Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience最新文献_第2页

The influence of effort expenditure on the neurophysiological substrates of reward processing in early adolescence. 努力支出对青少年早期奖赏加工神经生理基础的影响。

IF 3.6 3区医学

Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience Pub Date : 2026-10-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-16 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-026-01469-3

Jaron X Y Tan, Pan Liu

{"title":"The influence of effort expenditure on the neurophysiological substrates of reward processing in early adolescence.","authors":"Jaron X Y Tan, Pan Liu","doi":"10.3758/s13415-026-01469-3","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13415-026-01469-3","url":null,"abstract":"Reward and motivation are two processes that drive goal-directed behaviors and are closely linked to the development of psychopathology. One behavioral measure of motivation is effort expenditure-the amount of effort exerted to attain a desirable outcome. In adults, higher effort expenditure has been associated with heightened neural responses to reward cues but diminished responses to reward anticipation and feedback. However, it is unclear whether similar patterns exist in early adolescence, a critical period for the development of reward- and motivation-related processes. Applying event-related potentials to a novel Effort-Doors task, we explored the effort-reward relationship in a community sample of 92 10-to-13-year-olds (53 females, mean/SD of age = 12.06/1.2 years). Behaviorally, youths were slower to respond in high-effort trials; they were also more likely to switch their choices following higher effort and reward losses in previous trials. At the neural level, greater effort expenditure increased youths' attention to reward cues (indexed by a larger cue-P3) and decreased the overall value associated with the reward trial (indexed by a smaller RewP). Effort did not influence feedback-elicited P3 or the late positive potential (LPP). Our work provided important preliminary evidence on the distinct effects of effort on different stages of reward processing in early adolescents. Future work is needed to better understand the underlying mechanisms of effort-based reward processes, their development across adolescence, and how they relate to behavior.","PeriodicalId":50672,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"2004-2017"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148266901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Understanding loss aversion by using tDCS stimulation on DLPFC and multiple ERP measures: A tDCS-EEG study. 通过tDCS刺激DLPFC和多重ERP测量理解损失厌恶：一项tDCS- eeg研究。

IF 3.6 3区医学

Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience Pub Date : 2026-10-01 Epub Date: 2026-05-06 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-026-01448-8

Jia Jin, Lu Dai, Zhongfeng Wang, Qin Xiao, Ailian Wang

{"title":"Understanding loss aversion by using tDCS stimulation on DLPFC and multiple ERP measures: A tDCS-EEG study.","authors":"Jia Jin, Lu Dai, Zhongfeng Wang, Qin Xiao, Ailian Wang","doi":"10.3758/s13415-026-01448-8","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13415-026-01448-8","url":null,"abstract":"Loss aversion is a crucial aspect of risky decision-making; yet its neural underpinnings remain unclear, particularly regarding the functional relationship between neural activity and behavior. This study employed bihemispheric DLPFC transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and electroencephalogram (EEG) to deeply understand the neural mechanism of loss aversion from three aspects: 1) functional relationship of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) on loss aversion; 2) comprehensive neural basis of loss aversion; 3) neural evidence of functional effect of DLPFC on loss aversion. Twenty-five healthy subjects underwent three stimulations, i.e., right anodal/left cathodal (right stimulation), left anodal/right cathodal (left stimulation), and sham stimulation targeted bilateral DLPFC on separate days with 7- to 14-day intervals. Participants performed a mixed gamble task poststimulation while EEG was recorded. Behaviorally, right stimulation reduced acceptance rate and increased loss aversion coefficients compared with sham and left stimulation. Moreover, both average and single-trial ERP analysis revealed enhanced feedback-related negativity difference (d-FRN) deflections following right stimulation, whereas no significant error-related negativity (ERN) effect was found. These findings suggested that right DLPFC is a key region driving loss aversion by increasing sensitivity to losses and modulating negative emotional responses.","PeriodicalId":50672,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"2191-2204"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147845676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The role of social norms, empathy, and religiosity in assisted dying decisions: an fMRI study. 社会规范、同理心和宗教信仰在辅助临终决定中的作用：一项功能磁共振成像研究。

IF 3.6 3区医学

Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience Pub Date : 2026-10-01 Epub Date: 2026-05-06 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-026-01452-y

