Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Mindful minds: How group identity shapes brain and behavior in social decision-making.","authors":"Maartje M A Overhaus, Mariët van Buuren, Paul A M van Lange, Lydia Krabbendam","doi":"10.3758/s13415-026-01425-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13415-026-01425-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Social mindfulness is a form of prosocial behavior that requires limited effort and considers other's needs and desires. But does this consideration persist when the other person supports opposing political ideologies? Using the social mindfulness (SoMi) paradigm with 45 adults holding strong pro- or anti-refugee stances, the current functional magnetic resonance imaging study investigates how group identity influences socially mindful behavior and its neural underpinnings. Consistent with prior research, individuals were more socially mindful toward ingroup members than toward outgroup members or unclassified others. This behavior engaged regions associated with mentalizing, decision-making and reward processing, including the temporoparietal junction, dorsal medial prefrontal cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, middle temporal gyrus, and orbitofrontal cortex. No neural differences emerged during socially mindful decision-making between ingroup and outgroup members or ingroup members and unclassified others. Interestingly, socially mindful decision-making for outgroup members, compared with ingroup members, elicited heightened activation in the right anterior insula, possibly reflecting the social and emotional significance of outgroup interactions resulting from experienced norm violation. Additionally, such decisions for outgroup members, as opposed to unclassified others, were associated with increased activation in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC). Given the dACC's role in cognitive control during complex decision-making, this finding suggests that individuals exerted more effort to align their behavior with prosocial norms, even when these conflicted with self-interest. Overall, this study highlights how shared group identity shapes social mindfulness, reflecting both the emotional processing of outgroup interactions and the mental effort required to maintain prosocial norms in intergroup contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":50672,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147718898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neural correlates of social cognition in stroke and traumatic brain injury: A systematic review.","authors":"Nicola Davide Cavallo, Chiara Giacobbe, Chiara Baiano, Paola Maietta, Luigi Trojano, Pasquale Moretta, Laura Marcuccio, Fabrizio Esposito, Gabriella Santangelo","doi":"10.3758/s13415-026-01438-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13415-026-01438-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Social cognition (SC) encompasses the cognitive and affective processes underlying social interaction. Deficits in SC are common after acquired brain injury (ABI), including stroke and traumatic brain injury, and can profoundly affect social and functional outcomes. Following PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO: CRD42024528643), a systematic search was conducted for peer-reviewed behavioural and neuroimaging studies examining SC in ABI. Forty-three studies meeting predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria were reviewed, covering four main SC domains: emotion recognition; Theory of Mind; perspective taking; and empathy. Both stroke and traumatic brain injury populations showed consistent alteration across all SC domains. Neuroimaging findings revealed partially convergent neural correlates, with the insula, cingulate cortex, and middle frontal gyrus frequently implicated across domains, alongside the corpus callosum supporting interhemispheric integration. These convergences suggest that SC relies on distributed but interconnected neural systems rather than on isolated regions. Findings demonstrate pervasive SC alteration following ABI and emphasise the clinical importance of comprehensive, domain-specific assessment and targeted rehabilitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":50672,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147718842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Empathy for pain persists across live two-way video interactions and viewing of prerecorded videos.","authors":"Jannik Heimann, Pauline Petereit, Anat Perry, Ulrike M Krämer","doi":"10.3758/s13415-026-01442-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13415-026-01442-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The impact of digitally mediated social interaction on understanding others and sharing their emotions has not been thoroughly investigated. We examined how live, video-mediated interaction, as opposed to watching a prerecorded video, affects behavioral, neural, and physiological aspects of empathy for pain. Thirty-five observers watched targets undergoing painful electric stimulation in an electroencephalogram study. We hypothesized that reduced temporal presence, the immediacy or delay with which information is transferred during social interactions, would result in diminished behavioral and electrophysiological