Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Brain stimulation over dorsomedial prefrontal cortex causally affects metacognitive bias but not mentalising.","authors":"Rebekka S Mattes, Alexander Soutschek","doi":"10.3758/s13415-025-01277-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13415-025-01277-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite the importance of metacognition for everyday decision-making, its neural substrates are far from understood. Recent neuroimaging studies linked metacognitive processes to dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC), a region known to be involved in monitoring task difficulty. dmPFC is also thought to be involved in mentalising, consistent with theoretical accounts of metacognition as a self-directed subform of mentalising. However, it is unclear whether, and if so how, dmPFC causally affects metacognitive judgements, and whether this can be explained by a more general role of dmPFC for mentalising. To test this, participants performed two tasks targeting metacognition in perceptual decisions and mentalising whilst undergoing excitatory anodal versus sham dmPFC tDCS. dmPFC tDCS significantly decreased subjective confidence reports while leaving first-level performance in accuracy and reaction times unaffected, suggesting a causal contribution of dmPFC to representing metacognitive bias. Furthermore, we found no effect of dmPFC tDCS on neither metacognitive sensitivity and efficiency nor on mentalising, providing no evidence for an overlap between perceptual metacognition and mentalising in the dmPFC. Together, our findings highlight the dmPFC's causal role in metacognition by representing subjective confidence during evaluations of cognitive performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":50672,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143517053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Approach-avoidance conflict recruits lateral frontoparietal and cinguloinsular networks in a predator-prey game setting.","authors":"Yuqian Ni, Robert F Potter, Thomas W James","doi":"10.3758/s13415-025-01278-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13415-025-01278-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objects associated with both reward and threat produce approach-avoidance conflict (AAC). Although our day-to-day encounters with AAC objects are dynamic and interactive, the cognitive neuroscience literature on AAC is largely based on experiments that use static stimuli. Here, we used a dynamic, interactive, video-game environment to test neural substrates implicated in processing AAC in a more ecologically valid setting. While undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), subjects (N = 31) played a predator-prey video game, guiding an avatar through a maze containing six types of aversive or appetitive agents. Of the six agent types, two were \"non-AAC\" and either always healed or always harmed the player's avatar on contact. The other four were \"AAC,\" healing or harming the avatar probabilistically. Results revealed that imminence (inverse of distance) between a player's avatar and an environmental agent was a strong predictor of activation in three brain networks: the cinguloinsular (CI), dorsal frontoparietal (DFP), and occipitotemporal (OT). Additionally, two distinct temporal patterns of heightened activation with AAC agents emerged in two networks: the CI network responded with a transient spike of activation at trial onsets, followed by rapid decay, whereas the lateral frontoparietal (LFP) network showed sustained activation across the whole trial. We conclude that, in an interactive, dynamic setting, the roles of the CI and LFP networks appear to be complimentary, with the CI involved in distinguishing between AAC and non-AAC agents when they first appeared and the LFP involved in maintaining a behavioral mode related to the level of AAC.</p>","PeriodicalId":50672,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143517049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tell me why: the missing w in episodic memory's what, where, and when.","authors":"Fernanda Morales-Calva, Stephanie L Leal","doi":"10.3758/s13415-024-01234-4","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13415-024-01234-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endel Tulving defined episodic memory as consisting of a spatiotemporal context. It enables us to recollect personal experiences of people, things, places, and situations. In other words, it is made up of what, where, and when components. However, this definition does not include arguably the most important aspect of episodic memory: the why. Understanding why we remember has important implications to better understand how our memory system works and as a potential target of intervention for memory impairment. The intrinsic and extrinsic factors related to why some experiences are better remembered than others have been widely investigated but largely independently studied. How these factors interact with one another to drive an event to become a lasting memory is still unknown. This review summarizes research examining the why of episodic memory, where we aim to uncover the factors that drive core features of our memory. We discuss the concept of episodic memory examining the what, where, and when, and how the why is essential to each of these key components of episodic memory. Furthermore, we discuss the neural mechanisms known to support our rich episodic memories and how a why signal may provide critical modulatory impact on neural activity and communication. Finally, we discuss the individual differences that may further drive why we remember certain experiences over others. A better understanding of these elements, and how we experience memory in daily life, can elucidate why we remember what we remember, providing important insight into the overarching goal of our memory system.</p>","PeriodicalId":50672,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"6-24"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11805835/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142512342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of individual differences in cognitive reserve, stress, and busyness on episodic memory: an fMRI analysis of the Alabama Brain Study On Risk for Dementia.","authors":"Sara B Festini, Ian M McDonough","doi":"10.3758/s13415-024-01246-0","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13415-024-01246-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cognitive reserve (CR) and busyness can boost memory, whereas stress can impair memory. Nevertheless, extant research has not yet examined busyness in conjunction with CR and stress, nor whether CR or stress moderate the relationship between busyness and episodic memory. Middle-aged and older adult participants (N = 71; ages 50-74; 31% African-American) answered lifestyle questionnaires and completed a visual paired-associate memory fMRI task. Dimension reduction