Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"The maintenance of attention over time influences the dynamics of EEG microstates.","authors":"Anthony P Zanesco, Abigail M Gross, Delanie J Spivey, Braxton M Stevenson, Lexi F Horn, Sophia R Zanelli","doi":"10.3758/s13415-026-01478-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13415-026-01478-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human attention is inherently transient and limited in span. Intrinsic fluctuations of large-scale neurocognitive networks are thought to contribute to the unavoidable lapses in attention that constrain its span. However, it remains unclear how the millisecond temporal dynamics of specific electrophysiological brain states contribute to the endogenous maintenance of attention or the onset of attentional lapses. In the present study, we investigated whether the strength and millisecond dynamics of brain electric microstates differentiate states of focus from inattention and contribute to the maintenance of attention. We recorded 128-channel EEG while participants maintained their attention during the wait time delay of trials in the Sustained Attention to Cue Task (SACT) and segmented the EEG into a categorized time series of microstates based on data-driven topographic clustering. The findings revealed that the prevalence and rate of occurrence of microstates C and E in the wait time delay of trials differentiated correct from incorrect target detections. Their time-varying dynamics also changed systematically during wait time delays and across the task session, implicating these microstates in the maintenance of attention over short and long timescales. Furthermore, microstate C co-occurred with the greatest attention-related modulations in alpha power and predominated within alpha oscillatory episodes, suggesting its neural generators are the primary contributors to established associations between the alpha frequency band and inattention. Together, these findings demonstrate the sensitivity of microstates to variation in attentional states and suggest that their millisecond dynamics contribute to the maintenance of attention over time.</p>","PeriodicalId":50672,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148632604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of mental health symptoms on relational memory performance.","authors":"Jessica V Zaffino, Malcolm A Binns, Jennifer D Ryan","doi":"10.3758/s13415-026-01475-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13415-026-01475-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Broad memory challenges arise for people with clinically diagnosed mental health disorders, in part due to changes in hippocampal structure and/or function. However, individuals with mental health symptoms often show memory impairments, even when symptoms do not reach the level of a formal clinical diagnosis. Building on this, the present study examined how mental health symptoms influence performance on two relational memory tasks known to be critically dependent on hippocampal function. Participants from across the adult lifespan completed a transverse patterning task for which they learned directional relations among abstract objects. In a separate experiment, participants completed a transitivity task in which they learned relations between pairs of objects and subsequently made inferences across those pairs. All participants completed the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-42). Results showed that individuals with greater symptoms of anxiety performed less accurately on both relational tasks, although this association was only marginal in the transitivity task. Greater symptoms of depression were associated with accuracy declines on both tasks, but only when greater stress levels accompanied depressive symptoms. In the transitivity task, additional interactions emerged between anxiety and both stress and depression, indicating that performance declines were exacerbated by co-occurring symptoms. Generally, older participants performed less accurately; however, in transitivity, these effects emerged primarily in those with accompanying stress and depression. These findings demonstrate that even subclinical levels of depression, anxiety, and stress are associated with memory impairments, suggesting that mental health may play a role in cognitive and brain health across the lifespan.</p>","PeriodicalId":50672,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148622436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The social life of Pavlovian learning.","authors":"Carmelo M Vicario, Michael Petrides, Francesco Tomaiuolo, Simona Massimino","doi":"10.3758/s13415-026-01481-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13415-026-01481-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article proposes that Pavlovian learning contributes to the formation and stabilization of social beliefs and collective commitments. We argue that associative processes linking reward and threat to social cues shape how beliefs acquire affective salience, motivational persistence, and resistance to revision. Within this framework, social cognition is conceptualized not as a purely inferential process, but as one constrained by affective learning mechanisms operating across distributed neural systems involved in reward, threat processing, and contextual regulation. Appetitive learning may promote affiliation and shared expectations, whereas threat-related learning may stabilize existing commitments by rendering alternative interpretations affectively aversive or psychologically unsafe. We further suggest that the integration of Pavlovian signals within expanded prefrontal networks allows associative learning processes to influence higher-order social representations, including norms, identities, and group affiliations. Reconsidering social cognition through the lens of associative learning may help bridge affective neuroscience, social neuroscience, and contemporary models of belief persistence and social behaviour.