Combinatorica最新文献

{"title":"Rigidity Expander Graphs","authors":"Alan Lew, Eran Nevo, Yuval Peled, Orit E. Raz","doi":"10.1007/s00493-025-00149-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00493-025-00149-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Jordán and Tanigawa recently introduced the <i>d</i>-dimensional algebraic connectivity <span>(a_d(G))</span> of a graph <i>G</i>. This is a quantitative measure of the <i>d</i>-dimensional rigidity of <i>G</i> which generalizes the well-studied notion of spectral expansion of graphs. We present a new lower bound for <span>(a_d(G))</span> defined in terms of the spectral expansion of certain subgraphs of <i>G</i> associated with a partition of its vertices into <i>d</i> parts. In particular, we obtain a new sufficient condition for the rigidity of a graph <i>G</i>. As a first application, we prove the existence of an infinite family of <i>k</i>-regular <i>d</i>-rigidity-expander graphs for every <span>(dge 2)</span> and <span>(kge 2d+1)</span>. Conjecturally, no such family of 2<i>d</i>-regular graphs exists. Second, we show that <span>(a_d(K_n)ge frac{1}{2}leftlfloor frac{n}{d}rightrfloor )</span>, which we conjecture to be essentially tight. In addition, we study the extremal values <span>(a_d(G))</span> attains if <i>G</i> is a minimally <i>d</i>-rigid graph.</p>","PeriodicalId":50666,"journal":{"name":"Combinatorica","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143766797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Hypergraph Bipartite Turán Problem with Odd Uniformity","authors":"Jie Ma, Tianchi Yang","doi":"10.1007/s00493-025-00146-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00493-025-00146-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this paper, we investigate the hypergraph Turán number <span>(textrm{ex}(n,K^{(r)}_{s,t}))</span>. Here, <span>(K^{(r)}_{s,t})</span> denotes the <i>r</i>-uniform hypergraph with vertex set <span>(left( cup _{iin [t]}X_iright) cup Y)</span> and edge set <span>({X_icup {y}: iin [t], yin Y})</span>, where <span>(X_1,X_2,cdots ,X_t)</span> are <i>t</i> pairwise disjoint sets of size <span>(r-1)</span> and <i>Y</i> is a set of size <i>s</i> disjoint from each <span>(X_i)</span>. This study was initially explored by Erdős and has since received substantial attention in research. Recent advancements by Bradač, Gishboliner, Janzer and Sudakov have greatly contributed to a better understanding of this problem. They proved that <span>(textrm{ex}(n,K_{s,t}^{(r)})=O_{s,t}(n^{r-frac{1}{s-1}}))</span> holds for any <span>(rge 3)</span> and <span>(s,tge 2)</span>. They also provided constructions illustrating the tightness of this bound if <span>(rge 4)</span> is <i>even</i> and <span>(tgg sge 2)</span>. Furthermore, they proved that <span>(textrm{ex}(n,K_{s,t}^{(3)})=O_{s,t}(n^{3-frac{1}{s-1}-varepsilon _s}))</span> holds for <span>(sge 3)</span> and some <span>(epsilon _s&gt;0)</span>. Addressing this intriguing discrepancy between the behavior of this number for <span>(r=3)</span> and the even cases, Bradač et al. post a question of whether </p><span>$$begin{aligned} textrm{ex}(n,K_{s,t}^{(r)})= O_{r,s,t}(n^{r-frac{1}{s-1}- varepsilon }) text{ holds } text{ for } text{ odd } rge 5 text{ and } text{ any } sge 3text{. } end{aligned}$$</span><p>In this paper, we provide an affirmative answer to this question, utilizing novel techniques to identify regular and dense substructures. This result highlights a rare instance in hypergraph Turán problems where the solution depends on the parity of the uniformity.</p>","PeriodicalId":50666,"journal":{"name":"Combinatorica","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143713066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved Integrality Gap in Max–Min Allocation, or, Topology at the North Pole","authors":"Penny Haxell, Tibor Szabó","doi":"10.1007/s00493-025-00141-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00493-025-00141-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the max–min allocation problem a set <i>P</i> of players are to be allocated disjoint subsets of a set <i>R</i> of indivisible resources, such that the minimum utility among all players is maximized. We study the restricted variant, also known as the Santa Claus problem, where each resource has an intrinsic positive value, and each player covets a subset of the resources. Bezáková and Dani (SIGecom Exch 5(3):11–18, 2005) showed that this problem is NP-hard to approximate within a factor less than 2, consequently a great deal of work has focused on approximate solutions. The principal approach for obtaining approximation algorithms has been via the Configuration LP (CLP) of Bansal and Sviridenko (Proceedings of the 38th ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing, 2006). Accordingly, there has been much interest in bounding the integrality gap of this CLP. The existing algorithms and integrality gap estimations are all based one way or another on the combinatorial augmenting tree argument of Haxell (Graphs Comb 11(3):245–248, 1995) for finding perfect matchings in certain hypergraphs. Our main innovation in this paper is to introduce the use of topological methods, to replace the combinatorial argument of Haxell (Graphs Comb 11(3):245–248, 1995) for the restricted max–min allocation problem. This approach yields substantial improvements in the integrality gap of the