techniques identified two latent CR factors-personal CR (own education; occupation complexity; socioeconomic status) and parental education (mother's/father's education), and identified two latent stress factors-external stress (neighborhood stress/violence; financial strain) and personal stress (perceived stress; work/personal stress). We cast these latent factors into a series of regression models, revealing that (1) in isolation, higher busyness predicted better episodic memory, (2) higher external stress predicted worse memory, (3) both greater personal CR and greater parental education predicted better memory, (4) busyness did not interact with stress nor with CR, and (5) in a combined model, higher parental education and lower external stress were significant independent predictors. Neuroimaging data revealed that higher CR was associated with more efficient brain activity in the hippocampus and posterior cingulate during successful episodic memory retrieval, whereas higher personal stress was associated with heightened activity in the precuneus. No interactions or main effects of busyness were observed for the fMRI data. Thus, although busyness was associated with superior episodic memory, busyness did not modulate brain activity during episodic memory retrieval, nor did CR or stress moderate the relationship between busyness and associative memory.</p>","PeriodicalId":50672,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"63-88"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142866132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring individual differences in amygdala-mediated memory modulation.","authors":"Martina K Hollearn, Joseph R Manns, Lou T Blanpain, Stephan B Hamann, Kelly Bijanki, Robert E Gross, Daniel L Drane, Justin M Campbell, Krista L Wahlstrom, Griffin F Light, Aydin Tasevac, Phillip Demarest, Peter Brunner, Jon T Willie, Cory S Inman","doi":"10.3758/s13415-024-01250-4","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13415-024-01250-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Amygdala activation by emotional arousal during memory formation can prioritize events for long-term memory. Building upon our prior demonstration that brief electrical stimulation to the human amygdala reliably improved long-term recognition memory for images of neutral objects without eliciting an emotional response, our study aims to explore and describe individual differences and stimulation-related factors in amygdala-mediated memory modulation. Thirty-one patients undergoing intracranial monitoring for intractable epilepsy were shown neutral object images paired with direct amygdala stimulation during encoding with recognition memory tested immediately and one day later. Adding to our prior sample, we found an overall memory enhancement effect without subjective emotional arousal at the one-day delay, but not at the immediate delay, for previously stimulated objects compared to not stimulated objects. Importantly, we observed a larger variation in performance across this larger sample than our initial sample, including some participants who showed a memory impairment for stimulated objects. Of the explored individual differences, the factor that most accounted for variability in memory modulation was each participant's pre-operative memory performance. Worse memory performance on standardized neuropsychological tests was associated with a stronger susceptibility to memory modulation in a positive or negative direction. Sex differences and the frequency of interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) during testing also accounted for some variance in amygdala-mediated memory modulation. Given the potential and challenges of this memory modulation approach, we discuss additional individual and stimulation factors that we hope will differentiate between memory enhancement and impairment to further optimize the potential of amygdala-mediated memory enhancement for therapeutic interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":50672,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"188-209"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12239763/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142866129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of motivated emotion regulation on downstream memory for and affective responses to re-encountered stimuli.","authors":"Alyssa J Asmar, Kimberly S Chiew","doi":"10.3758/s13415-024-01248-y","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13415-024-01248-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Emotion regulation is integral to well-being and adaptive behavior. Differing regulation strategies have important downstream consequences. Evidence suggests that reappraisal use can improve memory and reduce emotional reactivity to previously regulated stimuli. Reappraisal is cognitively demanding and dependent on prefrontal-based cognitive control processes typically enhanced by motivation. We recently demonstrated that motivational incentives increased reappraisal use and decreased negative affect during emotion regulation. It is currently unknown how incentive manipulations of emotion regulation affect later memory and affective response: some accounts suggest that motivation boosts memory relatively automatically, via dopamine input to hippocampus, whereas others suggest that motivated memory might depend on control allocation at encoding. In a 2-day online study, we examined how motivated emotion regulation relates to downstream memory and affect. Participants completed an emotion regulation task under baseline and incentive conditions, with recognition memory and affect examined ~ 24-hours later. Surprisingly, for stimuli encountered under incentive, memory decreased, challenging the hypothesis that motivational enhancements of memory occur automatically. Additionally, Day 2 affect did not significantly differ for stimuli encountered in baseline and incentive contexts, suggesting that incentive-related affective benefits were short-lived. In contrast, reappraisal predicted increased memory and reduced negative affect upon reencounter. These results suggest that incentive may have promoted global, potentially automatic changes in affect, independent from regulatory control processes that also could lead to affective change. Further characterization of these multiple pathways will be important for advancing a mechanistic understanding of emotion regulation and its consequences across motivational contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":50672,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":"25 1","pages":"135-153"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143366653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of shared, depression-specific, and anxiety-specific internalizing symptoms on negative and neutral episodic memories following post-learning sleep.","authors":"Xinran Niu, Mia F Utayde, Kristin E G Sanders, Tony J Cunningham, Guangjian Zhang, Elizabeth A Kensinger, Jessica D