Comparative Cytogenetics最新文献

{"title":"Chromosomal mapping of repetitive DNA in <i>Melipona seminigra merrillae</i> Cockerell, 1919 (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Meliponini).","authors":"Ingrid Cândido de Oliveira Barbosa,&nbsp;Carlos Henrique Schneider,&nbsp;Leonardo Gusso Goll,&nbsp;Eliana Feldberg,&nbsp;Gislene Almeida Carvalho-Zilse","doi":"10.3897/CompCytogen.v15i1.56430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/CompCytogen.v15i1.56430","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Melipona</i> Illiger, 1806 is represented by 74 known species of stingless bees, distributed throughout the Neotropical region. Cytogenetically it is the most studied stingless bee genus of the tribe Meliponini. Member species are divided in two groups based on the volume of heterochromatin. This study aim was to analyze the composition and organization of chromatin of the stingless bee subspecies <i>Melipona seminigra merrillae</i> Cockerell, 1919 using classical and molecular cytogenetic techniques, so contributing to a better understanding of the processes of chromosomal changes within the genus. We confirm that <i>M. seminigra merrillae</i> has a chromosome number of 2n = 22 and n = 11, results that differ from those reported for the genus in the absence of B chromosomes. The heterochromatic pattern revealed a karyotype composed of chromosomes with a high heterochromatin content, which makes it difficult to visualize the centromere. Silver nitrate impregnation (Ag-NOR) showed transcriptionally active sites on the second chromosomal pair. Staining of base-specific fluorophores DAPI-CMA₃ indicated a homogeneous distribution of intensely DAPI-stained heterochromatin, while CMA₃ markings appeared on those terminal portions of the chromosomes corresponding to euchromatin. Similar to Ag-NOR, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with 18S ribosomal DNA probe revealed distinct signals on the second pair of chromosomes. Microsatellite mapping (GA)₁₅ showed markings distributed in euchromatic regions, while mapping with (CA)₁₅ showed marking patterns in heterochromatic regions, together with a fully marked chromosome pair. Microsatellite hybridization, both in heterochromatic and euchromatic regions, may be related to the activity of transposable elements. These are capable of forming new microsatellites that can be dispersed and amplified in different regions of the genome, demonstrating that repetitive sequences can evolve rapidly, thus resulting in within-genus diversification.</p>","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7997856/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25558009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytogenetic analysis of <i>Hypomasticus copelandii</i> and <i>H. steindachneri</i>: relevance of cytotaxonomic markers in the Anostomidae family (Characiformes).","authors":"Filipe Schitini Salgado,&nbsp;Marina Souza Cunha,&nbsp;Silvana Melo,&nbsp;Jorge Abdala Dergam","doi":"10.3897/compcytogen.v15.i1.61957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v15.i1.61957","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent phylogenetic hypotheses within Anostomidae, based on morphological and molecular data, resulted in the description of new genera (<i>Megaleporinus</i> Ramirez, Birindelli et Galetti, 2017) and the synonymization of others, such as the reallocation of <i>Leporinus copelandii</i> Steindachner, 1875 and <i>Leporinus steindachneri</i> Eigenmann, 1907 to <i>Hypomasticus</i> Borodin, 1929. Despite high levels of conservatism of the chromosomal macrostructure in this family, species groups have been corroborated using banding patterns and the presence of different sex chromosome systems. Due to the absence of cytogenetic studies in <i>H. copelandii</i> (Steindachner, 1875) and <i>H. steindachneri</i> (Eigenmann, 1907), the goal of this study was to characterize their karyotypes and investigate the presence/absence of sex chromosome systems using different repetitive DNA probes. Cytogenetic techniques included: Giemsa staining, Ag-NOR banding and FISH using 18S and 5S rDNA probes, as well as microsatellite probes (CA)₁₅ and (GA)₁₅. Both species had 2n = 54, absence of heteromorphic sex chromosomes, one chromosome pair bearing Ag-NOR, 18S and 5S rDNA regions. The (CA)₁₅ and (GA)₁₅ probes marked mainly the subtelomeric regions of all chromosomes and were useful as species-specific chromosomal markers. Our results underline that chromosomal macrostructure is congruent with higher systematic arrangements in Anostomidae, while microsatellite probes are informative about autapomorphic differences between species.