Jian Zhou,Shaojing Wang,Li'ang Yu,Ning Li,Shufen Li,Yulan Zhang,Ruiyun Qin,Wujun Gao,Chuanliang Deng
{"title":"Cloning and physical localization of male-biased repetitive DNA sequences in Spinacia oleracea (Amaranthaceae)","authors":"Jian Zhou,Shaojing Wang,Li'ang Yu,Ning Li,Shufen Li,Yulan Zhang,Ruiyun Qin,Wujun Gao,Chuanliang Deng","doi":"10.3897/compcytogen.v15.i2.63061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v15.i2.63061","url":null,"abstract":"Spinach (Spinacia oleracea Linnaeus, 1753) is an ideal material for studying molecular mechanisms of early-stage sex chromosome evolution in dioecious plants. Degenerate oligonucleotide-primed polymerase chain reaction (DOP-PCR) technique facilitates the retrotransposon-relevant studies by enriching specific repetitive DNA sequences from a micro-dissected single chromosome. We conducted genomic subtractive hybridization to screen sex-biased DNA sequences by using the DOP-PCR amplification products of micro-dissected spinach Y chromosome. The screening yielded 55 male-biased DNA sequences with 30 576 bp in length, of which, 32 DNA sequences (12 049 bp) contained repeat DNA sequences, including LTR/Copia, LTR/Gypsy, simple repeats, and DNA/CMC-EnSpm. Among these repetitive DNA sequences, four DNA sequences that contained a fragment of Ty3-gypsy retrotransposons (SP73, SP75, SP76, and SP77) were selected as fluorescence probes to hybridization on male and female spinach karyotypes. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) signals of SP73 and SP75 were captured mostly on the centromeres and their surrounding area for each homolog. Hybridization signals primarily appeared near the putative centromeres for each homologous chromosome pair by using SP76 and SP77 probes for FISH, and sporadic signals existed on the long arms. Results can be served as a basis to study the function of repetitive DNA sequences in sex chromosome evolution in spinach.","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":"15 1","pages":"101-118"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138528420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Comparative CytogeneticsPub Date : 2021-04-02eCollection Date: 2021-01-01DOI: 10.3897/CompCytogen.v15i2.60577
Ricardo Firmino de Sousa, Paulo Cesar Venere, Karina de Cassia Faria
{"title":"Comparative cytogenetics of two species of <i>Dermanura</i> (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) in Midwestern Brazil.","authors":"Ricardo Firmino de Sousa, Paulo Cesar Venere, Karina de Cassia Faria","doi":"10.3897/CompCytogen.v15i2.60577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/CompCytogen.v15i2.60577","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Dermanura</i> Gervais, 1856 is represented by small frugivorous bats of the Stenodermatinae subfamily. The taxonomy of this group presents controversies and has been subject to changes, especially since the morphological characters evaluated have left gaps that are difficult to fill regarding good species characterization. Previous studies performed in <i>Dermanura cinerea</i> Gervais, 1856 found that the karyotype of this species has a diploid number of chromosomes equal to 30 and 56 autosomal arms. The objective of the present study was to describe, for the first time, the karyotypes of the species <i>Dermanura anderseni</i> (Osgood, 1916) and <i>Dermanura gnoma</i> (Handley, 1987) based on classical cytogenetic markers. For both species, the diploid number found was 2n = 30 and NFa = 56. Two pairs of chromosomes showed markings of the nucleolus organizing regions (AgNORs) in the species <i>D. anderseni</i> and only one pair in <i>D. gnoma</i>, differing from what has already been described for <i>D. cinerea</i>. The two species analyzed here also showed differences in the sex chromosome system, with <i>D. gnoma</i> showing a neo-XY type system while in <i>D. anderseni</i> the classic XY sexual system was observed. In both species, visualization of the constitutive heterochromatin occurred in the pericentromeric region of all chromosomes, as well as in the short arms of the subtelocentric chromosomes. The present work represents an important expansion of karyotypic information for the subfamily Stenodermatinae, bringing chromosomal features that are possible to use in the taxonomic implications of the group.</p>","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":"15 2","pages":"89-99"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8035126/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38818310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ricardo Firmino de Sousa,Paulo Cesar Venere,Karina de Cassia Faria
