Comparative Cytogenetics最新文献

{"title":"Intraspecies multiple chromosomal variations including rare tandem fusion in the Russian Far Eastern endemic evoron vole <i>Alexandromysevoronensis</i> (Rodentia, Arvicolinae).","authors":"Irina V Kartavtseva,&nbsp;Irina N Sheremetyeva,&nbsp;Marina V Pavlenko","doi":"10.3897/compcytogen.v15.i4.67112","DOIUrl":"10.3897/compcytogen.v15.i4.67112","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The vole <i>Alexandromysevoronensis</i> (Kovalskaya et Sokolov, 1980) with its two chromosomal races, \"Evoron\" (2n = 38-41, NF = 54-59) and \"Argi\" (2n = 34, 36, 37, NF = 51-56) is the endemic vole found in the Russian Far East. For the \"Argi\" chromosomal race, individuals from two isolated populations in mountain regions were investigated here for the first time using GTG-, GTC-, NOR methods. In the area under study, 8 new karyotype variants have been registered. The karyotype with 2n = 34 has a rare tandem fusion of three autosomes: two biarmed (Mev6 and Mev7) and one acrocentric (Mev14) to form a large biarmed chromosome (Mev6/7/14), all of which reveal a heterozygous state. For <i>A.evoronensis</i>, the variation in the number of chromosomes exceeded the known estimate of 2n = 34, 36 and amounted to 2n = 34, 36, 38-41. The combination of all the variations of chromosomes for the species made it possible to describe 20 variants of the <i>A.evoronensis</i> karyotype, with 11 chromosomes being involved in multiple structural rearrangements. In the \"Evoron\" chromosomal race 4 chromosomes (Mev1, Mev4, Mev17, and Mev18) and in the \"Argi\" chromosomal race 9 chromosomes (Mev6, Mev7, Mev14, Mev13, Mev11, Mev15, Mev17, Mev18, and Mev19) were observed. Tandem and Robertsonian rearrangements (Mev17/18 and Mev17.18) were revealed in both chromosomal races \"Evoron\" and \"Argi\".</p>","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":"15 4","pages":"393-411"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8629904/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39720637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High karyotypic variation in <i>Orthemis</i> Hagen, 1861 species, with insights about the neo-XY in <i>Orthemisambinigra</i> Calvert, 1909 (Libellulidae, Odonata).","authors":"Liliana M Mola,&nbsp;María Florencia Fourastié,&nbsp;Silvia Susana Agopian","doi":"10.3897/CompCytogen.v15.i4.68761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/CompCytogen.v15.i4.68761","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The American dragonfly genus <i>Orthemis</i> Hagen, 1861 is mainly found in the Neotropical region. Seven of 28 taxonomically described species have been reported from Argentina. Chromosome studies performed on this genus showed a wide variation in chromosome number and a high frequency of the neoXY chromosomal sex-determination system, although the sexual pair was not observed in all cases. This work analyzes the spermatogenesis of <i>Orthemisdiscolor</i> (Burmeister, 1839), <i>O.nodiplaga</i> Karsch, 1891 and <i>O.ambinigra</i> Calvert, 1909 in individuals from the provinces of Misiones and Buenos Aires, Argentina. <i>Orthemisdiscolor</i> has 2n=23, n=11+X and one larger bivalent. <i>Orthemisnodiplaga</i> exhibits the largest chromosome number of the order, 2n=41, n=20+X and small chromosomes. <i>Orthemisambinigra</i> shows a reduced complement, 2n=12, n=5+neo-XY, large-sized chromosomes, and a homomorphic sex bivalent. Fusions and fragmentations are the main evolutionary mechanisms in Odonata, as well as in other organisms with holokinetic chromosomes. <i>Orthemisnodiplaga</i> would have originated by nine autosomal fragmentations from the ancestral karyotype of the genus (2n=22A+X in males). We argue that the diploid number 23 in <i>Orthemis</i> has a secondary origin from the ancestral karyotype of family Libellulidae (2n=25). The complement of <i>O.ambinigra</i> would have arisen from five autosomal fusions and the insertion of the X chromosome into a fused autosome. C-banding and DAPI/CMA₃ staining allowed the identification of the sexual bivalent, which revealed the presence of constitutive heterochromatin. We propose that the chromosome with intermediate C-staining intensity and three medial heterochromatic regions corresponds to the neo-Y and that the neo-system of this species has an ancient evolutionary origin. Moreover, we discuss on the mechanisms involved in the karyotypic evolution of this genus, the characteristics of the neo sex-determining systems and the patterns of heterochromatin distribution, quantity and base pair richness.</p>","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":"15 4","pages":"355-374"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8580954/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39643911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The <i>Kengyiliahirsuta</i> karyotype polymorphisms as revealed by FISH with tandem repeats and single-gene probes.","authors":"Xiaoyan Tao, Bo Liu, Quanwen Dou","doi":"10.3897/compcytogen.v15.i4.71525","DOIUrl":"10.3897/compcytogen.v15.i4.71525","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Kengyiliahirsuta</i> (Keng, 1959) J. L. Yang, C. Yen et B. R. Baum, 1992, a perennial hexaploidy species, is a wild relative species to wheat with great potential for wheat improvement and domestication. The genome structure and cross-species homoeology of <i>K.hirsuta</i> chromosomes with wheat were assayed using 14 single-gene probes