</p>","PeriodicalId":50672,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148609638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Error-related memory biases are specific to social stimuli for socially anxious individuals.","authors":"Kianoosh Hosseini, Aaron T Mattfeld, Jeremy W Pettit, George A Buzzell","doi":"10.3758/s13415-026-01476-4","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13415-026-01476-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Social anxiety (SA) is associated with enhanced error monitoring, yet underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Consistent with cognitive models of SA, we propose that stronger error monitoring contributes to SA by strengthening memory encoding of errors (including relevant social cues), negatively biasing what is remembered. Supporting this hypothesis, our prior work demonstrated that high SA individuals exhibit better memory for faces presented during error (vs. correct) trials. To test whether this Memory Bias for Error Events is specific to social stimuli, 140 participants completed a Flanker task with trial-unique faces (social) or objects (nonsocial) as background images, followed by a surprise memory test. Results revealed that higher SA symptoms were associated with enhanced memory for faces on error (vs. correct) trials, but not for objects. These findings replicate and extend our prior work, demonstrating that SA-related memory biases for errors are specific to social stimuli, rather than reflecting general encoding biases.</p>","PeriodicalId":50672,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148609672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How the brain represents a romantic partner: Dissociable roles of the nucleus accumbens and anterior insula.","authors":"Kenji Fujisaki, Ryuhei Ueda, Ryusuke Nakai, Nobuhito Abe","doi":"10.3758/s13415-026-01470-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13415-026-01470-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Humans form selective and enduring pair bonds with romantic partners, a principal feature of human sociality. Neuroimaging studies have shown that romantic partners are differentially represented from other individuals in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) and anterior insula (aINS) and that the specificity of partner representations in the NAcc diminishes as relationships mature. However, it remains unclear whether such differentiation reflects partner-specific coding or mere differences in familiarity with others and whether these regions play different roles in romantic bonding. To address these questions, we applied multiple regression representational similarity analysis to fMRI data from 51 heterosexual male participants in early romantic relationships. The data were acquired during a social incentive delay task, in which participants anticipated social approval from their female romantic partner, a female friend, or an unfamiliar female individual. This approach allowed us to dissociate partner-specific representations from familiarity-related effects in the NAcc and aINS. We found that both regions exhibited partner-specific representations that could not be explained by familiarity. Consistent with previous findings, partner specificity in the NAcc was negatively associated with relationship duration, indicating that partner-specific coding in this region is established early in romantic relationships and diminishes as relationships progress. Moreover, greater partner specificity in the aINS was associated with more frequent intrusive thoughts about the partner. Together, these findings demonstrate that romantic partners are represented in the NAcc and aINS in a qualitatively distinct manner from other individuals, and that these regions support dissociable aspects of romantic bonding.</p>","PeriodicalId":50672,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148354421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of sleep in strengthening face learning and memory consolidation: A systematic review.","authors":"Han Ke, Kai Yuan, Katie Liu","doi":"10.3758/s13415-026-01472-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13415-026-01472-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sleep plays a crucial role in memory consolidation, particularly for complex, hippocampal-dependent tasks, such as associating faces with names. While numerous studies have examined the impact of sleep on memory, the specific effects on episodic face recognition, perceptual face processing, and the underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Thus study was designed to systematically evaluate the role of sleep in face recognition memory, learning, and consolidation in humans.