Comparative Cytogenetics最新文献

{"title":"Genome survey and chromosome number determination of <i>Polygala fallax</i> (Polygalaceae), an endemic medicinal plant from southern China.","authors":"Lin Fu, Ziyue Liu, Lina Han, Ting Zhang, Yan Jiang, Denis A Krivenko, Jin Hu, Hongfeng Chen, Lei Duan","doi":"10.3897/compcytogen.20.184176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.20.184176","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Polygala fallax</i> Hemsley, 1886 is a perennial herb of the family Polygalaceae. Because of its antioxidant, anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties, it is regarded as a traditional medicinal plant in China with high economic value. Although this species has significant medicinal and health benefits, cytological research on it remains very limited. In the present study, the genome size and chromosome number of <i>P. fallax</i> were determined through k-mer analysis, flow cytometry, and cytogenetics. Firstly, a genome survey was conducted using Illumina NovaSeq 6000 DNA sequencing. K-mer analysis revealed that the genome size of <i>P. fallax</i> was approximately 2199.64 Mb (ca. 2.20 Gb), the heterozygosity rate was about 1.11%, and the proportion of repeated sequences was about 73.61%. As for flow cytometry analysis, <i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> Linnaeus, 1753 was used as internal standard species, and the 2C-DNA value of <i>P. fallax</i> is 2.49 Gb. We counted the chromosome number of <i>P. fallax</i> using a common cytogenetic method, and the result showed a chromosome number of 2n = 40. This comprehensive study offers a foundation for subsequent whole-genome sequencing of <i>P. fallax</i>, contributing valuable insights into its genetic characteristics and providing genomic information for further research on the synthesis mechanisms of its medicinal secondary metabolites, species conservation, and sustainable utilization.</p>","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":"20 ","pages":"127-139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13103666/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147788056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Additional data of cryptic species of the blind mole rat (<i>Nannospalax</i>, Rodentia) (2n = 52, NF = 84) from the Eastern Anatolia Region of Türkiye.","authors":"Gökhan Yürümez","doi":"10.3897/compcytogen.20.185104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.20.185104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, five blind mole rat specimens of the <i>Nannospalax</i> sp. were collected from two different localities in Muş Province, Eastern Anatolia, Türkiye. Cytogenetic analyses of these specimens revealed that the diploid chromosome number, the fundamental chromosome number, and the number of autosomal arms were 2n = 52, NF = 84 and NFa = 80, respectively. The X chromosome was medium-sized and submetacentric, while the Y chromosome was small and acrocentric. Active nucleolus organizer regions (NORs) were observed on the telomeric regions of three bi-armed autosomal pairs in all examined specimens. This study presents new karyological data regarding the blind mole rat with 2n = 52 chromosomes distributed in the Eastern Anatolia region from Türkiye.</p>","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":"20 ","pages":"115-126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13047374/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147624511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytogenetic analysis of some species of <i>Cyphomyrmex</i> Mayr, 1862 and <i>Apterostigma</i> Mayr, 1865 (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) from the Guiana Shield.","authors":"Rodrigo Batista Lod, Luísa Antônia Campos Barros, Linda Inês Silveira, Esthefanne de Araújo Leitão, Gisele Amaro Teixeira, Hilton Jeferson Alves Cardoso de Aguiar","doi":"10.3897/compcytogen.20.175870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.20.175870","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ants are present in different environments and regions of the planet, showing little-known biodiversity in the Neotropics, especially among fungus-growing ants (the subtribe Attina). Recent studies seek to combine morphological analysis with other methods, such as cytogenetics, to better define and differentiate species. In this sense, cytogenetic analyses have been important for the study of ants, characterizing chromosome number and morphology, and mapping rDNA genes and microsatellites, which generate important information about the evolution and taxonomy in Attina species. In the Amazon region, there are still few studies that include cytogenetics in their research. In this study, we cytogenetically characterized five fungus-growing ants, belonging to the genera &lt;i&gt;Cyphomyrmex&lt;/i&gt; Mayr, 1862 and &lt;i&gt;Apterostigma&lt;/i&gt; Mayr, 1865, from the northernmost region of Amapá state within the Guiana Shield region of Brazil. The nests were captured by active search, and the larvae had their brain ganglia extracted to provide metaphase chromosomes. The karyotypes were determined using Giemsa or DAPI staining, and 18S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and (GA)&lt;sub&gt;n&lt;/sub&gt; microsatellite repetitive sequences were physically mapped with FISH technique with specific probes. &lt;i&gt;Cyphomyrmex transversus&lt;/i&gt; Emery, 1894 had 2n = 24 chromosomes (18m+6sm) and &lt;i&gt;Cyphomyrmex laevigatus&lt;/i&gt; Weber, 1938 n = 7, all metacentrics. In both species, the rDNA clusters were restricted to a single chromosome pair. In &lt;i&gt;C. transversus&lt;/i&gt; the rDNA clusters were mapped to the long arm of the larger submetacentric chromosome pair, while in &lt;i&gt;C. laevigatus&lt;/i&gt; they were on the short arm of the fifth chromosome (haploid individuals). These data are aligned to &lt;i&gt;Cyphomyrmex&lt;/i&gt; species previously studied from this region. Although the FISH protocol was successfully applied to &lt;i&gt;Cyphomyrmex&lt;/i&gt; species, it was unable to localize rDNA sites in the chromosomes of all three &lt;i&gt;Apterostigma&lt;/i&gt; species, suggesting that methodological adjustments are required for an effective application to this genus. In &lt;i&gt;Apterostigma&lt;/i&gt;, the largest chromosome number of the genus was identified in &lt;i&gt;Apterostigma tropicoxa&lt;/i&gt; Lattke, 1997, with 2n = 54 chromosomes, while &lt;i&gt;A. jubatum&lt;/i&gt; Wheeler, 1925 and &lt;i&gt;A. andense&lt;/i&gt; Lattke, 1997 had 2n = 22 and n = 11 respectively but were strikingly diverse in their karyotype configurations. In &lt;i&gt;C. laevigatus&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;C. transversus&lt;/i&gt; the microsatellite (GA)&lt;sub&gt;n&lt;/sub&gt; clusters were scattered on all chromosomes. While &lt;i&gt;A. jubatum&lt;/i&gt; also had a scattered distribution pattern of this microsatellite on all chromosomes, the other &lt;i&gt;Apterostigma&lt;/i&gt; species showed more complex patterns. In &lt;i&gt;A. andense&lt;/i&gt; these microsatellite sequences were more concentrated at the ends of some chromosomes, while in &lt;i&gt;Apterostigma tropicoxa&lt;/i&gt; they were almost absent in the short arms of several submetacentric and subtelocentric chromosomes. The cytogenetic data for ","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":"20 ","pages":"99-113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13044544/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147624473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The forbidden doubling: exploring rare spermatocyte polyploidy in mammals.","authors":"Sergey Matveevsky, Oxana Kolomiets, Tatiana Grishaeva, Aleksey Bogdanov, Valentina Tambovtseva, Irina Bakloushinskaya","doi":"10.3897/compcytogen.20.177662","DOIUrl":"10.3897/compcytogen.20.177662","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We first studied several rare cases of over-diploid spermatocyte emergence using advanced immunocytochemical methods and a cross-species approach in subterranean rodents <i>Ellobius tancrei</i> (Blasius, 1884), <i>E. alaicus</i> Vorontsov et al., 1969, <i>E. talpinus</i> (Pallas, 1770), and <i>Nannospalax leucodon</i> (Nordmann, 1840) (all belong to the order Rodentia). The tetraploid spermatocytes exhibited specific features during meiotic prophase I, including symmetric and asymmetric chromosome quadrivalents with partner-switching, extended asynapsis, altered recombination patterns, and variable chromatin inactivation. These anomalies suggest that meiotic checkpoints, which are potentially triggered by failed synapsis or incomplete sex chromosome silencing, may act to prevent progression of polyploid spermatocytes. However, the quadrivalents assembled shelterin complexes at chromosome ends, as observed in <i>E. talpinus</i>, and these ends were connected to the nuclear envelope through the linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex, as observed in <i>E. alaicus</i>, similarly to normal spermatocytes.</p>","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":"20 ","pages":"67-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12859646/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146108491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the anniversary of Professor, Dr. Sci. Valentina G. Kuznetsova, Editor-in-Chief of the journal \"<i>Comparative Cytogenetics</i>\".","authors":"Natalia V Golub, Vladimir A Lukhtanov, Natalia S Khabazova, Boris A Anokhin, Nazar A Shapoval, Galina N Shapoval, Ilya A Gavrilov-Zimin","doi":"10.3897/compcytogen.20.182675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.20.182675","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The article is dedicated to the anniversary of Professor, Dr. Sci. Valentina G. Kuznetsova, Editor-in-Chief and co-founder of the journal \"Comparative Cytogenetics\". V. Kuznetsova is the principal researcher at the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Head of the Department of Karyosystematics. Under her leadership, many Russian and foreign cytogeneticists have successfully defended their dissertations. Today, Valentina Kuznetsova is one of the world's leading experts in the field of comparative cytogenetics and karyosystematics of insects. The list of her publications includes 200 scientific articles, chapters in books and collective monographs.