Jie Chen, Michael S Cohen, Winnifred Louis, Jean Decety, Emma F Thomas, Monique Crane, Catherine Amiot, Susilo Wibisono, Pascal Molenberghs

{"title":"The role of social norms, empathy, and religiosity in assisted dying decisions: an fMRI study.","authors":"Jie Chen, Michael S Cohen, Winnifred Louis, Jean Decety, Emma F Thomas, Monique Crane, Catherine Amiot, Susilo Wibisono, Pascal Molenberghs","doi":"10.3758/s13415-026-01452-y","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13415-026-01452-y","url":null,"abstract":"Medical assistance in dying (MAiD) is gaining legal and social acceptance; yet it remains ethically controversial and challenging for healthcare professionals. This functional MRI study examines how social norms and empathy influence MAiD decisions in 59 Australian medical students while evaluating hypothetical assisted-dying scenarios. Participants' decisions generally aligned with the legal framework. MAiD was approved when eligibility criteria were met (normative cases) and denied when they were not (nonnormative cases). Nonnormative scenarios elicited greater activation in frontoparietal brain regions involved in response selection and inhibition, consistent with increased decision difficulty. These scenarios elicited heightened activity in the precuneus, temporoparietal junction, and angular gyrus, along with stronger functional connectivity between the anterior hippocampus and the precuneus, suggesting greater reliance on memory retrieval and mentalizing. Normative scenarios were associated with increased amygdala activity, particularly among less religious participants, suggesting a role for negative affective salience. Greater activity in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and connectivity between the anterior cingulate cortex and this region, suggest positive feelings related to compassion when a clinician can legally approve an assisted dying request. Normative scenarios were also associated with reduced connectivity between the anterior cingulate cortex and the anterior insula, particularly in those with higher trait affective empathy, suggesting that doctors might feel a reduction in their patients' pain. The findings provide the first empirical evidence of the neural mechanisms underlying decision-making in bioethical cases involving death as the outcome, highlighting distinct contributions and potential risk factors for medical practitioners in normative and nonnormative MAiD clinical situations.","PeriodicalId":50672,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"2261-2281"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147845726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Neuropsychiatric symptoms and their impact on cognitive functioning in patients with parkinson's disease: A systematic review of the literature. 神经精神症状及其对帕金森病患者认知功能的影响：文献系统综述

IF 3.6 3区医学

Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience Pub Date : 2026-10-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-26 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-026-01424-2

Barbara Blasutto, Giulia Matrone, Byron Creese, Francesco Fattapposta, Maria Casagrande

{"title":"Neuropsychiatric symptoms and their impact on cognitive functioning in patients with parkinson's disease: A systematic review of the literature.","authors":"Barbara Blasutto, Giulia Matrone, Byron Creese, Francesco Fattapposta, Maria Casagrande","doi":"10.3758/s13415-026-01424-2","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13415-026-01424-2","url":null,"abstract":"Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disorder that affects the dopaminergic system and is characterized by motor and nonmotor symptoms, which affect the quality of life. Among these, neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS), such as depression, hallucinations, and apathy, are common and can accelerate cognitive decline. Although the association between some specific NPS (e.g., apathy) and cognitive functions has been investigated, no review has systematically examined the relationship between the whole of NPS and cognitive functions in PD patients without dementia. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between NPS taken together and cognitive impairment in patients with PD. According to the PRISMA-Statement, this systematic review critically examined the difference in cognitive performance between patients diagnosed with idiopathic PD with and without NPS. Results were classified according to the cognitive domain evaluated. Eleven studies met the eligibility criteria. The results showed that PD patients with NPS showed impaired performance on cognitive tasks compared with those without NPS, as well as in longitudinal studies. These results were also confirmed when the different domains were considered separately. Despite the limited number of included studies, the importance of assessing NPS in their totality rather than individual behavioral symptoms emerges. Clinical manifestations may vary among individuals and across different stages of the disease. Therefore, assessing the presence of these symptoms and the timing of their onset would be appropriate and may give the clinician important insights into the possible course and management of the disease.","PeriodicalId":50672,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1928-1944"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13615131/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147522721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A systematic review on dysconnectivity in face and emotion processing networks in schizophrenia. 精神分裂症患者面部和情绪处理网络连通性障碍的系统综述。