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search of PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science identified English-language, peer-reviewed studies published up to February 5, 2026. The authors independently screened articles, extracted data, and cross-verified results. The review adhered to PRISMA guidelines to maintain methodological rigor and transparency.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Across 19 included studies, overnight sleep, post-learning sleep, and targeted naps showed the strongest benefits for face-related learning and memory, particularly in associative and hippocampal-dependent tasks, such as face-name and face-face memory. Slow-wave sleep/N3 and targeted memory reactivation were associated with improved cued face-name recall, while REM sleep and sleep spindles appeared to contribute to implicit face priming, emotional face memory, and adaptive face-learning processes. Sleep deprivation and sleep restriction generally impaired face-memory performance, particularly when tasks required episodic retrieval, associative binding, emotional discrimination, or sustained cognitive control. In contrast, simpler face-recognition or familiarity-based tasks showed weaker and less consistent sleep-related effects, often suggesting protection against forgetting or interference rather than robust memory enhancement.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Sleep mainly benefits face learning when tasks require binding, episodic retrieval, emotional processing, or consolidation, while simple familiarity recognition shows weaker effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":50672,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148363878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When attention falters: Brain, breathing, and behavioral signals of lapses in interoceptive attention.","authors":"Isaac N Treves, Clare Shaffer, Alexandra L Decker, Nigel Jaffe, Anna O Tierney, Randy P Auerbach, Christian A Webb","doi":"10.3758/s13415-026-01467-5","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13415-026-01467-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mind‑body practices, such as meditation and yoga, involve paying attention to breathing sensations. During these practices, individuals report \"interoceptive lapses,\" moments when attention drifts away from internal bodily sensations. While lapses in attention to the external world have been widely studied, little is known about the physiological and neural mechanisms of interoceptive lapses. Interoceptive lapses may share markers with exteroceptive lapses-such as reaction time variability and default-mode network (DMN) connectivity-but may also depend on distinct brain systems and breathing physiology. We examined behavioral, physiological, and neural signals preceding lapses in a sample of 93 adolescents enriched for GAD and depression symptoms. Participants performed a 20-min breath counting task in the fMRI scanner with simultaneous breath recordings. Lapses were defined as moments when counting errors occurred. The sample was split into training and validation sets to test machine learning models predicting attentional lapses. The strongest predictors were timing and variability of button responses (AUCs > 0.75). Breathing variability and breathing-behavior synchronization showed smaller but generalizable predictive value (AUCs < 0.65). Whole-brain connectivity models also predicted lapses (AUC ≈ 0.65), incorporating the DMN, dorsal and ventral attention, and somatomotor networks. Furthermore, models that included brain connectivity marginally outperformed behavior-only models. Comparisons to previous exteroceptive findings indicate some common markers (e.g., reaction time variability) and some unique markers (e.g., selective perceptual coupling with attentional networks). Although limited by the clinical sample and lack of a control task, these results highlight brain-body markers of interoceptive attention that may inform real-time monitoring during mind-body interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":50672,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148303914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fronto-Parietal EEG asymmetry interactions predict negative attention bias: A secondary data analysis.","authors":"Hallvard Solbø Hagen, Sandra Klonteig, Jan Ivar Røssberg, Rune Jonassen, Nils Inge Landrø, Ragnhild Bø","doi":"10.3758/s13415-026-01466-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13415-026-01466-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Attention bias (AB), the excessive attentional selection of certain stimuli over others, is found in individuals suffering from depression. Similarly, alpha asymmetries, the lateralization of inhibitory cortical activity in the EEG alpha band (8-13 Hz) have been linked to depression and motivational direction. By contrasting novel and more reliable AB metrics against alpha asymmetries in an exploratory data analysis, we aimed to examine whether hemispheric differences are associated with AB scores, which could in turn refine the current model of AB metrics. Fifty nonclinical females, aged 18-30 years with minimal-to-moderate depressive symptoms were included. The participants performed two sessions of the dot-probe task, measuring AB, consisting of 160 trials each. Primary and ratio AB scores were calculated by using the novel response-based calculations. Furthermore, resting-state 32-channel EEG was measured for 2.5 min. Alpha asymmetry scores were calculated for frontal (F3/F4, F7/F8) and parietal electrode pairs (P3/P4, P7/P8). Correlations and interactions were analyzed. The primary AB scores were positively associated with frontal asymmetries, whereas parietal asymmetries showed negative associations. The ratio AB scores also showed regional differences. Parietal asymmetries interacted significantly with frontal asymmetries and AB. There was a moderate positive correlation between the BDI-II scores and the bias ratio. Our results suggest that alpha asymmetries contribute to individual differences in attention bias, with frontoparietal asymmetry interactions playing a notable role. These findings highlight hemispheric asymmetries as important to consider in future models of attention bias. Nonetheless, the associations are preliminary and call for replication.