covering all seven homoeologous groups, and four repetitive sequence probes 45S rDNA, 5S rDNA, pAs1, and (AAG)₁₀ by FISH. Each chromosome of <i>K.hirsuta</i> was well characterized by homoeological determination and repeats distribution patterns. The synteny of chromosomes was strongly conserved in the St genome, whereas synteny of the Y and P genomes was more distorted. The collinearity of 1Y, 2Y, 3Y and 7Y might be interrupted in the Y genome. A new 5S rDNA site on 2Y might be translocated from 1Y. The short arm of 3Y might involve translocated segments from 7Y. The 7 Y was identified as involving a pericentric inversion. A reciprocal translocation between 2P and 4P, and tentative structural aberrations in the subtelomeric region of 1PL and 4PL, were observed in the P genome. Chromosome polymorphisms, which were mostly characterized by repeats amplification and deletion, varied between chromosomes, genomes, and different populations. However, two translocations involving a P genome segmental in 3YL and a non-Robertsonial reciprocal translocation between 4Y and 3P were identified in two independent populations. Moreover, the proportion of heterozygous karyotypes reached almost 35% in all materials, and almost 80% in the specific population. These results provide new insights into the genome organization of <i>K.hirsuta</i> and will facilitate genome dissection and germplasm utilization of this species.</p>","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":"15 4","pages":"375-392"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8580955/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39643912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Derived karyotypes in two elephantfish genera (<i>Hyperopisus</i> and <i>Pollimyrus</i>): lowest chromosome number in the family Mormyridae (Osteoglossiformes).","authors":"Sergey Simanovsky,&nbsp;Dmitry Medvedev,&nbsp;Fekadu Tefera,&nbsp;Alexander Golubtsov","doi":"10.3897/compcytogen.v15.i4.67681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v15.i4.67681","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The African weakly electric elephantfish family Mormyridae comprises 22 genera and almost 230 species. Up-to-date cytogenetic information was available for 17 species representing 14 genera. Here we report chromosome number and morphology in <i>Hyperopisusbebe</i> (Lacepède, 1803) and <i>Pollimyrusisidori</i> (Valenciennes, 1847) collected from the White Nile system in southwestern Ethiopia. Both taxa displayed the diploid chromosome number 2n = 40, but they differed in fundamental numbers: FN = 66 in <i>H.bebe</i> and FN = 72 in <i>P.isidori</i>; previously the same diploid chromosome number 2n = 40 was reported in an undescribed species of <i>Pollimyrus</i> Taverne, 1971 (FN = 42) from the same region. Our results demonstrate that not only pericentric inversions, but fusions also played a substantial role in the evolution of the mormyrid karyotype structure. If the hypothesis that the karyotype structure with 2n = 50-52 and prevalence of the uni-armed chromosomes close to the ancestral condition for the family Mormyridae is correct, the most derived karyotype structures are found in the <i>Mormyrus</i> Linnaeus, 1758 species with 2n = 50 and the highest number of bi-armed elements in their compliments compared to all other mormyrids and in <i>Pollimyrusisidori</i> with the highest number of bi-armed elements among the mormyrids with 2n = 40.</p>","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":"15 4","pages":"345-354"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8520028/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39668086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The chiasmata systems of Scottish <i>Chysolinalatecincta</i> (Demaison, 1896) (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae).","authors":"Eduard Petitpierre","doi":"10.3897/CompCytogen.v15.i4.68309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/CompCytogen.v15.i4.68309","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The meiotic systems of some Scottish individuals of the rare Chrysolinalatecinctassp.intermedia (Franz, 1938) have been analyzed from meiotic cells at diakinesis to study the types of chromosomal bivalents and the number and locations of their chiasmata. The mean number of unichiasmate was about two-thirds and that of bichiasmate bivalents about one-third. Most chiasmata were at distal positions and there were no pairwise statistically significant differences in the mean number of chiasmata and those of unichiasmate and bichiasmate bivalents between the three surveyed geographic sources of these Scottish individuals. However, pairwise significant differences were found in the mean number of proximal + interstitial chiasmata between Loch Etive (Argyllshire) and both Orkney and Shetland Islands individuals. The presumed higher values of genetic recombination due to the proximal + interstitial chiasmata with regard to the prevailing distal ones, might provide a slight selective advantage to the insular individuals against the more extreme climates of both islands compared with the Loch Etive site.