IF 3.6 3区医学

Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience Pub Date : 2026-10-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-24 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-025-01391-0

Amritha Harikumar, Junqiang Dai, Elaine F Walker, Vince D Calhoun

{"title":"A systematic review on dysconnectivity in face and emotion processing networks in schizophrenia.","authors":"Amritha Harikumar, Junqiang Dai, Elaine F Walker, Vince D Calhoun","doi":"10.3758/s13415-025-01391-0","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13415-025-01391-0","url":null,"abstract":"Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder that affects approximately 20 million people worldwide. Patients show face-processing deficits that significantly affect their social interactions and social cognitive abilities (e.g., recognizing human faces). Although face processing has been extensively studied by using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), there have been very few systematic reviews investigating links between social-cognitive dysfunction, face processing networks, and clinical symptoms associated with key large-scale brain networks, such as the triple networks. We review brain networks, their dysconnectivity across patient subtypes, and relationships to clinical symptoms. Reviewed studies from 2020-2025 were 1) written in English, 2) focused on face and/or emotion processing in schizophrenia (not limited to first episode psychosis [FEP]), and 3) were resting or task-based fMRI studies investigating neural networks subserving face/emotion processing. PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were utilized. Nine articles were reviewed. Resting-state studies and task-based fMRI studies showed elevated Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) positive scores in FEP patients coupled with social cognition deficits. Dysconnectivity was most consistently observed in the executive function network, the ToM /mentalizing network, the default mode network, limbic regions, and the visual-perceptual systems. Subtype dysconnectivity patterns included broad deficits in social cognition, empathy, emotion processing and face/emotion recognition. Social-cognitive deficits broadly stem from challenges in recognizing and processing negative emotional faces. Factors, such as trauma, suicidality, and inflammation, should be further examined, along with subtype presentations.","PeriodicalId":50672,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1913-1927"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147277633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Orbitofrontal cortex and amygdala as key regions for the classification of small animal phobia: A structural MRI machine learning study. 眼窝额叶皮层和杏仁核是小动物恐惧症分类的关键区域：结构MRI机器学习研究。

IF 3.6 3区医学

Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience Pub Date : 2026-10-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-01 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-026-01459-5

Alessandro Grecucci, Alessandro Scarano, Ascensión Fumero, Luca Sarzi Maddidini, Enrico Ruà, Francisco Rivero, Rosario J Marrero, Teresa Olivares, Yolanda Álvarez-Pérez, Wenceslao Peñate

{"title":"Orbitofrontal cortex and amygdala as key regions for the classification of small animal phobia: A structural MRI machine learning study.","authors":"Alessandro Grecucci, Alessandro Scarano, Ascensión Fumero, Luca Sarzi Maddidini, Enrico Ruà, Francisco Rivero, Rosario J Marrero, Teresa Olivares, Yolanda Álvarez-Pérez, Wenceslao Peñate","doi":"10.3758/s13415-026-01459-5","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13415-026-01459-5","url":null,"abstract":"Small animal phobia (SAP) is an anxiety disorder characterized by an intense fear triggered by small animals. Existing studies on SAP have primarily used univariate analyses and small, unbalanced samples, leading to inconsistent findings. Many brain structures have been proposed as potential candidates for encoding SAP, including the amygdala, the orbitofrontal cortex, the insula, the cingulate gyrus, the hippocampus, the precuneus, and the putamen. However, no previous study has systematically compared the predictive role of each of these regions to determine which one provides the most accurate classification of individuals with SAP. To address this question, we tested the predictive power of these brain regions associated with SAP. Structural MRI images of 32 individuals with SAP and 90 matched healthy controls were analyzed by using multiple Binary Support Vector Machines (BSVM). Our results showed that the most critical regions for classifying SAP, in order of significance, were the orbitofrontal cortex (balanced accuracy = 80.83%), the amygdala (76.15%), the insula (71.35%), and the posterior cingulate (71.25%). However, only the orbitofrontal cortex and the amygdala consistently exceeded chance levels across all additional parameters considered (precision, specificity, sensitivity, and F1-score). In conclusion, this study enhances the understanding of the neural basis of small animal phobia, suggesting new research directions and diagnostic strategies using advanced machine learning methods applied to neuroimaging data. Clinical implications are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":50672,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"2282-2296"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13615132/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148145394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Motivation to exert effort dynamically adapts to reward context and environmental controllability. 付出努力的动机动态地适应于奖励情境和环境的可控性。