</p>","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":"20 ","pages":"43-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12856482/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146108466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seven new karyotypes for subfamily Cercosaurinae (Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae) with a synthesis of chromosomal data.","authors":"Lucas S F Rachid, Yatiyo Yonenaga-Yassuda, Miguel Trefaut Rodrigues, Katia Cristina Machado Pellegrino","doi":"10.3897/compcytogen.20.170539","DOIUrl":"10.3897/compcytogen.20.170539","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gymnophthalmidae is a monophyletic family of currently 297 Neotropical lizard species. Over the past 25 years, molecular studies have redefined previous morphology-based classifications, confirming the family's monophyly and revealing three major clades plus Rachisaurinae: ((Riolaminae(Rachisaurinae(Gymnophthalminae)))(Cercosaurinae)). Despite increased taxonomic efforts, especially in the tribes Bachiini and Cercosaurini, of Cercosaurinae, cytogenetic data remain limited. Of over 200 species in these tribes, only three had published karyotypes. Here, we provide new karyotypic data for seven species of Cercosaurini using standard cytogenetic techniques (Ag-NOR, C- and RBG-banding). Diploid numbers ranged from 2n = 32 in <i>Bachia dorbignyi</i> (Duméril et Bibron, 1839) to 2n = 58 in <i>Placosoma glabellum</i> (Peters, 1870). Almost all species displayed karyotypes composed of macro- and microchromosomes, that varied in morphology. Ag-NORs were observed on macro- or microchromosomes in several species, with notable variability in <i>Bachia bresslaui</i> (Amaral, 1935). Constitutive heterochromatin was mostly restricted to centromeric or telomeric regions. In <i>Bachia dorbignyi</i>, we found a putative XX:XY system due to the presence of a dot-like microchromosome exclusively in male specimens. These results comprise the threefold amount of cytogenetic data available for Bachiini and Cercosaurini and help fill a major gap into our understanding of diversity and chromosome evolution within Gymnophthalmidae.</p>","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":"20 ","pages":"21-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12811752/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145999629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phylogenetic conservation and diversification of 18S rDNA loci in leaf-cutting ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae): insights from molecular validation and chromosomal mapping using FISH.","authors":"Danon Clemes Cardoso, Maykon Passos Cristiano","doi":"10.3897/compcytogen.20.162616","DOIUrl":"10.3897/compcytogen.20.162616","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ribosomal DNA (rDNA) clusters are important cytogenetic markers that can inform both taxonomic delimitation and chromosomal evolution in ants. In this study, we molecularly characterize and validate the widely used 18S rDNA probe applied in cytogenetic studies of Hymenoptera and provide new FISH-based chromosomal data for two previously unstudied leaf-cutting ant species (<i>Acromyrmex ambiguus</i> (Emery, 1888) and <i>Ac. crassispinus</i> (Forel, 1909)). While the general distribution of 45S rDNA loci in leafcutting is relatively well documented (copy number and site), we expand the comparative framework by testing the phylogenetic structure of rDNA positioning across genera. Our results confirm the conserved number of rDNA loci per species but reveal lineage-specific variation in chromosomal location, including both subterminal and pericentromeric arrangements. Phylogenetic signal analyses suggest non-random patterns consistent with evolutionary constraints in locus positioning. Together, our findings refine current cytogenetic models for leafcutting ants and demonstrate the utility of rDNA as a cytotaxonomic character and evolutionary marker for assessing chromosomal diversification.</p>","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":"20 ","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12796941/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145971477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Chironomus</i> sp. J - an elusive species from the <i>Chironomus plumosus</i> (Linnaeus, 1758) sibling-species group (Diptera, Chironomidae).","authors":"Veronika V Golygina","doi":"10.3897/compcytogen.19.172398","DOIUrl":"10.3897/compcytogen.19.172398","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Data on chromosomal polymorphism in two natural populations from the Inya River in Western Siberia (Novosibirsk province) of <i>Chironomus</i> sp. J (Kiknadze, 1991) -one of the sibling species from the <i>Chironomus plumosus</i> group - are presented for the first time. The species belongs to the \"thummi\" cytocomplex with 2n = 8 and the arm's combination AB CD EF G and is closely related to <i>Ch. nudiventris</i> Ryser, Scholl et Wülker, 1983, which has 2n = 6 with the arm's combination AB CD GEF (a modified \"thummi\" cytocomplex). The main difference between these two species is the number of chromosomes, apart from that they only differ by the frequencies of banding sequences in arm A, and the presence or absence of some polymorphic inversions. The banding sequence pool of <i>Chironomus</i> sp. J consists of 15 banding sequences. Inversions were found in five chromosomal arms - A, B, D, E, F. The most polymorphic arms were B and D. Two studied populations differed by the level of chromosomal polymorphism with one population being completely monomorphic and the other showing high level of polymorphism with 62-65% of heterozygotes and 0.83-0.88 heterozygotic inversion per larva (depending on the year of collection). Comparison of banding sequences to other species from the group showed that <i>Chironomus</i> sp. J is indeed closest to <i>Ch. nudiventris</i>, with the cytogenetic distance of 0.058 or 0.471 