</p>","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":"15 4","pages":"339-343"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8516821/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39668082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of chromatin diminution in <i>Cyclopskolensis</i> (Copepoda, Crustacea) by radiobiological methods.","authors":"Andrey Grishanin,&nbsp;Oksana Chinyakova","doi":"10.3897/CompCytogen.v15.i4.64350","DOIUrl":"10.3897/CompCytogen.v15.i4.64350","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The experimental results show that at doses of 20 Gy and 100 Gy, the development of <i>Cyclopskolensis</i> Lilljeborg, 1901 (Copepoda, Cyclopoida) embryos ceases at the 16-cell stage, without affecting the course of chromatin diminution. A dose of 200 Gy terminated the process of chromatin diminution in some of the embryos. These results support the hypothesis that cytoplasmic factors in the egg play an important role in the process of chromatin diminution.</p>","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":"15 4","pages":"329-338"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8516822/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39668079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of chromosome numbers and sex chromosome systems in Paraneoptera (Insecta).","authors":"Valentina G Kuznetsova, Ilya A Gavrilov-Zimin, Snejana M Grozeva, Natalia V Golub","doi":"10.3897/CompCytogen.v15.i3.71866","DOIUrl":"10.3897/CompCytogen.v15.i3.71866","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article is part (the 4^th article) of the themed issue (a monograph) \"Aberrant cytogenetic and reproductive patterns in the evolution of Paraneoptera\". The purpose of this article is to consider chromosome structure and evolution, chromosome numbers and sex chromosome systems, which all together constitute the chromosomal basis of reproduction and are essential for reproductive success. We are based on our own observations and literature data available for all major lineages of Paraneoptera including Zoraptera (angel insects), Copeognatha (=Psocoptera; bark lice), Parasita (=Phthiraptera s. str; true lice), Thysanoptera (thrips), Homoptera (scale insects, aphids, jumping plant-lice, whiteflies, and true hoppers), Heteroptera (true bugs), and Coleorrhyncha (moss bugs). Terminology, nomenclature, classification, and the study methods are given in the first paper of the issue (Gavrilov-Zimin et al. 2021).</p>","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":"15 3","pages":"279-327"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8490342/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39493816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aberrant ontogeneses and life cycles in Paraneoptera.","authors":"Ilya A Gavrilov-Zimin","doi":"10.3897/compcytogen.v15.i3.70362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v15.i3.70362","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The paper is a third part of the themed issue \"Aberrant cytogenetic and reproductive patterns in the evolution of Paraneoptera\", prepared by a Russian-Bulgarian research team on the basis of long-term collaborative studies. This chapter reviews different peculiar aberrations in the ontogenesis of Paraneoptera, such as the appearance of the quiescent apodal and/or arostrate instars, exuviatrial, pupillarial and pseudopupillarial development, cyclic parthenogenesis, etc. The material and methods, terminology and the nomenclature of the used taxonomic names are listed in the first chapter of the issue (Gavrilov-Zimin et al. 2021).</p>","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":"15 3","pages":"253-277"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8410755/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39385718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Egg retention, viviparity and ovoviviparity in Paraneoptera","authors":"Ilya A. Gavrilov-Zimin","doi":"10.3897/compcytogen.v15.i3.70216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v15.i3.70216","url":null,"abstract":"This article is a second part of the themed issue “Aberrant cytogenetic and reproductive patterns in the evolution of Paraneoptera insects”, prepared by the Russian-Bulgarian research team. Here, analysis of aberrations related to the egg development is provided based on literature data and the author’s own investigations. Evolutionary aspects of ovoviviparity/viviparity are also briefly discussed. Material and methods, terminology and nomenclature of taxonomic names are listed in the first paper of the issue (Gavrilov-Zimin et al. 2021).","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138528488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Egg retention, viviparity and ovoviviparity in Paraneoptera.","authors":"Ilya A Gavrilov-Zimin","doi":"10.3897/CompCytogen.v15i3.70216","DOIUrl":"10.3897/CompCytogen.v15i3.70216","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article is a second part of the themed issue \"Aberrant cytogenetic and reproductive patterns in the evolution of Paraneoptera insects\", prepared by the Russian-Bulgarian research team. Here, analysis of aberrations related to the egg development is provided based on literature data and the author's own investigations. Evolutionary aspects of ovoviviparity/viviparity are also briefly discussed. Material and methods, terminology and nomenclature of taxonomic names are listed in the first paper of the issue (Gavrilov-Zimin et al. 2021).</p>","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":"15 3","pages":"239-252"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8354988/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39324634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}