Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology最新文献

{"title":"Postencephalitic Proper- and Common-name Anomia, Alexia With Agraphia, and Mild Semantic Deficit due to Left Anterior Temporal Lobe Lesion.","authors":"Yasuhisa Sakurai, Yuko Ishizaka","doi":"10.1097/WNN.0000000000000386","DOIUrl":"10.1097/WNN.0000000000000386","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Here we report the case of an individual who developed proper- and common-name anomia with no category specificity, alexia with agraphia for kanji (Japanese morphograms), and mild verbal and semantic memory impairment after unilateral herpes simplex encephalitis. Although their common-name anomia, alexia with agraphia, and semantic memory impairment resolved within 2 years, this individual continued to experience proper-name anomia and verbal memory impairment. Encephalitic damage was limited to the left anterior temporal lobe (ATL), amygdala, hippocampus, and parahippocampal gyrus, sparing the mid-fusiform and posterior inferior temporal gyri. Although ATL lesions are not typically associated with semantic memory impairment, we suggest that damage to the left ATL can result in both proper- and common-name anomia, as was evident in the current case. In these cases, proper-name anomia may be more severe and persistent than common-name anomia, which may be mild and significantly improved within several years. In cases of semantic memory deficits, persistent common-name anomia, and severe alexia with agraphia, there is typically more extensive involvement of the temporal lobe than seen in the current case, including the mid-fusiform and posterior inferior temporal gyri.</p>","PeriodicalId":50671,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"21-32"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143014899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Lexical-semantic Impairment on Spoken Verb Production in Individuals With Mild Cognitive Impairment.","authors":"Joël Macoir, Robert Laforce, Carol Hudon","doi":"10.1097/WNN.0000000000000378","DOIUrl":"10.1097/WNN.0000000000000378","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although episodic memory is the primary concern in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), other cognitive functions may also be affected, including language. Language impairment in individuals with MCI has been attributed primarily to the breakdown of semantic representations, difficulties in accessing semantic information, and the weakening of executive functions. However, in most prior studies of word processing in individuals with MCI, researchers have used measures focused on noun production.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate how verb production tasks might aid in detecting cognitive impairment in individuals with MCI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We compared the performance of 45 individuals with MCI and 45 healthy controls on action naming and action fluency tasks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the action naming task, the performance of participants with MCI was significantly impaired compared to healthy controls in terms of total score, the number of semantic errors produced, and the use of generic terms. In the action fluency task, participants with MCI produced significantly fewer verbs, fewer clusters, and fewer switches than healthy controls.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of our study emphasize the utility of verb production tasks in the identification of cognitive impairment in individuals with MCI and provide evidence of the importance of including action naming and action fluency tasks in the assessment of individuals with MCI.</p>","PeriodicalId":50671,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"183-193"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142367309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychotropic Polypharmacy Leading to Reversible Dementia: A Case Report.","authors":"Durjoy Lahiri, Bruna Seixas-Lima, Carlos Roncero, Kathryn Stokes, Swayang Sudha Panda, Howard Chertkow","doi":"10.1097/WNN.0000000000000380","DOIUrl":"10.1097/WNN.0000000000000380","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Psychotropic polypharmacy presents a diagnostic challenge that may be further complicated by inadequate medication history and underappreciation of the cognitive effects of such polypharmacy. Here we present the case of a 57-year-old man who presented to our memory clinic with progressive cognitive decline and a prior neuropsychological evaluation supporting the diagnosis of a neurodegenerative disorder. He was taking multiple psychotropic medications at the time, but the exact dosages were unclear due to a lack of collateral history. He was also taking prescribed opioids and a combination of buprenorphine and naloxone for pain relief, again with unclear dosages at the time of presentation. Brain imaging and cerebrospinal spinal fluid biomarker testing were negative for Alzheimer pathophysiologic processes. Months later, the patient was taken to the emergency room after an overdose caused by overuse of opioid medications. Once he was taken off all psychoactive medications, the patient's cognitive impairment completely reversed, and he became independent in activities of daily living. Psychotropic polypharmacy can have a myriad of cognitive manifestations which need to be better recognized by clinicians. Deprescription of such medications should be attempted whenever clinically appropriate.