IF 3.6 3区医学

Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience Pub Date : 2026-10-01 Epub Date: 2026-08-31 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-026-01484-4

Bingjie Li, Tim Vriens, Yibei Liu, Mingqian Guo, Karin Roelofs, Eliana Vassena

{"title":"Motivation to exert effort dynamically adapts to reward context and environmental controllability.","authors":"Bingjie Li, Tim Vriens, Yibei Liu, Mingqian Guo, Karin Roelofs, Eliana Vassena","doi":"10.3758/s13415-026-01484-4","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13415-026-01484-4","url":null,"abstract":"Working hard to pursue our dreams should get us there sooner or later. However, no matter how hard we try, sometimes, things are simply beyond our control, and our efforts may even be detrimental. Swiftly adapting our efforts to the controllability of the environment is a critical skill that is impaired in many neuropsychiatric disorders. Yet, how exactly we calibrate our efforts to the controllability and the richness of the environment (i.e., the overall amount of reward available in the current context) remains largely unexplored. We developed the novel Controllability and Mental Effort Task (CoMET) to investigate how varying controllability and reward context impact the motivation to exert effort for reward (n = 61). Importantly, we tested the impact of controllability while controlling for average reward rate. As hypothesized, participants were more willing to exert effort in controllable environments than in uncontrollable ones and adjusted their decisions to exert effort dynamically as a function of varying controllability. Their willingness to exert effort was also sensitive to the reward context: in reward-poor contexts, participants engaged in more effort when the momentary reward was high. Drift Diffusion modeling of decisions to exert effort showed that controllability, high momentary reward, and low effort enhanced the value integration process with increased drift rates, and controllability specifically increased decision threshold. Interestingly, individuals with higher subclinical depression traits were more sensitive to controllability, showing diminished motivation, particularly in an uncontrollable high-reward context. Taken together, these results indicate that people dynamically track multiple environmental features and integrate them into their effort allocation strategies.","PeriodicalId":50672,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1983-2003"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13615067/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148867839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Parental brain responses to own and unknown children's emotional facial expressions: An fMRI study. 父母对自己和不认识的孩子情绪面部表情的大脑反应：一项功能磁共振成像研究。

IF 3.6 3区医学

Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience Pub Date : 2026-10-01 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-026-01496-0

Katrin Preckel, Angelika Johanna Bracher, Lara Mc Puhlmann, Georg von Polier, Lars O White, Pascal Vrticka

{"title":"Parental brain responses to own and unknown children's emotional facial expressions: An fMRI study.","authors":"Katrin Preckel, Angelika Johanna Bracher, Lara Mc Puhlmann, Georg von Polier, Lars O White, Pascal Vrticka","doi":"10.3758/s13415-026-01496-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13415-026-01496-0","url":null,"abstract":"The parent-child relationship is crucial for children's socio-emotional development. Previous research, mostly in mothers of infants, has implicated neural networks subserving reward, saliency, and theory of mind (ToM). In this preregistered study, we sought to extend these findings to fathers and older children by examining maternal and paternal brain responses to preschool-aged children's emotional faces. Our investigation included 89 parents (41 mothers, 48 fathers) and their children (44 daughters, 45 sons). We examined the effects of children's facial identity (own, unknown) and emotion (happy, neutral, sad) on parental neural activity and tested for associations with parental and child biological sex as well as parental involvement and sensitivity. Whole-brain analyses revealed differential neural activation within saliency and ToM networks related to children's identity (own > unknown), and in the postcentral gyrus related to both children's emotion (own sad > own happy) and biological sex. Notably, mothers' and fathers' neural responses were comparable. Subsequent ROI analyses, however, revealed a distinct parent by child biological sex interaction, because fathers showed less ventromedial prefrontal cortex recruitment to daughters' happy faces with increasing parental sensitivity. Taken together, this study advances our understanding of the neural underpinnings of parents', and specifically fathers' emotional child face processing.","PeriodicalId":50672,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149117945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Beyond vigilance: A dual-process perspective on visual sustained attention. 超越警戒：视觉持续注意的双过程视角。

