Comparative CytogeneticsPub Date : 2024-06-21eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.18.116806
Liaoruilin Zhang, Jianguo Xiang, Juan Li, Jie Zhou, Jinliang Hou, Yanfei Huang, Hong Li
{"title":"Karyotype analysis of <i>Quasipaaspinosa</i> David, 1875 (Anura, Dicroglossidae) with conventional cytogenetic techniques.","authors":"Liaoruilin Zhang, Jianguo Xiang, Juan Li, Jie Zhou, Jinliang Hou, Yanfei Huang, Hong Li","doi":"10.3897/compcytogen.18.116806","DOIUrl":"10.3897/compcytogen.18.116806","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The current study analyzed the chromosomal karyotype of <i>Quasipaaspinosa</i> David, 1875 from Hunan Province, China. The karyotype, C-banding, BrdU-banding pattern were characterized using direct preparation of bone-marrow cells and hemocyte cultures. The findings indicated that <i>Q.spinosa</i> was a diploid species (2n = 26) that lacked heteromorphic chromosomes and secondary constrictions. C-banding analysis revealed an abundance of positive signals in the centromere regions, while the BrdU-banding pattern showed three phases in both male and female, occurring consistently and in chronological sequence during S-phase. Notably, there was no asynchronous replication in the late phase. This study enhanced our understanding of the karyotypic structure of <i>Q.spinosa</i> by conventional cytogenetic techniques, thus providing essential scientific insights into the cytogenetics of <i>Q.spinosa</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":"18 ","pages":"97-103"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11214007/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141472256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Comparative CytogeneticsPub Date : 2024-05-08eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.18.117597
Natália Padilha de Oliveira, Gabriel de Siqueira Gesteira, Maria do Socorro Padilha de Oliveira, Lisete Chamma Davide
{"title":"Interphase nuclei, karyotypes and nuclear DNA amounts in five species of <i>Oenocarpus</i> (Arecaceae).","authors":"Natália Padilha de Oliveira, Gabriel de Siqueira Gesteira, Maria do Socorro Padilha de Oliveira, Lisete Chamma Davide","doi":"10.3897/compcytogen.18.117597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.18.117597","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The genus <i>Oenocarpus</i> Martius, 1823 (Arecaceae) includes five species commonly used in Amazonia, especially for their fruits. Little is known about the cytogenetic characteristics and DNA amounts of these species, except for <i>O.bataua</i> (Martius, 1823). This study characterized and compared the types of interphase nuclei, the chromosome sets, and estimated the nuclear DNA amounts of <i>Oenocarpusbacaba</i> (Martius, 1823), <i>O.bataua</i>, <i>O.distichus</i> (Martius, 1823), <i>O.mapora</i> (H. Karsten, 1857) and <i>O.minor</i> (Martius, 1823). Standard cytogenetic analyses and estimates of the nuclear DNA amount by flow cytometry were carried out. These are the first reports of chromosome numbers and DNA amounts, except for <i>O.bataua</i>, as is the description of the chromatin distribution in interphase nuclei and karyotype for all species. All species presented 2n = 36, confirming the previous report for <i>O.bataua</i>. Differences between karyotype formulas and the positioning of secondary constrictions were observed. There were no significant differences for the nuclear DNA amounts among species. The constancy in chromosome number and variations in karyotype formulas suggest the occurrence of chromosome rearrangement as an important mechanism in <i>Oenocarpus</i> speciation.</p>","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":"18 ","pages":"59-72"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11096725/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140961463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ziravard N. Tonyan, Irina L. Puppo, Alsu F. Saifitdinova, Tatyana V. Vavilova, Andrey S. Glotov
{"title":"Assessment of quadrivalent characteristics influencing chromosome segregation by analyzing human preimplantation embryos from reciprocal translocation carriers","authors":"Ziravard N. Tonyan, Irina L. Puppo, Alsu F. Saifitdinova, Tatyana V. Vavilova, Andrey S. Glotov","doi":"10.3897/compcytogen.18.115070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.18.115070","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Patterns of meiotic chromosome segregation were analyzed in cleavage stage and blastocyst stage human embryos from couples with autosomal reciprocal translocations (ART). The influence of quadrivalent asymmetry degree, the presence of terminal breakpoints, and the involvement of acrocentric chromosomes in the rearrangement were analyzed to evaluate their contribution to the formation of non-viable embryos with significant chromosomal imbalance due to pathological segregation patterns and to assess the selection of human embryos by the blastocyst stage. A selection of viable embryos resulting from alternate and adjacent-1 segregation and a significant reduction in the detection frequency of the 3 : 1 segregation pattern were observed in human embryos at the blastocyst stage. The presence of terminal breakpoints increased the frequency of 3 : 1 segregation and was also associated with better survival of human embryos resulting from adjacent-1 