</p>","PeriodicalId":50672,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148279634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anxiety, stress, and affective modulation on object-location memory: A systematic review in virtual environments.","authors":"Lucía Solares, Sara García-Navarra, Marta Mendez, Magdalena Mendez-Lopez","doi":"10.3758/s13415-026-01463-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13415-026-01463-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Object-location memory (OLM) is the ability to encode and retrieve spatial relationships between objects by using egocentric or allocentric reference frames. Critically, OLM is modulated by emotional memory systems that engage amygdala-hippocampal and arousal-related mechanisms that can bias or disrupt spatial encoding. Despite evidence that emotion shapes memory, its specific impact on OLM remains unclear, particularly in digital contexts. This systematic review examined how emotional valence, particularly stress and anxiety, modulates OLM performance in computer-based and virtual/augmented reality tasks. Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search was conducted in Web of Science, Scopus, PsycInfo, and PubMed. Twelve empirical studies published up to 2025 met the inclusion criteria. Results revealed sex-specific effects: anxious women tended to rely on egocentric strategies, whereas stressed men showed greater allocentric flexibility. The timing of stress exposure was critical, often disrupting encoding but occasionally facilitating retrieval. Emotional valence differentially influenced performance: positive stimuli enhanced spatial accuracy, whereas negative stimuli accelerated response times. Spatial working memory (SWM) and mental rotation emerged as key cognitive resources supporting flexible spatial learning, while physiological stress markers showed only weak associations with behavioral outcomes. Future research should standardize paradigms, explore digital and immersive environments, include diverse populations, and clarify theoretical distinctions among arousal, valence, anxiety, and stress to better understand how emotional states shape spatial memory.</p>","PeriodicalId":50672,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148220854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dissociable impacts of perceived race and ascribed status in event-related brain potentials and multivariate network activity.","authors":"Samuel A Venezia, Eric D Splan, Samwell Cleary, Jasmin Cloutier, Jennifer T Kubota","doi":"10.3758/s13415-026-01401-9","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13415-026-01401-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Humans rapidly and efficiently categorize others with limited information, forming split-second impressions. Prior EEG person perception research has often focused on social categories derived from perceptual cues. However, impressions are frequently based on knowledge of someone. Little research has examined how person knowledge (or the interaction between perceptual category cues and person knowledge) influences the temporal unfolding of person perception, thereby missing a common experience of everyday encounters in which individuals have access to both. Using EEG, this study (n = 29) examined evoked event-related brain potentials (ERPs) and functional neural network responses previously associated with changes in attention and evaluation when perceivers categorized faces based on perceived race (i.e., Black or White) or ascribed socioeconomic status (i.e., high or low). Our findings indicate dissociations between ERPs and functional network dynamics during impression formation. Specifically, in immediate response to a face, perceived race shaped ERPs often associated with attention (P200) and motivation/evaluation (P300). However, ascribed status influenced coordination of the neural networks underlying attention/executive functions and social cognition/evaluation throughout the categorization task, suggesting that participants attended to and evaluated status in a sustained manner. Therefore, while race perception influenced ERPs, status did not. This was the opposite for the network analyses. These findings indicate that perceptual information (perceived race) and person knowledge (ascribed status) can influence impression formation in distinct ways: one in an immediate, evoked manner, and the other through the sustained coordination of functional networks.</p>","PeriodicalId":50672,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1194-1221"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13260144/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146127456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}