Comparative Cytogenetics最新文献

{"title":"Preliminary karyotypic data on the Nile pufferfish <i>Tetraodon lineatus</i> (Tetraodontidae).","authors":"Alexandra Yu Skuratovskaya, Julia S Jukova, Fekadu Tefera, Sergey A Simanovsky, Alexander S Golubtsov","doi":"10.3897/compcytogen.20.212458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.20.212458","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The family Tetraodontidae comprises 193 valid species of teleost fish distributed in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. Available cytogenetic information for 31 species indicates extensive variability in diploid chromosome number (2n) ranging from 28 to 46. Here, we present the preliminary cytogenetic characteristics of <i>Tetraodon lineatus</i> Linnaeus, 1758, the type species of <i>Tetraodon</i> Linnaeus, 1758, which is the type genus of the family. The karyotype of a single male of <i>T. lineatus</i> from the White Nile Basin in Ethiopia comprised 12 metacentric/submetacentric and 28 subtelocentric/acrocentric chromosomes (2n = 40, FN = 52). These data are briefly compared with the available cytogenetic information on other tetraodontid genera, summarized according to the current taxonomic classification.</p>","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":"20 ","pages":"235-243"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13717472/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149301665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Triploid parthenogenetic female <i>Helophorus brevipalpis</i> Bedel, 1881 (Coleoptera, Helophoridae) near Oslo, Norway.","authors":"Robert B Angus","doi":"10.3897/compcytogen.20.213474","DOIUrl":"10.3897/compcytogen.20.213474","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Triploid female <i>Helophorus brevipalpis</i> Bedel, 1881 are recorded from one locality near Oslo, Norway. Analysis of their karyotypes using both conventional Giemsa staining and C-banding reveals a chromosomal arrangement similar to that shown by English diploid material and different from the arrangements shown by known parthenogenetic populations in Spain, France and Italy, indicating that this parthenogenesis has evolved independently.</p>","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":"20 ","pages":"229-234"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13669956/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149217126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Karyotype characterization and cytogenetic diversity of <i>Medicago sativa</i> L. (Leguminosae) populations from the Lake Region of Türkiye.","authors":"Derya Güloğlu","doi":"10.3897/compcytogen.20.205237","DOIUrl":"10.3897/compcytogen.20.205237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Medicago sativa</i> Linnaeus, 1753 (Leguminosae) is a globally important autotetraploid forage crop with a complex genome. Local populations adapted to specific ecological niches, such as those in Türkiye's Lake Region, represent valuable genetic resources for breeding. However, their cytogenetic diversity remains poorly characterized. This study aimed to perform detailed karyotype analyses of eight alfalfa populations from this region to assess chromosome number, morphology, asymmetry, and structural variants. Root tips from eight populations collected from Afyonkarahisar, Burdur, Isparta, and Konya provinces were analyzed using aceto-iron-hematoxylin staining and the squash technique. Chromosome measurements, arm ratios, centromeric indices, karyotype formulas, and asymmetry indices (intrachromosomal A1 and interchromosomal A2) were determined. Descriptive parameters (TF%, DRL, DI) and clustering analyses were used to compare cytogenetic diversity among populations. In accordance with current karyomorphological recommendations, mean centromeric asymmetry (MCA), coefficient of variation of chromosome length (CVCL), and coefficient of variation of centromeric index (CVCI) were additionally reconstructed from the chromosome-pair mean measurements reported in the paper. All populations were confirmed as autotetraploid (2n = 4x = 32). Karyotypes consisted predominantly of metacentric chromosomes, with fewer submetacentrics, and all possessed four satellite chromosomes. Reconstructed MCA ranged from 11.86% (Bolvadin-3) to 15.36% (Yalvaç-3), CVCL ranged from 8.81% (Akşehir-2) to 12.69% (Bolvadin-3), and CVCI ranged from 7.77% (Bucak-2) to 11.63% (Yalvaç-3). A1 ranged from 0.208 (Bolvadin-3) to 0.258 (Hüyük-2), and A2 ranged from 0.096 (Yeşilova-3) to 0.149 (Hüyük-2). B-chromosomes (2n = 32 + 2B) were detected exclusively in Bucak-2, and heteromorphic chromosome pairs were observed in Hüyük-2 and Uluborlu-1. Hüyük-2 remained the most structurally distinctive population because of its high A1 and A2 values, heteromorphic chromosome pair, enlarged satellite, and Stebbins 2C classification. Cluster analysis based on asymmetry indices separated Hüyük-2 as a distinct, highly asymmetric group. Substantial