mode, reflecting the process of natural selection of viable embryos to the blastocyst stage. The demonstrated patterns of chromosome segregation and inheritance of a balanced karyotype in humans will contribute to optimizing the prediction of the outcomes of in vitro fertilization programs and assessing the risks of the formation of unbalanced embryos for ART carriers.","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":"177 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139553262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An updated Atlas of Helophorus chromosomes","authors":"Robert B. Angus","doi":"10.3897/compcytogen.17.112831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.17.112831","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000An account is given of my development of techniques to obtain well-spread Giemsa-stained banded chromosome preparations. Apparent G-banding could be obtained following very slight trypsin treatment of freshly prepared slides, but this banding was very fine (close-grained) and possibly not a reflection of chromosome structure. However, treatment of developing embryos in vitro with 5-fluorouridine produced a similar chromomere banding, which is therefore regarded as genuine. Steady accumulation of Helophorus Fabricius, 1775 karyotypes has resulted in the production of an Atlas covering 62 of the 170 species known to occur in the Palaearctic. Chromosome polymorphisms involving pericentric inversions and addition of extra C-banding regions have been found, as well as small B-chromosomes in a few species. In general, karyotypes have proved very useful in establishing the limits of individual species. Parthenogenesis involving triploidy has been found in two species. Karyotypes of experimentally produced hybrids have revealed irregularities in chromosome condensation.","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138825366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chromosomes of the genus Arge Schrank, 1802 (Hymenoptera, Argidae): new data and review","authors":"Vladimir E. Gokhman","doi":"10.3897/compcytogen.17.115485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.17.115485","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Results of the chromosome study of 12 sawfly species of the genus Arge Schrank, 1802 are reviewed, including new data on the karyotypes of A. ciliaris (Linnaeus, 1767) and A. enodis (Linnaeus, 1767) with n = 10. Moreover, the same chromosome number, n = 10, is found in A. ustulata (Linnaeus, 1758), for which n = 8 was previously reported. In addition, n = 8 is confirmed in A. gracilicornis (Klug, 1814). The results of the morphometric analysis of chromosome sets of these four species are given. In the genus Arge, haploid chromosome numbers of n = 8, 10, 11 and 13 were found. Among these sawflies, n = 8 appeared to be the most frequent chromosome number, followed by n = 10. The known data of the chromosome study of these insects are summarized and discussed in the light of phylogeny and taxonomy of the genus Arge.","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138825356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Karyotype and reproductive traits of the unique symbiotic mealybug Orbuspedum machinator G.-Z. (Homoptera, Coccinea)","authors":"Ilya A. Gavrilov-Zimin","doi":"10.3897/compcytogen.17.116550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.17.116550","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The karyotype and reproductive features of Orbuspedum machinator Gavrilov-Zimin, 2017 (Pseudococcidae) were studied for the first time. Diploid chromosome number is 18 in females. Reproduction is probably bisexual, as indicated by the presence of characteristic Lecanoid heterochromatinization of the paternal set of chromosomes in embryonic cells of about 50% of the embryos studied. The female reproductive system has a pair of lateral oviducts merged into enlarged common oviduct; the spermatheca and accessory glands are connected to the common oviduct in its proximal part. Complete ovoviviparity occurs in ontogenesis.","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138717370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Natalia V. Golub, Boris A. Anokhin, Valentina G. Kuznetsova
{"title":"Karyotype diversity in the genus Nysius Dallas, 1852 (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Lygaeidae) is much greater than you might think","authors":"Natalia V. Golub, Boris A. Anokhin, Valentina G. Kuznetsova","doi":"10.3897/compcytogen.17.116628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.17.116628","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000We studied the karyotype and chromosomal distribution of 18S rDNA clustered in nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) in Nysius graminicola (Kolenati, 1845), belonging to the subfamily Orsillinae (Lygaeidae). It is shown that this species has a karyotype with 2n = 22(18+mm+XY), previously known in only one of 24 studied species of the genus Nysius Dallas, 1852, characterized by a similar karyotype, 2n = 14(12+mm+XY). In N. graminicola, 18S loci are located on sex chromosomes, which is a previously unknown trait for this genus. Our results in a compilation with previous data revealed dynamic evolution of rDNA distribution in Nysius. It is concluded that molecular chromosomal markers detected