</p>","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7969579/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25525070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative analysis of the karyotypes of three dolphins - <i>Tursiops truncatus</i> Montagu, 1821, <i>Tursiops australis</i> Charlton-Robb et al., 2011, and <i>Grampus griseus</i> Cuvier, 1812.","authors":"Ross Brookwell,&nbsp;Kimberly Finlayson,&nbsp;Jason P van de Merwe","doi":"10.3897/compcytogen.v15.i1.60398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v15.i1.60398","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study is to produce G-banded karyotypes of three dolphin species, <i>Tursiops truncatus</i> Montagu, 1821, <i>Tursiops australis</i>Charlton-Robb et al., 2011, and <i>Grampus griseus</i> Cuvier, 1812, and to determine if any differences between the species can be observed. Monolayer skin cultures were established and processed for chromosome study by trypsin banding. The results indicate that the three species here investigated have the same diploid number (2n = 44) and very similar gross chromosome morphology, however G-banding allows distinction between each species. Chromosome 1 in <i>G. griseus</i> is significantly different from the other 2 species, and chromosome 2 in <i>T. australis</i> is subtly different from the other 2 species. This result is of potential significance in taxonomic studies, and can provide an unequivocal answer in the assessment of suspected hybrids between these species.</p>","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7892529/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25401522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytogenetic characterisation and chromosomal mapping of microsatellite and telomeric repeats in two gecko species (Reptilia, Gekkonidae) from Thailand.","authors":"Weera Thongnetr,&nbsp;Surachest Aiumsumang,&nbsp;Rodjarin Kongkaew,&nbsp;Alongklod Tanomtong,&nbsp;Chatmongkon Suwannapoom,&nbsp;Sumalee Phimphan","doi":"10.3897/CompCytogen.v15i1.58208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/CompCytogen.v15i1.58208","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Studies of chromosomes of <i>Cyrtodactylus jarujini</i> Ulber, 1993 and <i>C. doisuthep</i> Kunya et al., 2014 to compare microsatellite and TTAGGG sequences by classical and molecular techniques were conducted in Thailand. Karyological typing from a conventional staining technique of <i>C. jarujini</i> and <i>C. doisuthep</i> showed diploid chromosome numbers of 40 and 34 while the Fundamental Numbers (NF) were 56 in both species. In addition, we created the chromosome formula of the chromosomes of <i>C. jarujini</i> showing that 2n (40) = L^sm ₁ + L^sm ₂ + L^t ₃ + M^m ₁ + M^t ₄ + S^m ₂ + S^a ₂ + S^t ₅ while that of <i>C. doisuthep</i> was 2n (34) = L^sm ₃ + L^m ₂ + L^t ₃ + M^m ₁ + M^t ₂ + S^m ₄ + S^a ₁ + S^t ₁. Ag-NOR staining revealed NOR-bearing chromosomes in chromosome pairs 13 and 14 in <i>C. jarujini</i>, and in chromosome pairs 9 and 13 in <i>C. doisuthep</i>. This molecular study used the FISH technique, as well as microsatellite probes including (A)₂₀, (TA)₁₅, (CGG)₁₀, (CGG)₁₀, (GAA)₁₀, (TA)₁₅ and TTAGGG repeats. The signals showed that the different patterns in each chromosome of the Gekkonids depended on probe types. TTAGGG repeats showed high distribution on centromere and telomere regions, while (A)₂₀, (TA)₁₅, (CGG)₁₀, (CGG)₁₀, (GAA)₁₀ and (TA)₁₅ bearing dispersed over the whole genomes including chromosomes and some had strong signals on only a pair of homologous chromosomes. These results suggest that the genetic linkages have been highly differentiated between the two species.