CLP. In particular we improve the previously best known bound of 3.808 to 3.534. We also study the <span>((1,varepsilon ))</span>-restricted version, in which resources can take only two values, and improve the integrality gap in most cases. Our approach applies a criterion of Aharoni and Haxell, and Meshulam, for the existence of independent transversals in graphs, which involves the connectedness of the independence complex. This is complemented by a graph process of Meshulam that decreases the connectedness of the independence complex in a controlled fashion and hence, tailored appropriately to the problem, can verify the criterion. In our applications we aim to establish the flexibility of the approach and hence argue for it to be a potential asset in other optimization problems involving hypergraph matchings.</p>","PeriodicalId":50666,"journal":{"name":"Combinatorica","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143713067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Induced Subgraphs of $$K_r$$ -Free Graphs and the Erdős–Rogers Problem","authors":"Lior Gishboliner, Oliver Janzer, Benny Sudakov","doi":"10.1007/s00493-025-00147-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00493-025-00147-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>For two graphs <i>F</i>, <i>H</i> and a positive integer <i>n</i>, the function <span>(f_{F,H}(n))</span> denotes the largest <i>m</i> such that every <i>H</i>-free graph on <i>n</i> vertices contains an <i>F</i>-free induced subgraph on <i>m</i> vertices. This function has been extensively studied in the last 60 years when <i>F</i> and <i>H</i> are cliques and became known as the Erdős–Rogers function. Recently, Balogh, Chen and Luo, and Mubayi and Verstraëte initiated the systematic study of this function in the case where <i>F</i> is a general graph. Answering, in a strong form, a question of Mubayi and Verstraëte, we prove that for every positive integer <i>r</i> and every <span>(K_{r-1})</span>-free graph <i>F</i>, there exists some <span>(varepsilon _F&gt;0)</span> such that <span>(f_{F,K_r}(n)=O(n^{1/2-varepsilon _F}))</span>. This result is tight in two ways. Firstly, it is no longer true if <i>F</i> contains <span>(K_{r-1})</span> as a subgraph. Secondly, we show that for all <span>(rge 4)</span> and <span>(varepsilon &gt;0)</span>, there exists a <span>(K_{r-1})</span>-free graph <i>F</i> for which <span>(f_{F,K_r}(n)=Omega (n^{1/2-varepsilon }))</span>. Along the way of proving this, we show in particular that for every graph <i>F</i> with minimum degree <i>t</i>, we have <span>(f_{F,K_4}(n)=Omega (n^{1/2-6/sqrt{t}}))</span>. This answers (in a strong form) another question of Mubayi and Verstraëte. Finally, we prove that there exist absolute constants <span>(0&lt;c&lt;C)</span> such that for each <span>(rge 4)</span>, if <i>F</i> is a bipartite graph with sufficiently large minimum degree, then <span>(Omega (n^{frac{c}{log r}})le f_{F,K_r}(n)le O(n^{frac{C}{log r}}))</span>. This shows that for graphs <i>F</i> with large minimum degree, the behaviour of <span>(f_{F,K_r}(n))</span> is drastically different from that of the corresponding off-diagonal Ramsey number <span>(f_{K_2,K_r}(n))</span>.</p>","PeriodicalId":50666,"journal":{"name":"Combinatorica","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143713068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Large Family of Strongly Regular Graphs with Small Weisfeiler-Leman Dimension","authors":"Jinzhuan Cai, Jin Guo, Alexander L. Gavrilyuk, Ilia Ponomarenko","doi":"10.1007/s00493-025-00145-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00493-025-00145-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In 2002, D. Fon-Der-Flaass constructed a prolific family of strongly regular graphs. In this paper, we prove that for infinitely many natural numbers <i>n</i> and a positive constant <i>c</i>, this family contains at least <span>(n^{ccdot n^{2/3}})</span> strongly regular <i>n</i>-vertex graphs <i>X</i> with the same parameters, which satisfy the following condition: an isomorphism between <i>X</i> and any other graph can be verified by the 4-dimensional Weisfeiler-Leman algorithm.</p>","PeriodicalId":50666,"journal":{"name":"Combinatorica","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143678023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Signed Varchenko Determinant for Complexes of Oriented Matroids","authors":"Winfried Hochstättler, Sophia Keip, Kolja Knauer","doi":"10.1007/s00493-025-00138-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00493-025-00138-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We generalize the (signed) Varchenko matrix of a hyperplane arrangement to complexes of oriented matroids and show that its determinant has a nice factorization. This extends previous results on hyperplane arrangements and oriented matroids.</p>","PeriodicalId":50666,"journal":{"name":"Combinatorica","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143640816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved Lower Bound Towards Chen–Chvátal Conjecture","authors":"Congkai Huang","doi":"10.1007/s00493-025-00137-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00493-025-00137-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We prove that in every metric space where no line contains all the points, there are at least <span>(Omega (n^{2/3}))</span> lines. This improves the previous <span>(Omega (sqrt{n}))</span> lower bound on the number of lines in general metric space, and also improves the previous <span>(Omega (n^{4/7}))</span> lower bound on the number of lines in metric spaces generated by connected graphs.