by FISH contribute to a better understanding of the structure and evolution of the taxonomically complex genus Nysius.","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":"198 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138717372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Metaphase chromosomes of five Neotropical species of the genus Drosophila (Diptera, Drosophilidae)","authors":"Doris Vela, Erika Villavicencio","doi":"10.3897/compcytogen.17.108265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.17.108265","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The mitotic metaphases of five Andean species of genus Drosophila are described for the first time. The evolutionary and interspecific genetic relationships within three Neotropical Drosophila species groups are analyzed. The diploid chromosome number for each species is as follows: D. cashapamba Céspedes et Rafael, 2012 2n = 6 (2V, 1J) (X = J, Y = R), D. ecuatoriana Vela et Rafael, 2004 2n = 10 (3R, 2V) (X = V, Y = R), D. ninarumi Vela et Rafael, 2005 2n = 10 (3R, 1V, 1D) (X = V, Y = R), D. urcu Vela et Rafael, 2005 2n = 12 (4R, 2V) (X = V, Y = R), D. valenteae Llangarí-Arizo et Rafael, 2018 2n = 8 (3R, 1J) (X = J, Y = R).","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138510126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cell culture and karyotypic description of Pseudophryne coriacea (Keferstein, 1868) (Amphibia, Anura) from the New South Wales Central Coast","authors":"Richard Mollard, Michael Mahony","doi":"10.3897/compcytogen.17.113526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.17.113526","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The karyotype of the IUCN least concern red-backed toadlet Pseudophryne (P.) coriacea (Keferstein, 1868) from the New South Wales Central Coast is described following tissue culture of toe clipping macerates and conventional DAPI staining. The diploid number is 2n = 24. The karyotype is represented by six large and five small chromosomal pairs and one very small chromosomal pair. The very small chromosome 12 is 12% the size of chromosome 1. One of the large chromosomes is subtelocentric, two of the large chromosomes are submetacentric and the remaining chromosomes are metacentric. The putative nucleolus organiser region (NOR) is observed on chromosome 4. The diploid number and location of the putative NOR correlates to that of the previously published IUCN critically endangered P.corroboree (Moore 1953) and unpublished descriptions of the P.coriacea karyotype. This is the first described cell culture of a species from the genus Pseudophryne Fitzinger, 1843, first published analysis of the P.coriacea karyotype and the first published analysis of centromeric allocation of this genus. Globally there exists a large inventory of tissue samples in cryobanks that are not associated with known recovery mechanisms such as basic cell culture techniques. Detailed cytogenetic analyses of these cryobanked samples are therefore not possible. This work therefore enables: (i) a comparison of the P.coriacea karyotype with that of the critically endangered P.corroboree and (ii) a benchmark for repeat and future cytogenetic and genomic analyses of cryostored samples of this genus.","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":"12 16","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135139451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Comparative CytogeneticsPub Date : 2023-11-02eCollection Date: 2023-01-01DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.17.107744
Sergey A Simanovsky, Dmitry A Medvedev, Fekadu Tefera, Alexander S Golubtsov
{"title":"Divergent karyotypes in five genera of the African endemic fish family Distichodontidae (Cithariniformes, Osteichthyes).","authors":"Sergey A Simanovsky, Dmitry A Medvedev, Fekadu Tefera, Alexander S Golubtsov","doi":"10.3897/compcytogen.17.107744","DOIUrl":"10.3897/compcytogen.17.107744","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The African family Distichodontidae comprises 109 species in 16 genera. Up-to-date cytogenetic information was available for the only distichodontid species <i>Distichodusaffinis</i> Günther, 1873. Here we report chromosome number and morphology in: <i>Distichodusengycephalus</i> Günther, 1864 (2n = 52, FN = 104), <i>Ichthyborusbesse</i> (Joannis, 1835) (2n = 46, FN = 92), <i>Nannocharaxniloticus</i> (Joannis, 1835) (2n = 54, FN = 106) and three taxa, <i>Nannaethiopsbleheri</i> Géry et Zarske, 2003, <i>Nannaethiops</i> sp., and <i>Neolebiasunifasciatus</i> Steindachner, 1894, that exhibit the same karyotypes (2n = 50, FN = 98). To confirm the <i>Nannaethiops</i> Günther, 1872 and <i>Neolebias</i> Steindachner, 1894 species identification, mt-DNA sequences of the two markers (<i>COI</i> and <i>16S rRNA</i>) were obtained from karyotyped specimens and compared with the relevant sequences accessible from GenBank. The great prevalence of biarmed chromosomes (the karyotypes of most species contain exclusively biarmed chromosomes) is a distinctive characteristic of Distichodontidae and Cithariniformes as a whole.</p>","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":"17 ","pages":"251-262"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10636602/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89720401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}