</p>","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7873012/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25382902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A re-examination of the West European species of <i>Boreonectes</i> Angus, 2010, with particular reference to <i>B. multilineatus</i> (Falkenström, 1922) (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae).","authors":"Robert B Angus","doi":"10.3897/compcytogen.v15.i1.60188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v15.i1.60188","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The West European species of <i>Boreonectes</i> Angus, 2010 are reviewed. <i>B. multilineatus</i> (Falkenström, 1922) is shown to be widely distributed in the Pyrenees, where it is the only species known to occur. The chromosomes of all five west European species are found to have, in addition their different numbers of chromosomes, differences in the number and locations of secondary constrictions, and in some cases, the number of chromosomes with clear centromeric C-bands. The level of differences between the chromosomes of the species is in stark contrast with the very slight genetic (DNA) differences between them and this suggests that chromosome differentiation may have been a driver of speciation. Two of the species, <i>B. griseostriatus</i> (De Geer, 1774) and <i>B. multilineatus</i>, have distributions extending northwards as far as Arctic Scandinavia. It is pointed out that, while these northern areas now constitute the major portions of their ranges, they must be of fairly recent origins as most of the area would have been covered by ice sheets and therefore not habitable during the glacial maximum of the Last Glaciation. This contrasts with the situation in the area of the Central European mountains where fossil faunas, including <i>Boreonectes</i>, are known. <i>B. griseostriatus</i>, identifiable to species by its parameres, was present in the Woolly Rhinoceros site at Starunia in the Western Ukraine, and this fauna is discussed as well as an English fauna of similar age.</p>","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7819950/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25335222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chromosomal and DNA barcode analysis of the <i>Polyommatus</i> (<i>Agrodiaetus</i>) <i>damone</i> (Eversmann, 1841) species complex (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae).","authors":"Vladimir A Lukhtanov,&nbsp;Alexander V Dantchenko","doi":"10.3897/compcytogen.v15.i1.60347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v15.i1.60347","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Polyommatus (Agrodiaetus) damone (Eversmann, 1841) species complex comprises from 5 to 8 species distributed in southeastern Europe and southern Siberia. Here we used chromosomal and DNA-barcode markers in order to test the taxonomic hypotheses previously suggested for this complex. We revealed that all taxa within this group demonstrate chromosomal stasis and share the same or very similar haploid chromosome number (n = 66 or n = 67). This finding is unexpected since the karyotypes are known to be very diverse and species-specific within the other taxa of the subgenus Agrodiaetus Hübner, 1822. Analysis of the mitochondrial gene <i>COI</i> revealed six diverged clusters of individuals within the complex. Each cluster has a specific geographic distribution and is characterized by distinct morphological features in the wing pattern. The clusters mostly (but not always) correlate with traditionally recognized species. As a result of our study, we describe a new subspecies P. (A.) iphigenides zarmitanus<b>subsp. nov</b>. from Uzbekistan and Tajikistan and show that the taxon originally described as Lycaena kindermanni var. melania Staudinger, 1886 represents a subspecies P. (A.) iphigenides melanius (Staudinger, 1886). Polyommatus (A.) samusi Korb, 2017 (<b>syn. nov</b>.) and P. (A.) melanius komarovi Korb, 2017 (<b>syn. nov</b>.) are considered here as junior subjective synonyms of P. (A.) iphigenides iphigenides (Staudinger, 1886).</p>","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7801365/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38868383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigenda: Cytogenetic markers as a tool for characterization of hybrids of <i>Astyanax</i> Baird & Girard, 1854 and <i>Hyphessobrycon</i> Eigenmann, 1907. Comparative Cytogenetics 14(2): 231-242. https://doi.org/10.3897/CompCytogen.v14i2.49513.","authors":"Caio Augusto Gomes Goes,&nbsp;Sandro Natal Daniel,&nbsp;Lucas Henrique Piva,&nbsp;George Shigueki Yasui,&nbsp;Roberto Ferreira Artoni,&nbsp;Diogo Teruo Hashimoto,&nbsp;Fausto Foresti,&nbsp;Fábio Porto-Foresti","doi":"10.3897/CompCytogen.v14i4.56080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/CompCytogen.v14i4.56080","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3897/CompCytogen.v14i2.49513.].