empathic responses. However, observer's behavioral empathic responses were not diminished with reduced temporal presence. On a neural level, midfrontal theta was sensitive to the other's pain intensity, and we observed significant physiological coupling between participants. Conversely, Mu suppression was not modulated by pain intensity. Importantly, neural and physiological indices of empathy were independent of temporal presence. However, exploratory analyses indicated a latency effect of temporal presence on pain-related theta activity with an earlier theta increase in interactions with high temporal presence. The results suggest that the temporal presence of individuals may not be necessary for empathy towards another's pain. Future studies may investigate more naturalistic social interactions and include motivational aspects of empathy. We discuss implications of these findings for debates on social presence and on second-person neuroscience.</p>","PeriodicalId":50672,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147693376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social exclusion enhances the processing of emotional crowd faces: Evidence from ERPs.","authors":"Peiyao Geng, Ping Li, Nan Zhang, Wenbo Luo, Weiqi He","doi":"10.3758/s13415-026-01441-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13415-026-01441-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Social exclusion, a negative emotional experience triggered by interpersonal rejection, has detrimental effects on both social interactions and mental health. While our previous transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) study provided causal evidence indicating that social exclusion significantly impacts the perception of crowd facial expressions, the neural correlates underlying this effect across distinct event-related potential (ERP) components remain poorly understood. To address this issue, the present study used ERPs to extend our neurophysiological insights into this phenomenon. Participants' brain activity was recorded while they performed an emotion discrimination task, viewing happy or disgust crowd faces (Experiment 1) or single faces (Experiment 2) following experiences of social inclusion or exclusion through a Cyberball game. Results from Experiment 1 indicated that social exclusion enhanced neural responses to both happy and disgust crowd faces, evidenced by larger mean amplitudes of the N170 and late positive potential (LPP) components. This neural enhancement was also correlated with greater need threat, as higher levels of need threat were associated with larger neural responses to emotional crowd faces. In contrast, Experiment 2 found no exclusion-related neural effects when participants viewed single faces. These neural results may reconcile the social reconnection hypothesis with the rejection sensitivity model by demonstrating that social exclusion increases responsiveness to socially affective information extracted from groups. In everyday social interactions, this increased responsiveness could influence how people read and evaluate emotional signals in crowds, ultimately affecting social judgment and adaptive behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":50672,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147693520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neural mechanisms of negative emotionality and cognitive control: The role of frontal midline theta.","authors":"Collin D Teich, Eric Rawls, Kara L Stevens, Steven S S Kang, Nicholas D Davenport, Scott R Sponheim, Melissa A Polusny, Craig A Marquardt","doi":"10.3758/s13415-026-01434-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13415-026-01434-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Early adulthood is characterized by the emergence of many forms of psychopathology as well as the development of cognitive abilities necessary for adaptive functioning (e.g., cognitive control). This study investigated brain responses that mediate the relationship between the ability to inhibit unwanted behavior-a core function of cognitive control-and personality characteristics associated with the development of psychopathology. Using a Go/No-Go task, we examined how theta and alpha frequency activity (3-8 and 10-20 Hz, respectively) within electroencephalography (EEG) recorded over middle frontal regions of the scalp (i.e., frontal midline theta [FMT]) may be sensitive to the effects of personality traits of Emotionality, Constraint, and Absorption, traits with well-studied connections to psychopathology and psychopathology risk factors, on behavioral responses reflecting cognitive control. Young adult United States Army National Guard recruits (n = 106) completed a Go/No-Go task that varied in difficulty across three blocks to magnify cognitive demands. FMT (electrode FCz) and behavioral performance varied as a function of the task demands, and FMT was associated with negative emotionality (NEM) and absorption. Desynchronization of alpha frequencies was evident at occipital electrodes (PO7, PO8) and related to task block difficulty. A mediation analysis revealed that FMT explained (mediated) the association between heightened NEM and worse performance on the Go/No-Go task. No such effects were evident for alpha desynchronization. Findings are consistent with FMT