicide risk, self-reported impulsivity did not consistently align with task-driven impulsivity, and distinct facets of task-driven impulsivity demonstrated unique associations with suicide risk. Task-driven impulsivity and reward-based learning, as estimated by reinforcement learning hyperparameters, may provide valuable insights into the potential utility of tasks that assess risk factors in suicide research and their relationship with sensory and emotion regulation in the brain. In addition, neuroimaging studies indicated that decreased cognitive capability and control may be involved in the link between impulsivity and suicide. Collectively, the evidence presented herein highlights the complex interplay between aggression, impulsivity, and suicide. Understanding the underlying genetic, epigenetic, stress, neural, and neurotransmitter factors involved is crucial for developing effective prevention and intervention strategies for individuals at risk of suicide.</p>","PeriodicalId":50672,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144499071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive appraisal modulates Theta Burst Stimulation effects on stress-reactive rumination and affect.","authors":"Isabell Int-Veen, Stefanie De Smet, Matias M Pulopulos, Gert Vanhollebeke, Beatrix Barth, Sarah Pasche, Francesco Albasini, Chris Baeken, Hans-Christoph Nuerk, Christian Plewnia, Vanessa Nieratschker, Andreas Jochen Fallgatter, Ann-Christine Ehlis, David Rosenbaum, Marie-Anne Vanderhasselt","doi":"10.3758/s13415-025-01314-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13415-025-01314-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The DLPFC plays a central role in cognitive appraisal and stress regulation, as this process-particularly secondary appraisal, where individuals assess their ability to cope with a situation-significantly influences stress responses on both psychological and physiological levels. We conducted a study where we applied different types of Theta Burst Stimulation (intermittent (i)TBS vs. continuous (c)TBS vs. sham (s)TBS) to the left DLPFC to increase or decrease the cortical excitability of the prefrontal neural network. We then examined how participants responded psychologically and physiologically to a potent psychosocial stressor, the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), and aimed to investigate the influence of secondary cognitive appraisal on the effects of TBS on the stress response. Depending on the stimulation, we discovered that the cognitive appraisal significantly influenced rumination, positive and negative affect specifically in stress recovery. More precisely, as expected, individuals who perceived greater control experienced a faster recovery of stress-reactive ruminative thinking following sTBS and lower rumination following the stressor. We found lower increases and faster recovery of negative affect in all stimulation conditions and faster decreases in positive affect after the TSST following cTBS and iTBS, suggesting beneficial effects of both stimulation conditions. Concerning the assessed physiological variables, namely heart rate, heart rate variability, and salivary cortisol, we did not observe any impact of appraisal. These findings suggest that the effect of secondary appraisal on psychological variables depends on the type of stimulation, and while it may be linked to increased DLPFC activity, further research is needed to clarify the neurostimulation mechanisms involved.</p>","PeriodicalId":50672,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144477729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stress awareness and decision-making under uncertainty: Gender-specific effects of mild hypoxia in the Iowa Gambling Task.","authors":"S Pighin, A Fornasiero, M Testoni, A Bogani, N Bonini, B Pellegrini, F Schena, L Savadori","doi":"10.3758/s13415-025-01320-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13415-025-01320-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Decision-making under uncertainty is a key cognitive function that is sensitive to acute stress. While prior studies have documented gender-specific effects of stress (i.e., typically increased risk-taking in males and greater caution in females), such findings have primarily emerged in conditions where participants were aware of the ongoing stressor. The present study explored whether stress awareness modulates gender differences in risk-taking by manipulating participants' awareness of being under mild hypoxia (i.e., reduced oxygen availability), a systemic stressor that often goes unnoticed by individuals. Sixty-four participants completed the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) under normoxic (fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO₂) = 20.9%) and mildly hypoxic (FiO₂ = 14.1%) conditions, with participants either being informed or uninformed about the stressor. Results indicated that when participants were aware of the stressor, males exhibited an increased selection of disadvantageous decks (corresponding to greater risk-taking in the IGT) under mild hypoxia, whereas females demonstrated a trend toward more cautious and advantageous choices. In contrast, when unaware of the stressor, both genders showed similar, modest increases in disadvantageous choices under hypoxia. These findings suggest that gender-specific coping strategies in risky decision-making are triggered by the conscious appraisal of stress, rather than by its mere physiological presence, and support theoretical models emphasizing the role of cognitive appraisal and internalized gender norms in shaping decision-making under stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":50672,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144477731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the neural and behavioral correlates of the stress-rumination link in healthy humans by modulating the left Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex using Theta Burst Stimulation.","authors":"Isabell Int-Veen, Ute Eßer, Sandra Ladegast, Leonhard Liermann, Ramona Täglich, Betti Schopp, Hans-Christoph Nuerk, Christian Plewnia, Agnes Kroczek, Stefanie De Smet, Marie-Anne Vanderhasselt, Andreas J Fallgatter, Ann-Christine Ehlis, Beatrix Barth, David Rosenbaum","doi":"10.3758/s13415-025-01305-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13415-025-01305-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Theta Burst Stimulation (TBS) offers a noninvasive way to modulate neural activation patterns, helping to explore the causal role of brain regions in psychiatric symptoms. Prefrontal hypoactivation is commonly observed in high ruminators and patients with depression during stress. However, the impact of modulating Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (DLPFC) activity via excitatory and inhibitory TBS during stress remains unexplored. We studied 88 healthy participants (44 low, 44 high ruminators), each attending two appointments that included stress induction using the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) and cortical oxygenation assessment with functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS). Participants received either intermittent TBS (iTBS) or continuous TBS (cTBS) applied to the left DLPFC, with sessions randomized between active and sham stimulation. While TBS had no impact on positive affect, TSST performance, or heart rate, we observed effects on stress, state rumination, negative affect, and cortical oxygenation. We observed higher stress and higher negative affect during and after the TSST in high ruminators receiving iTBS compared with sham TBS (sTBS). Low ruminators showed reduced state rumination increases after iTBS compared with sTBS at their second appointment. fNIRS data revealed cortical oxygenation differences during the TSST, although only without multiple comparison corrections. Descriptively, we observed higher activation in the left Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex (VLPFC) following cTBS compared with sTBS in high ruminators but lower cortical oxygenation following cTBS compared with sTBS in low ruminators but only when participants received active stimulation first. This suggests stimulation sequence affects repeated-measures TMS studies in stress contexts. Findings highlight expectancy effects and suggest a potential reduction in TBS impact due to strong hemodynamic responses during stress. HIGHLIGHTS: • High ruminators showed increased stress and negative affect after iTBS during the TSST. • Neural data showed increased cortical oxygenation in the left Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex (VLPFC) following cTBS to the left Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (DLPFC) in high ruminators. • In low ruminators, cTBS led to decreased activation, but only when active stimulation was administered first, highlighting the role of stimulation order in TBS outcomes. • Expectancy effects and habituation are important aspects to be considered in repeated measures designs involving TBS and stress-reactive rumination.</p>","PeriodicalId":50672,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144477730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}