Payne","doi":"10.3758/s13415-024-01209-5","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13415-024-01209-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Emotional memory bias is a common characteristic of internalizing symptomatology and is enhanced during sleep. The current study employs bifactor S-1 modeling to disentangle depression-specific anhedonia, anxiety-specific anxious arousal, and the common internalizing factor, general distress, and test whether these internalizing symptoms interact with sleep to influence memory for emotional and neutral information. Healthy adults (N = 281) encoded scenes featuring either negative objects (e.g., a vicious looking snake) or neutral objects (e.g., a chipmunk) placed on neutral backgrounds (e.g., an outdoor scene). After a 12-hour period of daytime wakefulness (n = 140) or nocturnal sleep (n = 141), participants judged whether objects and backgrounds were the same, similar, or new compared with what they viewed during encoding. Participants also completed the mini version of the Mood and Anxiety Symptom Questionnaire. Higher anxious arousal predicted worse memory across all stimuli features, but only after a day spent being awake-not following a night of sleep. No significant effects were found for general distress and anhedonia in either the sleep or wake condition. In this study, internalizing symptoms were not associated with enhanced emotional memory. Instead, memory performance specifically in individuals with higher anxious arousal was impaired overall, regardless of emotional valence, but this was only the case when the retention interval spanned wakefulness (i.e., not when it spanned sleep). This suggests that sleep may confer a protective effect on general memory impairments associated with anxiety.</p>","PeriodicalId":50672,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"114-134"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11805811/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141977115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction to the special issue on individual differences in memory modulation.","authors":"Stephanie L Leal, Jaclyn H Ford, Nancy A Dennis","doi":"10.3758/s13415-024-01255-z","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13415-024-01255-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50672,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142980528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How age and culture impact the neural correlates of memory retrieval.","authors":"Isu Cho, Krystal R Leger, Ioannis Valoumas, Ross W Mair, Joshua Oon Soo Goh, Angela Gutchess","doi":"10.3758/s13415-024-01245-1","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13415-024-01245-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Culture can shape memory, but little research has investigated age effects. The present study examined the neural correlates of memory retrieval for old, new, and similar lures in younger and older Americans and Taiwanese. A total of 207 participants encoded pictures of objects and, during fMRI scanning, completed a surprise object recognition task testing discrimination of similar and new from old items. Results show that age and culture impact discrimination of old from new items. Taiwanese performed worse than Americans, with age effects more pronounced for Taiwanese. The cultural differences in the engagement of left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG) in younger adults (i.e., greater activity for old [for Taiwanese] or new items [for Americans]) were eliminated with age. The results are interpreted as reflecting cultural differences in orientation to novelty versus familiarity for younger, but not older, adults, with the LIFG supporting interference resolution at retrieval. Support is not as strong for cultural differences in pattern separation processes. Although Americans had higher levels of memory discrimination than Taiwanese, neither cultural nor age differences were found in hippocampal activity, which is surprising given the region's role in pattern separation. The findings suggest ways in which cultural life experiences and concomitant information processing strategies can contribute to consistent effects of age across cultures or contribute to different trajectories with age in terms of memory.</p>","PeriodicalId":50672,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"45-62"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12066026/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142958475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nucleus reuniens: Modulating emotional overgeneralization in peri-adolescents with anxiety.","authors":"M Vanessa Rivera Núñez, Dana L McMakin, Aaron T Mattfeld","doi":"10.3758/s13415-024-01226-4","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13415-024-01226-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Anxiety affects 4.4-million children in the USA with an onset between childhood and adolescence, a period marked by neural changes that impact emotions and memory. Negative overgeneralization - or responding similarly to innocuous events that share features with past aversive experiences - is common in anxiety but remains mechanistically underspecified. The nucleus reuniens (RE) has been considered a crucial candidate in the modulation of memory specificity. Our study investigated its activation and functional connectivity with the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and hippocampus (HPC) as neurobiological mechanisms of negative overgeneralization in anxious youth.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>As part of a secondary data analysis, we examined data from 34 participants between 9 and 14 years of age (mean age ± SD, 11.4 ± 2.0 years; 16 females) with varying degrees of anxiety severity. During the Study session participants rated images as negative, neutral, and positive. After 12 h, participants returned for a Test session, where they performed a memory recognition test with repeated (targets) and similar (lures) images. Labeling negative relative to neutral lures as \"old\" (false alarms) was our operational definition of negative overgeneralization.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Negative relative to neutral false alarmed stimuli displayed elevated RE activation (at Study and Test) and increased functional connectivity with the Cornu Ammonis (CA) 1 (at Test). Elevated anxiety severity was associated with reductions in the RE-mPFC functional coupling for neutral relative to negative stimuli. Exploratory analyses revealed similar patterns in activation and functional connectivity with positive stimuli.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings demonstrate the importance of the RE in negative overgeneralization and anxiety.</p>","PeriodicalId":50672,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"173-187"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142401862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}