{"title":"Comparative cytogenetics of two species of Dermanura (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) in Midwestern Brazil","authors":"Ricardo Firmino de Sousa,Paulo Cesar Venere,Karina de Cassia Faria","doi":"10.3897/compcytogen.v15.i2.60577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v15.i2.60577","url":null,"abstract":"Dermanura Gervais, 1856 is represented by small frugivorous bats of the Stenodermatinae subfamily. The taxonomy of this group presents controversies and has been subject to changes, especially since the morphological characters evaluated have left gaps that are difficult to fill regarding good species characterization. Previous studies performed in Dermanura cinerea Gervais, 1856 found that the karyotype of this species has a diploid number of chromosomes equal to 30 and 56 autosomal arms. The objective of the present study was to describe, for the first time, the karyotypes of the species Dermanura anderseni (Osgood, 1916) and Dermanura gnoma (Handley, 1987) based on classical cytogenetic markers. For both species, the diploid number found was 2n = 30 and NFa = 56. Two pairs of chromosomes showed markings of the nucleolus organizing regions (AgNORs) in the species D. anderseni and only one pair in D. gnoma, differing from what has already been described for D. cinerea. The two species analyzed here also showed differences in the sex chromosome system, with D. gnoma showing a neo-XY type system while in D. anderseni the classic XY sexual system was observed. In both species, visualization of the constitutive heterochromatin occurred in the pericentromeric region of all chromosomes, as well as in the short arms of the subtelocentric chromosomes. The present work represents an important expansion of karyotypic information for the subfamily Stenodermatinae, bringing chromosomal features that are possible to use in the taxonomic implications of the group.","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":"5 3","pages":"89-99"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138510135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Comparative CytogeneticsPub Date : 2021-03-19eCollection Date: 2021-01-01DOI: 10.3897/CompCytogen.v15i1.56430
Ingrid Cândido de Oliveira Barbosa, Carlos Henrique Schneider, Leonardo Gusso Goll, Eliana Feldberg, Gislene Almeida Carvalho-Zilse
{"title":"Chromosomal mapping of repetitive DNA in <i>Melipona seminigra merrillae</i> Cockerell, 1919 (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Meliponini).","authors":"Ingrid Cândido de Oliveira Barbosa, Carlos Henrique Schneider, Leonardo Gusso Goll, Eliana Feldberg, Gislene Almeida Carvalho-Zilse","doi":"10.3897/CompCytogen.v15i1.56430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/CompCytogen.v15i1.56430","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Melipona</i> Illiger, 1806 is represented by 74 known species of stingless bees, distributed throughout the Neotropical region. Cytogenetically it is the most studied stingless bee genus of the tribe Meliponini. Member species are divided in two groups based on the volume of heterochromatin. This study aim was to analyze the composition and organization of chromatin of the stingless bee subspecies <i>Melipona seminigra merrillae</i> Cockerell, 1919 using classical and molecular cytogenetic techniques, so contributing to a better understanding of the processes of chromosomal changes within the genus. We confirm that <i>M. seminigra merrillae</i> has a chromosome number of 2n = 22 and n = 11, results that differ from those reported for the genus in the absence of B chromosomes. The heterochromatic pattern revealed a karyotype composed of chromosomes with a high heterochromatin content, which makes it difficult to visualize the centromere. Silver nitrate impregnation (Ag-NOR) showed transcriptionally active sites on the second chromosomal pair. Staining of base-specific fluorophores DAPI-CMA<sub>3</sub> indicated a homogeneous distribution of intensely DAPI-stained heterochromatin, while CMA<sub>3</sub> markings appeared on those terminal portions of the chromosomes corresponding to euchromatin. Similar to Ag-NOR, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with 18S ribosomal DNA probe revealed distinct signals on the second pair of chromosomes. Microsatellite mapping (GA)<sub>15</sub> showed markings distributed in euchromatic regions, while mapping with (CA)<sub>15</sub> showed marking patterns in heterochromatic regions, together with a fully marked chromosome pair. Microsatellite hybridization, both in heterochromatic and euchromatic regions, may be related to the activity of transposable elements. These are capable of forming new microsatellites that can be dispersed and amplified in different regions of the genome, demonstrating that repetitive sequences can evolve rapidly, thus resulting in within-genus diversification.</p>","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":"15 1","pages":"77-87"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7997856/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25558009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cytogenetic analysis of <i>Hypomasticus copelandii</i> and <i>H. steindachneri</i>: relevance of cytotaxonomic markers in the Anostomidae family (Characiformes).","authors":"Filipe Schitini Salgado, Marina Souza Cunha, Silvana Melo, Jorge Abdala Dergam","doi":"10.3897/compcytogen.v15.i1.61957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v15.i1.61957","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent phylogenetic hypotheses within Anostomidae, based on morphological and molecular data, resulted in the description of new genera (<i>Megaleporinus</i> Ramirez, Birindelli et Galetti, 2017) and the synonymization of others, such as the reallocation of <i>Leporinus copelandii</i> Steindachner, 1875 and <i>Leporinus steindachneri</i> Eigenmann, 1907 to <i>Hypomasticus</i> Borodin, 1929. Despite high levels of conservatism of the chromosomal macrostructure in this family, species groups have been corroborated using banding patterns and the presence of different sex chromosome systems. Due to the absence of cytogenetic studies in <i>H. copelandii</i> (Steindachner, 1875) and <i>H. steindachneri</i> (Eigenmann, 1907), the goal of this study was to characterize their karyotypes and investigate the presence/absence of sex chromosome systems using different repetitive DNA probes. Cytogenetic techniques included: Giemsa staining, Ag-NOR banding and FISH using 18S and 5S rDNA probes, as well as microsatellite probes (CA)<sub>15</sub> and (GA)<sub>15</sub>. Both species had 2n = 54, absence of heteromorphic sex chromosomes, one chromosome pair bearing Ag-NOR, 18S and 5S rDNA regions. The (CA)<sub>15</sub> and (GA)<sub>15</sub> probes marked mainly the subtelomeric regions of all chromosomes and were useful as species-specific chromosomal markers. Our results underline that chromosomal macrostructure is congruent with higher systematic arrangements in Anostomidae, while microsatellite probes are informative about autapomorphic differences between species.</p>","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":"15 1","pages":"65-76"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7969579/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25525070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Comparative CytogeneticsPub Date : 2021-02-11eCollection Date: 2021-01-01DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v15.i1.60398
Ross Brookwell, Kimberly Finlayson, Jason P van de Merwe
{"title":"A comparative analysis of the karyotypes of three dolphins - <i>Tursiops truncatus</i> Montagu, 1821, <i>Tursiops australis</i> Charlton-Robb et al., 2011, and <i>Grampus griseus</i> Cuvier, 1812.","authors":"Ross Brookwell, Kimberly Finlayson, Jason P van de Merwe","doi":"10.3897/compcytogen.v15.i1.60398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v15.i1.60398","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study is to produce G-banded karyotypes of three dolphin species, <i>Tursiops truncatus</i> Montagu, 1821, <i>Tursiops australis</i>Charlton-Robb et al., 2011, and <i>Grampus griseus</i> Cuvier, 1812, and to determine if any differences between the species can be observed. Monolayer skin cultures were established and processed for chromosome study by trypsin banding. The results indicate that the three species here investigated have the same diploid number (2n = 44) and very similar gross chromosome morphology, however G-banding allows distinction between each species. Chromosome 1 in <i>G. griseus</i> is significantly different from the other 2 species, and chromosome 2 in <i>T. australis</i> is subtly different from the other 2 species. This result is of potential significance in taxonomic studies, and can provide an unequivocal answer in the assessment of suspected hybrids between these species.</p>","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":"15 1","pages":"53-63"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7892529/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25401522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cytogenetic characterisation and chromosomal mapping of microsatellite and telomeric repeats in two gecko species (Reptilia, Gekkonidae) from Thailand.","authors":"Weera Thongnetr, Surachest Aiumsumang, Rodjarin Kongkaew, Alongklod Tanomtong, Chatmongkon Suwannapoom, Sumalee Phimphan","doi":"10.3897/CompCytogen.v15i1.58208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/CompCytogen.v15i1.58208","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Studies of chromosomes of <i>Cyrtodactylus jarujini</i> Ulber, 1993 and <i>C. doisuthep</i> Kunya et al., 2014 to compare microsatellite and TTAGGG sequences by classical and molecular techniques were conducted in Thailand. Karyological typing from a conventional staining technique of <i>C. jarujini</i> and <i>C. doisuthep</i> showed diploid chromosome numbers of 40 and 34 while the Fundamental Numbers (NF) were 56 in both species. In addition, we created the chromosome formula of the chromosomes of <i>C. jarujini</i> showing that 2n (40) = L<sup>sm</sup> <sub>1</sub> + L<sup>sm</sup> <sub>2</sub> + L<sup>t</sup> <sub>3</sub> + M<sup>m</sup> <sub>1</sub> + M<sup>t</sup> <sub>4</sub> + S<sup>m</sup> <sub>2</sub> + S<sup>a</sup> <sub>2</sub> + S<sup>t</sup> <sub>5</sub> while that of <i>C. doisuthep</i> was 2n (34) = L<sup>sm</sup> <sub>3</sub> + L<sup>m</sup> <sub>2</sub> + L<sup>t</sup> <sub>3</sub> + M<sup>m</sup> <sub>1</sub> + M<sup>t</sup> <sub>2</sub> + S<sup>m</sup> <sub>4</sub> + S<sup>a</sup> <sub>1</sub> + S<sup>t</sup> <sub>1</sub>. Ag-NOR staining revealed NOR-bearing chromosomes in chromosome pairs 13 and 14 in <i>C. jarujini</i>, and in chromosome pairs 9 and 13 in <i>C. doisuthep</i>. This molecular study used the FISH technique, as well as microsatellite probes including (A)<sub>20</sub>, (TA)<sub>15</sub>, (CGG)<sub>10</sub>, (CGG)<sub>10</sub>, (GAA)<sub>10</sub>, (TA)<sub>15</sub> and TTAGGG repeats. The signals showed that the different patterns in each chromosome of the Gekkonids depended on probe types. TTAGGG repeats showed high distribution on centromere and telomere regions, while (A)<sub>20</sub>, (TA)<sub>15</sub>, (CGG)<sub>10</sub>, (CGG)<sub>10</sub>, (GAA)<sub>10</sub> and (TA)<sub>15</sub> bearing dispersed over the whole genomes including chromosomes and some had strong signals on only a pair of homologous chromosomes. These results suggest that the genetic linkages have been highly differentiated between the two species.