</p>","PeriodicalId":50671,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"220-225"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142479849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Diagnostic Challenges of Late-onset Neuropsychiatric Symptoms and Early-onset Dementia: A Clinical and Neuropathological Case Study.","authors":"Miguel Restrepo-Martinez, Ramiro Ruiz-Garcia, Jacob Houpt, Lee Cyn Ang, Sumit Chaudhari, Elizabeth Finger","doi":"10.1097/WNN.0000000000000379","DOIUrl":"10.1097/WNN.0000000000000379","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The emergence of new-onset neuropsychiatric symptoms in middle age presents a diagnostic challenge, particularly when differentiating between a primary psychiatric disorder and an early neurodegenerative disease. The discrepancy between bedside clinical diagnosis and subsequent neuropathological findings in such cases further highlights the difficulty of accurately predicting pathology, especially when there are no evident focal lesions or changes in brain volume. Here we present the case of a 59-year-old woman with inconclusive neuroimaging who exhibited pronounced neuropsychiatric and behavioral symptoms initially suggestive of a mood disorder, then of behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia. However, upon autopsy, we identified coexisting Lewy body disease pathology and tau-related changes, including argyrophilic grain disease and primary age-related tauopathy. This case illustrates the challenges encountered when diagnosing late-onset neuropsychiatric symptoms, emphasizes the link between such symptoms and early-onset dementia and argyrophilic grain disease, and contributes to our understanding of the impact of mixed neuropathology in this population. Accurate diagnosis is essential for the development of molecular-specific therapies and, as well as for accurate prognosis and enrollment in clinical trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":50671,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology","volume":"37 4","pages":"226-236"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142774442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations Between Intertemporal Food Choice and BMI in Adult Women: An fMRI Study Using a Quasi-realistic Design.","authors":"Anne Sommerfeld, Manfred Herrmann, Marcus Heldmann, Peter Erhard, Thomas F Münte","doi":"10.1097/WNN.0000000000000377","DOIUrl":"10.1097/WNN.0000000000000377","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Impulsivity resulting in unrestrained eating has been implicated as a contributing factor for obesity. Delay discounting (DD) tasks where individuals choose between a smaller immediate reward and a larger delayed reward provide useful data to describe impulsive decision-making and to determine the extent to which delayed rewards are discounted.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To study the association between body mass index(BMI) and delay discounting for food and money in adult women.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used a DD task with real food rewards to investigate impulsive decision-making as related to BMI in participants who self-identified as women. Participants in group A had a mean BMI of 21.4 (n = 14), and participants in group B had a mean BMI of 32.2 (n = 14). Each group was tested in a hungry state during a single session. We performed fMRI during a DD task requiring participants to choose between a food item (one sandwich) constituting a smaller immediate reward and multiple food items (two, three, or four sandwiches) constituting a series of larger delayed rewards available at different intervals. The steepness of the discounting curve for food was determined from these decisions. Participants then completed a monetary discounting task to facilitate a comparison of the discounting of food and monetary rewards.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants in group B discounted food rewards more steeply than monetary rewards. Decisions for delayed rewards led to increased activations of brain areas related to executive control on fMRI, such as the head of the caudate nucleus and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in group A, but not group B participants.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings suggest that group B had difficulty deciding against the immediate food rewards due to insufficient recruitment of cortical control areas. Therefore, impulsivity is an important target for behavioral interventions in individuals with obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":50671,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"205-219"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142479848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distinct Patterns of Socioemotional Dysfunction Relate to Aggressive Versus Nonaggressive Rule-breaking Antisocial Behaviors in Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia.","authors":"Jayden J Lee, Lindsey C Keener, Tony X Phan, Jerica E Reeder, Siyi Wang, Ciaran M Considine, R Ryan Darby","doi":"10.1097/WNN.0000000000000381","DOIUrl":"10.1097/WNN.0000000000000381","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Antisocial behaviors occur in up to 91% of individuals with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD). Prior work has shown that antisocial behaviors can be differentiated into aggressive and nonaggressive rule-breaking behavioral subtypes. Socioemotional dysfunction is common in bvFTD and unique compared to other types of dementia.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine whether socioemotional dysfunction relates to general antisocial behaviors in individuals with bvFTD, or whether different types of socioemotional dysfunction relate to aggressive versus rule-breaking behaviors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Informants for 28 participants with bvFTD and 21 participants with Alzheimer disease (AD) completed the Social Behavior Questionnaire (SBQ) and the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI). The SBQ measures the presence and severity of 26 antisocial behaviors, including subscales for aggressive behaviors (SBQ-AGG) and nonaggressive rule-breaking behaviors (SBQ-RB). The IRI measures cognitive and emotional empathy capabilities, including subscales for Empathic Concern (IRI-EC) and Perspective-taking (IRI-PT).