cytogenetic diversity exists among Turkish Lake Region alfalfa populations, including rare features such as B-chromosomes and heteromorphic pairs. These findings highlight the value of local germplasm as genetic resources for conservation and breeding. The Hüyük-2 population, with its highly asymmetric karyotype, is particularly noteworthy for further evolutionary and applied studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":"20 ","pages":"207-228"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13601921/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149041807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First karyotype description of the Indochinese shrew <i>Crocidura indochinensis</i> Robinson et Kloss, 1922 (Mammalia, Eulipotyphla, Soricidae) from Yunnan, China.","authors":"Jiayu Jin, Jing Dai, Jianping Ye","doi":"10.3897/compcytogen.20.191955","DOIUrl":"10.3897/compcytogen.20.191955","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The small-sized <i>Crocidura horsfieldii</i> (Tomes, 1856) species complex, comprising <i>C. watasei</i> (Kuroda, 1924), <i>C. tadae</i> (Tokuda et Kano, 1936), <i>C. kurodai</i> (Jameson et Jones, 1977), <i>C. wuchihensis</i> (Wang, 1966), and <i>C. indochinensis</i> (Robinson et Kloss, 1922), has long been the subject of taxonomic confusion in the literature. Here, we report for the first time the karyotype of female <i>C. indochinensis</i> from Yongde Snow Mountain, based on conventional Giemsa staining and the GTG-banding technique. <i>C. indochinensis</i> has 2n = 38 and FN = 56. The autosomes consist of four metacentric or submetacentric pairs, four subtelocentric pairs, and ten acrocentric pairs, whereas the X chromosome is a medium-sized submetacentric. Our results demonstrate that the karyotype of <i>C. indochinensis</i> differs markedly in 2n and FN from those of <i>C. horsfieldii</i>, <i>C. watasei</i>, <i>C. tadae</i> and <i>C. kurodai</i>, providing further evidence for the distinct species status of <i>C. indochinensis</i> within this complex. Furthermore, comparative analysis of the G-banded chromosomes of <i>C. indochinensis</i> and <i>C. dsinezumi</i> revealed a high degree of karyotypic homology, with their karyotypes differing primarily by a single fusion/fission event and a centromeric shift or a pericentric inversion, thereby enhancing our understanding of karyotype evolution within the genus <i>Crocidura</i> Wagler, 1832.</p>","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":"20 ","pages":"195-205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13555133/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148921768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Karyotypic diversity in the Gobiidae: A comparative analysis of two Atlantic species.","authors":"Paulo Augusto de Lima-Filho, Gideão Wagner Werneck Félix da Costa, Simião Alefe Soares da Silva, Wagner Franco Molina","doi":"10.3897/compcytogen.20.206266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.20.206266","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gobies (family Gobiidae) rank among the most diverse of all marine fish families. Although the cytogenetics of these small, ubiquitous fish is still a young field, studies on Atlantic species, despite their limited number, have already revealed a remarkable level of karyotypic variation. This karyotype diversity has provided critical evidence for discovering new species, uncovering population structures, identifying sex chromosomes, and pinpointing major shifts in repetitive DNA. This study presents the first chromosomal characterization of two Atlantic goby species, <i>Coryphopterus glaucofraenum</i> (Gill, 1863) and <i>Evorthodus lyricus</i> (Girard, 1858), using classical cytogenetics and base-specific fluorochrome staining. Our analyses revealed a striking divergence in their karyotypes. <i>Evorthodus lyricus</i> exhibited a karyotype of 2n = 46 (FN = 92), whereas <i>C. glaucofraenum</i> presented 2n = 40 (FN = 42), indicating significant differences in both chromosome and fundamental number (FN). These cytogenetic patterns, combined with existing data for the family, reinforce the high karyotypic diversity within Gobiidae and suggest a relationship between speciation processes and chromosomal modifications in the diversification of this family.