</p>","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":"15 1","pages":"41-52"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7873012/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25382902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Comparative CytogeneticsPub Date : 2021-01-14eCollection Date: 2021-01-01DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v15.i1.60188
Robert B Angus
{"title":"A re-examination of the West European species of <i>Boreonectes</i> Angus, 2010, with particular reference to <i>B. multilineatus</i> (Falkenström, 1922) (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae).","authors":"Robert B Angus","doi":"10.3897/compcytogen.v15.i1.60188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v15.i1.60188","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The West European species of <i>Boreonectes</i> Angus, 2010 are reviewed. <i>B. multilineatus</i> (Falkenström, 1922) is shown to be widely distributed in the Pyrenees, where it is the only species known to occur. The chromosomes of all five west European species are found to have, in addition their different numbers of chromosomes, differences in the number and locations of secondary constrictions, and in some cases, the number of chromosomes with clear centromeric C-bands. The level of differences between the chromosomes of the species is in stark contrast with the very slight genetic (DNA) differences between them and this suggests that chromosome differentiation may have been a driver of speciation. Two of the species, <i>B. griseostriatus</i> (De Geer, 1774) and <i>B. multilineatus</i>, have distributions extending northwards as far as Arctic Scandinavia. It is pointed out that, while these northern areas now constitute the major portions of their ranges, they must be of fairly recent origins as most of the area would have been covered by ice sheets and therefore not habitable during the glacial maximum of the Last Glaciation. This contrasts with the situation in the area of the Central European mountains where fossil faunas, including <i>Boreonectes</i>, are known. <i>B. griseostriatus</i>, identifiable to species by its parameres, was present in the Woolly Rhinoceros site at Starunia in the Western Ukraine, and this fauna is discussed as well as an English fauna of similar age.</p>","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":"15 1","pages":"23-39"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7819950/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25335222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Comparative CytogeneticsPub Date : 2021-01-04eCollection Date: 2021-01-01DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v15.i1.60347
Vladimir A Lukhtanov, Alexander V Dantchenko
{"title":"Chromosomal and DNA barcode analysis of the <i>Polyommatus</i> (<i>Agrodiaetus</i>) <i>damone</i> (Eversmann, 1841) species complex (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae).","authors":"Vladimir A Lukhtanov, Alexander V Dantchenko","doi":"10.3897/compcytogen.v15.i1.60347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v15.i1.60347","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Polyommatus (Agrodiaetus) damone (Eversmann, 1841) species complex comprises from 5 to 8 species distributed in southeastern Europe and southern Siberia. Here we used chromosomal and DNA-barcode markers in order to test the taxonomic hypotheses previously suggested for this complex. We revealed that all taxa within this group demonstrate chromosomal stasis and share the same or very similar haploid chromosome number (n = 66 or n = 67). This finding is unexpected since the karyotypes are known to be very diverse and species-specific within the other taxa of the subgenus Agrodiaetus Hübner, 1822. Analysis of the mitochondrial gene <i>COI</i> revealed six diverged clusters of individuals within the complex. Each cluster has a specific geographic distribution and is characterized by distinct morphological features in the wing pattern. The clusters mostly (but not always) correlate with traditionally recognized species. As a result of our study, we describe a new subspecies P. (A.) iphigenides zarmitanus<b>subsp. nov</b>. from Uzbekistan and Tajikistan and show that the taxon originally described as Lycaena kindermanni var. melania Staudinger, 1886 represents a subspecies P. (A.) iphigenides melanius (Staudinger, 1886). Polyommatus (A.) samusi Korb, 2017 (<b>syn. nov</b>.) and P. (A.) melanius komarovi Korb, 2017 (<b>syn. nov</b>.) are considered here as junior subjective synonyms of P. (A.) iphigenides iphigenides (Staudinger, 1886).</p>","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":"15 1","pages":"1-22"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7801365/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38868383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}