IF 3.6 3区医学

Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience Pub Date : 2026-10-01 Epub Date: 2026-05-28 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-026-01458-6

Giovanna C Del Sordo, Megan H Papesh, Mayte Alonso Carrillo, Michael C Hout

{"title":"Beyond vigilance: A dual-process perspective on visual sustained attention.","authors":"Giovanna C Del Sordo, Megan H Papesh, Mayte Alonso Carrillo, Michael C Hout","doi":"10.3758/s13415-026-01458-6","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13415-026-01458-6","url":null,"abstract":"Sustained attention is often treated as a single, uniform construct, largely interchangeable with vigilance. We propose that sustained attention instead comprises two distinct yet complementary modes of engagement: an active mode, characterized by the need to process continuously changing task information, and a passive mode, defined by monitoring readiness under uncertainty. To test this hypothesis, participants completed two versions of a Multiple Object Tracking (MOT) task. In the Active-MOT (A-MOT), participants continuously tracked moving targets, and in the Passive-MOT (P-MOT), they relied on sustained monitoring until target identities were revealed (unpredictably) late in each trial. Behavioral performance and pupil diameter were recorded as proxies for engagement dynamics and arousal regulation, revealing clear dissociations between the two tasks. Behaviorally, the A-MOT was characterized by lower accuracy and greater sensitivity to task difficulty than P-MOT. These differences were likely driven by attentional engagement: Whereas the A-MOT was accompanied by sustained, load-dependent pupil dilation reflecting continuous cognitive effort, P-MOT yielded smaller phasic pupils punctuated by transient, load-modulated dilations at target assignment, signatures of reactive, event-driven engagement. Pretrial pupil size was larger in P-MOT, indicating heightened anticipatory arousal under uncertainty, but it predicted performance only in A-MOT, suggesting distinct preparatory engagement states. Together, these findings demonstrate that sustained attention operates through two separable modes governed by distinct arousal-control dynamics. Recognizing this dual-mode architecture reframes sustained attention not as a singular capacity to remain alert but as the flexible coordination of processing evolving task information and monitoring readiness across time and context.","PeriodicalId":50672,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"2078-2094"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148058195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Has stopping stopped making sense? Disentangling the processes elicited by complex action cancellation paradigms. 停止已经没有意义了吗？解开复杂动作抵消范式引发的过程。

IF 3.6 3区医学

Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience Pub Date : 2026-10-01 Epub Date: 2026-04-09 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-026-01440-2

Simon Weber, Sarah A Kemp, Mark R Hinder

{"title":"Has stopping stopped making sense? Disentangling the processes elicited by complex action cancellation paradigms.","authors":"Simon Weber, Sarah A Kemp, Mark R Hinder","doi":"10.3758/s13415-026-01440-2","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13415-026-01440-2","url":null,"abstract":"Action cancellation represents a fundamental aspect of human motor control. Nonetheless, the behavioural paradigms used to study it are methodologically diverse and capture an incompletely understood combination of processes. Advancing theoretical accounts of action cancellation have motivated increasingly complicated experimental designs, leading some authors to draw comparisons between \"simple\" and \"complex\" stopping tasks. The latter describes a mix of paradigms, which variably require increased working memory demands, stimulus discrimination, distractor interference, or more complex stimulus-response mappings. This narrative review provides an accessible explanation of commonly implemented complex stopping tasks, selected based on their relevance to current theoretical debates. Throughout, we describe the challenges associated with interpreting performance in these tasks and highlight future directions for research. Notably, much of the past work using these tasks has applied traditional methods of indexing the speed of stopping, which were developed specifically for simple stopping tasks, and do not generalise well beyond this context. Recent research using cognitive modelling and physiological approaches has failed to replicate earlier findings, raising fundamental questions regarding how action cancellation should be indexed. Furthermore, physiological observations in complex stopping tasks appear to be incompatible with current accounts of the neurological mechanisms that underpin action cancellation. We propose potential ways forward, highlighting how the current lack of well-controlled comparisons between task types means the literature risks extensive task-specific findings that fail to generalise between laboratories, and-critically-beyond the laboratory.","PeriodicalId":50672,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1945-1961"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13615106/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147647197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0