</p>","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":"20 ","pages":"187-194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13491010/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148801144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Telomeric repeat diversity across Nepomorpha (Hemiptera, Heteroptera) revealed by whole-genome sequencing data.","authors":"Desislava Stoianova, Gayane Karagyan, Snejana Grozeva","doi":"10.3897/compcytogen.20.198500","DOIUrl":"10.3897/compcytogen.20.198500","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Telomeric sequences in the insect infraorder Nepomorpha (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) have previously been characterized only in the basal superfamily Nepoidea, where the canonical arthropod motif (TTAGG)n was confirmed by fluorescence <i>in situ</i> hybridization (FISH). The telomeric repeat composition of the remaining Nepomorpha superfamilies remained unknown. Using TREW, a tool for <i>de novo</i> identification of candidate telomeric sequences from short-read whole-genome sequencing data, we screened 32 publicly available NCBI datasets representing 24 genera and all 13 Nepomorpha families. The method was validated against species with known (TTAGG)n telomeres in Nepoidea, successfully recovering the expected motif. In Corixoidea, (TTAGG)n was uniformly identified as the best candidate for telomeric sequence across all eight species of three families - Corixidae, Diaprepocoridae and Micronectidae. In contrast, derived 10-bp motifs were recovered from the remaining four superfamilies: (TGGTTAGTGA)n and (TGGTTAGTGT)n in Ochteroidea, (TGGATAGGTG)n and (TGGATAGGAG)n in Naucoroidea (including Aphelocheiridae and Potamocoridae), and (TGGATAGGGT)n uniformly across Notonectoidea and Pleoidea. All derived decamers except those from Ochteroidea share the core octamer TGGATAGG. The retention of (TTAGG)n in the two basal superfamilies and the occurrence of derived decamers in more derived clades are congruent with most current phylogenetic hypotheses for Nepomorpha and support independent evolution of 10-bp motifs within the infraorder. The presence of an identical candidate for telomeric sequence - (TGGATAGGGT)n in Notonectoidea and Pleoidea provides additional support for their close phylogenetic relationship and might be a synapomorphy for this clade. These findings extend the known pattern of telomeric diversification within Heteroptera to Nepomorpha and demonstrate the utility of short-read archival data for taxonomic surveys of telomeric composition.</p>","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":"20 ","pages":"171-186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13421425/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148632658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fish mapping of rdna and novel tandem repeats in <i>Citrus</i> species.","authors":"Yuliya N Smotrova, Mikhail Gr Monakhos, Olga V Razumova, Dmytry V Romanov","doi":"10.3897/compcytogen.20.190408","DOIUrl":"10.3897/compcytogen.20.190408","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cytogenetic analysis of <i>Citrus</i> Linnaeus, 1753 species is complicated by the small size and morphological similarity of their chromosomes. In this study, we applied the fluorescence <i>in situ</i> hybridization (FISH) method using rDNA probes, as well as newly developed oligonucleotide probes based on previously uncharacterized tandem repeats identified in citrus genomes. Four tandem repeats (CL1, CL14, CL262, and CL122) were mapped to the chromosomes of five <i>Citrus</i> species: <i>Citrus medica</i> Linnaeus, 1753, <i>Citrus × aurantiifolia</i> (Christmann, 1777) Swingle, 1913, <i>Citrus × limon</i> (Linnaeus, 1753) Osbeck, 1765, <i>Citrus myrtifolia</i> Rafinesque, 1838, and <i>Citrus × latifolia</i> Tanaka, 1951. The repeats exhibited distinct and partially species-specific distribution patterns: CL1 was detected in all species, whereas CL262, CL122, and CL14 exhibited more restricted localization. A comparative analysis of their chromosomal distribution in relation to 45S- and 5S-rDNA loci revealed differences between the conserved regions of ribosomal DNA and the more dynamic tandem repeats. The identified repeats represent useful cytogenetic markers for chromosome identification, karyotyping, and comparative analysis within the genus <i>Citrus</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":"20 ","pages":"157-170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13342924/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148413659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flying fish as useful model for evolutionary investigations in epipelagic zones. A cytogenomic and cytotaxonomic approach.","authors":"Gideão Wagner Werneck Felix da Costa, Oscar Akio Shibatta, Marcelo de Bello Cioffi, Jhon Alex Dziechciarz Vidal, Luiz Antonio Carlos Bertollo, Wagner Franco Molina","doi":"10.3897/compcytogen.20.190559","DOIUrl":"10.3897/compcytogen.20.190559","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Flying fishes (Exocoetidae) constitute a group of fish with adaptations for life in the epipelagic zone, notably featuring one or two pairs of expanded fins that enable gliding flight. Most of their 80 species have an interoceanic distribution, where they stand out as economic resources, as well as a key component of the trophic base of large pelagic predators. However, despite being a charismatic evolutionary model with considerable knowledge about its biology, that group remains neglected regarding its cytogenetic characterization. Here, we performed cytogenetic analyses for the first time in <i>Hirundichthys