depending on the method of calculation, which indicates that these two species are very closely related. The relationship between <i>Chironomus</i> sp. J and other species from the <i>Ch. plumosus</i> group was discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":"19 ","pages":"209-219"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12661330/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145649941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative cytogenetics among populations of two <i>Bothriurus</i> species (Scorpiones, Bothriuridae).","authors":"Juliana F de Lima, Marielle C Schneider, Leonardo S Carvalho, Ricardo Pinto-da-Rocha","doi":"10.3897/compcytogen.19.165160","DOIUrl":"10.3897/compcytogen.19.165160","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Bothriurus</i> Peters, 1861 is one of the most diverse genera within the family Bothriuridae. However, to date, only five species have been analyzed using a cytogenetic approach. In this study, for the first time, two populations of <i>Bothriurus asper</i> Pocock, 1893 and nine populations of <i>Bothriurus rochai</i> Mello-Leitão, 1932, two species from northeastern Brazil, were analyzed with respect to diploid number, chromosomal behavior during meiosis, and the localization of heterochromatin and nucleolus organizer regions (NORs). For <i>B. asper</i>, a diploid number of 2n = 30 was recorded in geographically distant populations, whereas <i>B. rochai</i> exhibited intraspecific variation in diploid number (2n = 16 and 2n = 18), representing the lowest diploid numbers ever reported for the family Bothriuridae. Despite the variability in diploid number, the number and localization of NORs remained stable among the populations of <i>B. rochai</i>. When comparing heterochromatin patterns between the two species, larger blocks of constitutive heterochromatin were observed in <i>B. asper</i> than in <i>B. rochai</i>. Variation in the amount of heterochromatin among populations of <i>B. rochai</i> was also observed; in this case, the population with the lowest amount of heterochromatin also exhibited the greatest variation in post-pachytene cell configurations. This is the first study to cytogenetically analyze multiple populations of species within the genus <i>Bothriurus</i>, and it significantly expands the karyotypic information available for scorpions with monocentric chromosomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":"19 ","pages":"189-208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12635637/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145589534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative cytogenetics of the <i>Physalaemus gracilis</i> group (Anura, Leptodactylidae) with characterization of the karyotype of <i>Physalaemus evangelistai</i> Bokermann, 1967.","authors":"Pedro Henrique Pacheco Mosquini, Lucas Henrique Bonfim Souza, Juan Martín Ferro, Luciana Bolsoni Lourenço","doi":"10.3897/compcytogen.19.171637","DOIUrl":"10.3897/compcytogen.19.171637","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The anuran species group <i>Physalaemus gracilis</i> comprises six species, and variation in the location of nucleolus organizer regions (NORs) was observed across the four species that have been karyotyped to date. The NORs are located interstitially on chromosome 8 of <i>P. carrizorum</i> Cardozo et Pereyra, 2018, and <i>P. lisei</i> Braun et Braun, 1977, terminally on chromosome 8 of <i>P. gracilis</i> (Boulenger, 1883), and terminally on chromosome 10 of <i>P. barrioi</i> Bokermann, 1967. To contribute to the comparative analysis of this group, including the assessment of the hypothesis of homology among these NOR-bearing chromosomes, we described the karyotype of <i>P. evangelistai</i> Bokermann, 1967, and expanded the cytogenetic analyses of <i>P. carrizorum</i>, <i>P. lisei</i>, and <i>P. barrioi</i>. We used classical cytogenetic techniques and mapped, by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), two repetitive sequences: the PcP190 satellite DNA and the U2 snRNA gene. <i>Physalaemus evangelistai</i> exhibited a 2n = 22 karyotype, with meta- and submetacentric chromosomes, which corresponds to the typical karyotypic configuration of the genus. We found an interstitial heterochromatin DAPI-positive band on the short arm of the NOR-bearing chromosomes 8 of <i>P. evangelistai</i> and <i>P. carrizorum</i> from Palmas-PR, and chromosome 10 of <i>P. barrioi</i>, which corroborates the hypothesis that these chromosomes are homologous. In <i>P. evangelistai</i>, an additional NOR was observed on chromosome 9 of females. Moreover, the karyotype of <i>P. carrizorum</i> from Palmas-PR differed from that previously described for <i>P. carrizorum</i> from Misiones, particularly in the number of PcP190 clusters and intrachromosomal position of the NOR on chromosome 8. Specimens from Palmas-PR showed a terminal NOR on chromosome 8 and PcP190 clusters on chromosomes 1 and 3, whereas those from Misiones had an interstitial/pericentromeric NOR on chromosome 8 and a single PcP190 cluster on chromosome 3. Further analyses are still needed to assess whether these cytogenetic differences represent interspecific variation.</p>","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":"19 ","pages":"171-188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12619069/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145543836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}