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>As expected, participants with bvFTD had higher scores on the SBQ in total than participants with AD, as well as on the SBQ-AGG and SBQ-RB separately. Participants with bvFTD had lower scores on the IRI-EC and IRI-PT than participants with AD (P < 0.0001 for all measures). Lower scores on the IRI-PT correlated with higher scores on the SBQ-AGG-but not with higher scores on the SBQ-RB-across the combined group of participants (P = 0.007), and within participants in the bvFTD group (P = 0.01) specifically, after controlling for covariates of age, sex, dementia severity, and IRI-EC scores. Lower scores on the IRI-EC correlated with higher scores on the SBQ-AGG-but not with higher scores on the SBQ-RB-across the combined group of participants (P = 0.02) after controlling for covariates of age, sex, dementia severity, and IRI-PT scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results suggest that socioemotional dysfunction relates to antisocial behaviors in individuals with bvFTD, but that the mechanisms leading to aggressive and rule-breaking behaviors are differentiable, providing meaningful implications for distinct approaches to treatment and prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":50671,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology","volume":"37 4","pages":"194-204"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11614378/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142774405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Cognition, Executive Functioning, Mood, and Disability in Cervical Dystonia.","authors":"Madeleine Diepman, Christina Seery, Shameer Rafee, Rachel Somers, Séan O'Riordan, Michael Hutchinson, Fiadhnait O'Keeffe","doi":"10.1097/WNN.0000000000000374","DOIUrl":"10.1097/WNN.0000000000000374","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Individuals with idiopathic adult-onset isolated cervical dystonia (CD) may have cognitive difficulties and increased mood challenges. Social cognition and executive functioning may be particularly affected.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore social cognition and executive functioning performance in individuals with CD, using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB), as previous research has used traditional, nondigital neuropsychological assessments. We sought to investigate the relationships between social cognition, executive functioning, mood, and disability in individuals with CD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We recruited 37 individuals with CD, including 26 women with an age range of 33 to 69 years (M = 56.64, SD = 8.31) from a dystonia clinic in a hospital neurology department. The individuals completed selected tasks from the CANTAB measuring social cognition and executive functioning. We compared the individuals' performance with CANTAB normative data. Depression, anxiety, disease severity, and disability were measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The individuals with CD had significantly lower scores than the CANTAB normative data in both social cognition and executive functioning tasks, with the largest differences evident in problem-solving, attention, and positive emotion bias tasks. Poorer emotion recognition was associated with increased difficulties in problem-solving tasks. The individuals demonstrated a bias toward identifying happiness in facial affect, which was related to a poorer recognition of emotions. Cognitive performance was not related to CD severity or disability or to current mood symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Difficulties with both social cognition and executive functioning were identified in the individuals with CD, and are likely important targets for clinical interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":50671,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"107-116"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141876625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Articulatory-based Phonemic Paraphasia in Conduction Aphasia: A Dysfunction in Phoneme-to-Articulation Conversion Uncovered Through Crossed Aphasia.","authors":"Hiroaki Kawashima, Michitaka Funayama, Yoshie Inaba, Mikoto Baba","doi":"10.1097/WNN.0000000000000371","DOIUrl":"10.1097/WNN.0000000000000371","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Phonemic paraphasia, a common characteristic of conduction aphasia, has traditionally been attributed to phonological representation dysfunction. An alternative hypothesis posits that phonemic paraphasia arises from difficulty converting phonemes into their corresponding articulatory maneuvers. However, detailed case studies supporting this theory have been lacking. In this report, we present the case of a 61-year-old right-handed man with right temporo-parietal infarction who exhibited crossed aphasia characterized by typical conduction aphasia symptoms (eg, relatively fluent speech with intact comprehension, frequent phonemic paraphasia, and pronounced difficulties in oral repetition) in the absence of distorted articulation, syllable segmentation, and prosody impairment. Despite the frequent occurrence of phonemic paraphasia and articulatory challenges, our patient's phonological representations remained relatively intact. His phonemic paraphasia was often self-corrected to produce correct responses, a feature known as conduit d'approche. During the oral repetition of individual mora (ie, the smallest unit of speech in Japanese), we observed that the patient consistently traced the corresponding Hiragana phonetic symbol accurately, despite his difficulties in articulation. We substantiated this phenomenon through objective assessment and posit that it resulted from an unusual separation of language functions in crossed aphasia-specifically, a disconnection between phonological representations in the right temporo-parietal cortex and speech articulation engrams in the left hemisphere. In this case of conduction aphasia, articulatory-based phonemic paraphasia may be viewed as an inability to convert phonemes into the appropriate articulatory maneuvers rather than as phonological representation dysfunction or apraxia of speech.