affinis</i> (Günther, 1866) (two Atlantic populations) and in <i>Cheilopogon exsiliens</i> (Linnaeus, 1771) and <i>C. furcatus</i> (Mitchill, 1815) (Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago, mid-Atlantic region). These analyses included C-banding, silver nitrate staining (Ag-NOR), and fluorescent <i>in situ</i> hybridization (FISH) with 18S rDNA, 5S rDNA, and (CA)₁₅ microsatellite probes. The three species share 2n = 48 but exhibit discernible intergeneric karyotypic divergences. Thus, while the karyotype of <i>H. affinis</i> displays exclusively acrocentric chromosomes (48a, FN = 48), <i>C. exsiliens</i> (2st+46a, FN = 50) and <i>C. furcatus</i> (2m+46a, FN = 50) both differ due to one pair of bi-armed chromosomes. Heterochromatin shows an occasional accumulation of (CA)₁₅ clusters predominantly in pericentromeric regions of the chromosomes. The rDNA sites display variations in number and location, proving to be effective cytotaxonomic and population markers for the group. Our data indicate that the distribution of the flying fishes was accompanied by their chromosomal reorganizations. Thus, cytogenetic data stand out as promising tools for unraveling environmental adaptations, reproductive isolation, and speciation in the vast epipelagic areas they occupy.</p>","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":"20 ","pages":"141-155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13282621/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148297144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome survey and chromosome number determination of <i>Polygala fallax</i> (Polygalaceae), an endemic medicinal plant from southern China.","authors":"Lin Fu, Ziyue Liu, Lina Han, Ting Zhang, Yan Jiang, Denis A Krivenko, Jin Hu, Hongfeng Chen, Lei Duan","doi":"10.3897/compcytogen.20.184176","DOIUrl":"10.3897/compcytogen.20.184176","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Polygala fallax</i> Hemsley, 1886 is a perennial herb of the family Polygalaceae. Because of its antioxidant, anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties, it is regarded as a traditional medicinal plant in China with high economic value. Although this species has significant medicinal and health benefits, cytological research on it remains very limited. In the present study, the genome size and chromosome number of <i>P. fallax</i> were determined through k-mer analysis, flow cytometry, and cytogenetics. Firstly, a genome survey was conducted using Illumina NovaSeq 6000 DNA sequencing. K-mer analysis revealed that the genome size of <i>P. fallax</i> was approximately 2199.64 Mb (ca. 2.20 Gb), the heterozygosity rate was about 1.11%, and the proportion of repeated sequences was about 73.61%. As for flow cytometry analysis, <i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> Linnaeus, 1753 was used as internal standard species, and the 2C-DNA value of <i>P. fallax</i> is 2.49 Gb. We counted the chromosome number of <i>P. fallax</i> using a common cytogenetic method, and the result showed a chromosome number of 2n = 40. This comprehensive study offers a foundation for subsequent whole-genome sequencing of <i>P. fallax</i>, contributing valuable insights into its genetic characteristics and providing genomic information for further research on the synthesis mechanisms of its medicinal secondary metabolites, species conservation, and sustainable utilization.</p>","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":"20 ","pages":"127-139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13103666/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147788056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Additional data of cryptic species of the blind mole rat (<i>Nannospalax</i>, Rodentia) (2n = 52, NF = 84) from the Eastern Anatolia Region of Türkiye.","authors":"Gökhan Yürümez","doi":"10.3897/compcytogen.20.185104","DOIUrl":"10.3897/compcytogen.20.185104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, five blind mole rat specimens of the <i>Nannospalax</i> sp. were collected from two different localities in Muş Province, Eastern Anatolia, Türkiye. Cytogenetic analyses of these specimens revealed that the diploid chromosome number, the fundamental chromosome number, and the number of autosomal arms were 2n = 52, NF = 84 and NFa = 80, respectively. The X chromosome was medium-sized and submetacentric, while the Y chromosome was small and acrocentric. Active nucleolus organizer regions (NORs) were observed on the telomeric regions of three bi-armed autosomal pairs in all examined specimens. This study presents new karyological data regarding the blind mole rat with 2n = 52 chromosomes distributed in the Eastern Anatolia region from Türkiye.</p>","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":"20 ","pages":"115-126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13047374/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147624511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}