during control of behavioral responses being a mechanism by which a propensity toward experiencing negative emotions such as anxiety, fear, and stress (i.e., NEM) compromises cognitive control and self-regulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":50672,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147693487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential brain responses to affective sounds in misophonia and hyperacusis: A task-based fMRI approach.","authors":"Namitha Jain, Shagun Ajmera, Somayeh Shahsavarani, Rafay A Khan, Gibbeum Kim, Howard Berenbaum, Fatima T Husain","doi":"10.3758/s13415-026-01435-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13415-026-01435-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Humans are naturally attuned to emotionally salient sounds, such as screams signaling danger, which trigger survival-related responses. In sound-sensitivity disorders, such as misophonia and hyperacusis, everyday sounds provoke intense emotional and behavioral reactions. Misophonia is typically triggered by specific sounds, such as chewing, whereas hyperacusis involves hypersensitivity to sounds above certain intensity thresholds. Because these disorders share overlapping symptoms and frequently co-occur, disentangling their neural bases is essential for improving diagnosis and treatments. We recruited 91 young adults categorized into four groups: misophonia, hyperacusis, comorbid misophonia and hyperacusis, and controls. We conducted task-based fMRI, where participants listened to 90 emotionally valenced sounds from the International Affective Digitized Sounds-2 database and rated their valence during scanning. Whole-brain functional activation and seed-to-voxel functional connectivity analyses revealed both distinct and overlapping pattern of neural correlates associated with these disorders. The misophonia group, regardless of comorbid hyperacusis (relative to controls), showed hyperactivation in visual association areas and reduced connectivity between salience and visual networks during unpleasant versus neutral sound processing. This suggests atypical cross-modal sensory involvement. The hyperacusis group exhibited reduced connectivity between salience hubs and frontal control regions compared to misophonia and controls, indicating impaired top-down regulation. In contrast, this connectivity was preserved in misophonia for generally unpleasant sounds, suggesting intact regulation. The comorbid group showed neural patterns associated with both disorders. Overall, these findings reveal overlapping and disorder-specific neural patterns across sound tolerance profiles. Future research should combine neural and behavioral data to refine mechanistic models and guide targeted interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":50672,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147693413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intuition criticizes self, analysis protects mother: evidence from an ERPs study.","authors":"Fan He, Yangzhuo Li, Yao Wang, Junlong Luo","doi":"10.3758/s13415-026-01426-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13415-026-01426-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In collectivistic cultures, individuals' self-concept is deeply intertwined with perceptions of their mother. However, evaluation biases towards both the self and the mother, as well as the underlying cognitive mechanisms, remain unclear. This study explored self-mother evaluation biases under intuitive processing, extending prior research on analytical processing. Using the Remember/Know self-reference paradigm and event-related potentials (ERPs) technology, we manipulated response time and cognitive load to dissociate intuitive from analytical processing. Results showed that, under analytical processing conditions, maternal negative trait words elicited a stronger N400 component, indicating a positive bias in the evaluation of mothers, while self-negative trait words evoked a stronger LPP component, reflecting a negative processing bias toward self-related traits. Under intuitive processing conditions, individuals showed no evaluative bias toward their mothers, whereas self-positive trait words triggered enhanced N200 and N400 components, demonstrating a negative bias in self-evaluation. The modesty effect may explain the negative bias in self-evaluation during intuitive processing. The tendency to defend mothers' evaluations may be attributable to the emotional bond formed through long-term maternal parenting in collectivistic cultures.