</p>","PeriodicalId":50671,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"165-179"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141876624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Free-listing and Semantic Knowledge: A Tool for Detecting Alzheimer Disease?","authors":"Maileen G Ulep, Pierre Liénard","doi":"10.1097/WNN.0000000000000370","DOIUrl":"10.1097/WNN.0000000000000370","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Impairment in semantic knowledge contributes to Alzheimer disease (AD)-related decline. However, the particulars of the impact AD has on specific domains of knowledge remain debatable.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the impact of AD on specific semantic categories that are integral to daily functions-living things and man-made objects.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We administered a free-listing task (written version) to 19 individuals with AD and 15 cognitively normal older adults and assessed the task's relationship with other cognitive and functional tests in clinical use. We compared the contents of the lists of salient concepts generated by the AD and control groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Group membership (AD or control), after controlling for age, sex, formal education, and an estimate of premorbid intellectual ability, predicted the groups' performance on the free-listing task across two categories. Functional status was inversely related to performance on the free-listing task, holding demographic variables constant. Based on a comparison of the contents of the free lists that were generated by the two groups, it was possible to conclude that, in individuals with AD, conceptual knowledge central to the respective categories was well preserved, whereas the peripheral conceptual material showed evidence of degradation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The free-listing task, which is an easy-to-administer and cost-effective tool, could aid in the preliminary detection of semantic knowledge dysfunction, revealing concepts that are better preserved and, possibly, the characterization of AD. Cognitive assessment tools that can be applied across cultures are needed, and the free-listing task has the potential to address this gap.</p>","PeriodicalId":50671,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"117-143"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11356687/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141428207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Threatening an Illusory Limb: An Event-related Potential Study of the Rubber Hand Illusion.","authors":"Marcus Heldmann, Gregor Spitta, Tobias Wagner-Altendorf, Thomas F Münte","doi":"10.1097/WNN.0000000000000372","DOIUrl":"10.1097/WNN.0000000000000372","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The rubber hand illusion (RHI) is a well-established method for studying body ownership: Given adequate concordance of visual, sensory, and proprioceptive stimuli, the individual experiences a rubber hand as his or her own.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To study the effects of a threat to the rubber hand.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We created a typical RHI paradigm but added threatening pain: Both the real hand of an individual and the rubber hand were stroked with a brush, either synchronously (RHI-inducing condition) or asynchronously (control condition), but only the rubber hand was then pricked with a needle to create a threatening pain condition. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded in a group of 23 typically-developed individuals. ERP effects were source-localized using low-resolution electromagnetic tomography.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The individuals consistently reported experience of the RHI during the experiment when the brush strokes were applied synchronously to both the real hand and the rubber hand. ERP analysis revealed that synchronous brush stroking gave rise to higher amplitude of frontal ERPs in the 100-200 ms range than asynchronous brush stroking, which was interpreted as reflecting the RHI. In the threatening pain condition, ERPs showed a greater positivity at frontocentral electrodes, source localized in the supplementary motor area (SMA).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>SMA activation could reflect a control mechanism over reflexive motor activity, facilitating a possible threat-related response. Further studies should address ERP effects and the extent of the RHI to standard and threat stimuli in a correlative fashion to further elucidate the functional significance of the neurophysiological findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":50671,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"99-106"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11356691/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141762313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}