</p>","PeriodicalId":50666,"journal":{"name":"Combinatorica","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143618490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bounds on the Mod 2 Homology of Random 2-Dimensional Determinantal Hypertrees","authors":"András Mészáros","doi":"10.1007/s00493-025-00142-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00493-025-00142-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>As a first step towards a conjecture of Kahle and Newman, we prove that if <span>(T_n)</span> is a random 2-dimensional determinantal hypertree on <i>n</i> vertices, then </p><span>$$begin{aligned} frac{dim H_1(T_n,mathbb {F}_2)}{n^2} end{aligned}$$</span><p>converges to zero in probability. Confirming a conjecture of Linial and Peled, we also prove the analogous statement for the 1-out 2-complex. Our proof relies on the large deviation principle for the Erdős–Rényi random graph by Chatterjee and Varadhan.</p>","PeriodicalId":50666,"journal":{"name":"Combinatorica","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143618493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supersaturation Beyond Color-Critical Graphs","authors":"Jie Ma, Long-Tu Yuan","doi":"10.1007/s00493-025-00143-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00493-025-00143-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The supersaturation problem for a given graph <i>F</i> asks for the minimum number <span>(h_F(n,q))</span> of copies of <i>F</i> in an <i>n</i>-vertex graph with <span>(textrm{ex}(n,F)+q)</span> edges. Subsequent works by Rademacher, Erdős, and Lovász and Simonovits determine the optimal range of <i>q</i> (which is linear in <i>n</i>) for cliques <i>F</i> such that <span>(h_F(n,q))</span> equals the minimum number <span>(t_F(n,q))</span> of copies of <i>F</i> obtained from a maximum <i>F</i>-free <i>n</i>-vertex graph by adding <i>q</i> new edges. A breakthrough result of Mubayi extends this line of research from cliques to color-critical graphs <i>F</i>, and this was further strengthened by Pikhurko and Yilma who established the equality <span>(h_F(n,q)=t_F(n,q))</span> for <span>(1le qle epsilon _F n)</span> and sufficiently large <i>n</i>. In this paper, we present several results on the supersaturation problem that extend beyond the existing framework. Firstly, we explicitly construct infinitely many graphs <i>F</i> with restricted properties for which <span>(h_F(n,q)&lt;qcdot t_F(n,1))</span> holds when <span>(ngg qge 4)</span>, thus refuting a conjecture of Mubayi. Secondly, we extend the result of Pikhurko–Yilma by showing the equality <span>(h_F(n,q)=t_F(n,q))</span> in the range <span>(1le qle epsilon _F n)</span> for any member <i>F</i> in a diverse and abundant graph family (which includes color-critical graphs, disjoint unions of cliques <span>(K_r)</span>, and the Petersen graph). Lastly, we prove the existence of a graph <i>F</i> for any positive integer <i>s</i> such that <span>(h_F(n,q)=t_F(n,q))</span> holds when <span>(1le qle epsilon _F n^{1-1/s})</span>, and <span>(h_F(n,q)&lt;t_F(n,q))</span> when <span>(n^{1-1/s}/epsilon _Fle qle epsilon _F n)</span>, indicating that <span>(q=Theta (n^{1-1/s}))</span> serves as the threshold for the equality <span>(h_F(n,q)=t_F(n,q))</span>. We also discuss some additional remarks and related open problems.</p>","PeriodicalId":50666,"journal":{"name":"Combinatorica","volume":"183 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143618494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gadget Construction and Structural Convergence","authors":"David Hartman, Tomáš Hons, Jaroslav Nešetřil","doi":"10.1007/s00493-025-00140-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00493-025-00140-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Nešetřil and Ossona de Mendez recently proposed a new definition of graph convergence called structural convergence. The structural convergence framework is based on the probability of satisfaction of logical formulas from a fixed fragment of first-order formulas. The flexibility of choosing the fragment allows to unify the classical notions of convergence for sparse and dense graphs. Since the field is relatively young, the range of examples of convergent sequences is limited and only a few methods of construction are known. Our aim is to extend the variety of constructions by considering the gadget construction. We show that, when restricting to the set of sentences, the application of gadget construction on elementarily convergent sequences yields an elementarily convergent sequence. On the other hand, we show counterexamples witnessing that a generalization to the full first-order convergence is not possible without additional assumptions. We give several different sufficient conditions to ensure the full convergence. One of them states that the resulting sequence is first-order convergent if the replaced edges are dense in the original sequence of structures.</p>","PeriodicalId":50666,"journal":{"name":"Combinatorica","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143618492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}