</p>","PeriodicalId":50672,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147693398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social anxiety is associated with greater autonomic and visuocortical generalization of conditioned aversive responses to faces.","authors":"Jourdan J Pouliot, Richard T Ward, Faith Gilbert, Payton Chiasson, Caitlin Traiser, Andreas Keil","doi":"10.3758/s13415-026-01437-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13415-026-01437-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aversive generalization learning is an adaptive trait that is necessary for survival in a dynamic environment. However, this process is exaggerated in persons with anxiety disorders, leading to overgeneralization of learned threat associations, hyperreactive fight-or-flight responses, and persistent avoidance. Patients with social anxiety disorder (SAD) exhibit impaired conditioned threat discrimination particularly with respect to social stimuli, such as faces. The present study examined the relationship between social anxiety and generalization of visuocortical and pupil dilation responses to a series of facial morphs, one of which was always paired with a noxious sound. Steady-state visual evoked potentials (ssVEPs; N = 65) exhibited greater fit to a model of generalization, whereas pupil dilation responses (N = 62) exhibited worse CS + discrimination as a function of social anxiety. These results contribute to a growing body of work suggesting that SAD dysregulates the ability of autonomic responses to specifically target social threat. The finding of widened visuocortical tuning in SAD implicates a role of the visual system in driving attentional biases in anxiety disorders, including greater visual processing of safety signals similar to threat cues.</p>","PeriodicalId":50672,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147655430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Has stopping stopped making sense? Disentangling the processes elicited by complex action cancellation paradigms.","authors":"Simon Weber, Sarah A Kemp, Mark R Hinder","doi":"10.3758/s13415-026-01440-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13415-026-01440-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Action cancellation represents a fundamental aspect of human motor control. Nonetheless, the behavioural paradigms used to study it are methodologically diverse and capture an incompletely understood combination of processes. Advancing theoretical accounts of action cancellation have motivated increasingly complicated experimental designs, leading some authors to draw comparisons between \"simple\" and \"complex\" stopping tasks. The latter describes a mix of paradigms, which variably require increased working memory demands, stimulus discrimination, distractor interference, or more complex stimulus-response mappings. This narrative review provides an accessible explanation of commonly implemented complex stopping tasks, selected based on their relevance to current theoretical debates. Throughout, we describe the challenges associated with interpreting performance in these tasks and highlight future directions for research. Notably, much of the past work using these tasks has applied traditional methods of indexing the speed of stopping, which were developed specifically for simple stopping tasks, and do not generalise well beyond this context. Recent research using cognitive modelling and physiological approaches has failed to replicate earlier findings, raising fundamental questions regarding how action cancellation should be indexed. Furthermore, physiological observations in complex stopping tasks appear to be incompatible with current accounts of the neurological mechanisms that underpin action cancellation. We propose potential ways forward, highlighting how the current lack of well-controlled comparisons between task types means the literature risks extensive task-specific findings that fail to generalise between laboratories, and-critically-beyond the laboratory.</p>","PeriodicalId":50672,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147647197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modality-general sensitivity of pupil responses to regularity violations.","authors":"Hamit Basgol, Florian Raab, Peter Dayan, Volker H Franz","doi":"10.3758/s13415-026-01423-3","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13415-026-01423-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pupil dilation responses are reliable physiological markers of arousal in response to unexpected events. We investigated how these responses generalise across different sensory modalities by using transitions between regular and random sequences of visual dots and auditory tones. In Experiment 1, we investigated sequences of visual dots and found that (a) transitions from a regular sequence to a random sequence induced pupil dilations, (b) transitions from one regular sequence to another regular sequence also induced pupil dilations, and (c) transitions from a random sequence to a regular sequence did not reliably induce them. In Experiment 2, we replicated these findings, confirming their reliability and thereby generalizing the literature from the auditory to the visual modality. In Experiment 3, we directly compared pupil dilations in visual and auditory modalities. We observed strong cross-modal similarity in pupil sizes, particularly for transitions between regular and random sequences. We also decomposed the pupil size time series to approximate phasic pupil dilation events. While the patterns of dilation events were quite similar, differences between modalities in dilation size (but not in rates) occurred during transitions from one regular to another regular sequence. Overall, our findings suggest that pupil-linked arousal reflects inference of statistical structure and its violations, exhibiting substantial (albeit not perfect) similarity across modalities.</p>","PeriodicalId":50672,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147634669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}