</p>","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7785716/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39143029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative karyotype study of three Cyprinids (Cyprinidae, Cyprininae) in Thailand by classical cytogenetic and FISH techniques.","authors":"Sumalee Phimphan,&nbsp;Patcharaporn Chaiyasan,&nbsp;Chatmongkon Suwannapoom,&nbsp;Montri Reungsing,&nbsp;Sippakorn Juntaree,&nbsp;Alongklod Tanomtong,&nbsp;Weerayuth Supiwong","doi":"10.3897/CompCytogen.v14i4.54428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/CompCytogen.v14i4.54428","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Three species of ornamental fishes in the subfamily Cyprininae (family Cyprinidae) namely, <i>Epalzeorhynchos frenatum</i> (Fowler, 1934), <i>Puntigrus partipentazona</i> (Fowler, 1934), <i>Scaphognathops bandanensis</i> Boonyaratpalin et Srirungroj, 1971 were studied by classical cytogenetic and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) techniques. Chromosomes were directly prepared from kidney tissues and stained by using conventional and Ag-NOR banding techniques. Microsatellite d(CA)₁₅ and d(CGG)₁₀ probes were hybridized to the chromosomes of three cyprinids. The results show that the three cyprinid species share the same diploid number as 2n=50 but there are differences in the fundamental number (NF) and karyotypes i.e. <i>E. frenatum</i>: NF = 78, 18m+10sm+10st+12a; <i>P. partipentazona</i>: NF = 80, 6m+24sm+14st+6a; <i>S. bandanensis</i>: NF = 66, 4m+12sm+34a. NOR positive masks were observed at the regions adjacent to the telomere of the short arm of the chromosome pairs 10 (submetacentric) and 1 (metacentric) in <i>E. frenatum</i> and <i>P. partipentazona</i>, respectively whereas those were revealed at telomeric regions of the long arm of the chromosome pair 9 (acrocentric) in <i>S. bandanensis</i>. The mapping of d(CA)₁₅ and d(CGG)₁₀ microsatellites shown that hybridization signals are abundantly distributed in telomeric regions of several pairs except d(CA)₁₅ repeats in <i>S. bandanensis</i>, which are distributed throughout all chromosomes and d(CGG)₁₀ repeats in <i>P. partipentazona</i> display the high accumulation only in the first chromosome pair.</p>","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7772283/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38755931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of cryptic diversity in lizards (Squamata) from two Biosphere Reserves in Mesoamerica.","authors":"Riccardo Castiglia,&nbsp;Oscar Alberto Flores-Villela,&nbsp;Alexandra M R Bezerra,&nbsp;Ekaterina Gornung,&nbsp;Flavia Annesi,&nbsp;Luis Antonio Muñoz-Alonso,&nbsp;Emanuela Solano","doi":"10.3897/CompCytogen.v14i4.57765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/CompCytogen.v14i4.57765","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A combined approach based on karyology and DNA taxonomy allowed us to characterize the taxonomic peculiarities in 10 Mesoamerican lizard species, belonging to six genera and five families, inhabiting two Biosphere Reserve in Chiapas, Mexico: La Sepultura Biosphere Reserve, and Montes Azules Biosphere. The karyotypes of four species, <i>Phyllodactylus</i> sp. 3 (<i>P. tuberculosus</i> species group) (2n = 38), <i>Holcosus festivus</i> (Lichtenstein et von Martens, 1856) (2n = 50), <i>Anolis lemurinus</i> Cope, 1861 (2n = 40), and <i>A. uniformis</i> Cope, 1885 (2n = 29-30) are described for the first time, the last one showing a particular X₁X₁X₂X₂/X₁X₂Y condition. In <i>Aspidoscelis deppii</i> (Wiegmann, 1834) (2n = 50) and <i>Anolis capito</i> Peters, 1863 (2n = 42), we found a different karyotype from the ones previously reported for these species. Moreover, in <i>A. capito</i>, the cytogenetic observation is concurrent with a considerable genetic divergence (9%) at the studied mtDNA marker (MT-ND2), which is indicative of a putative new cryptic species. The skink <i>Scincella cherriei</i> (Cope, 1893), showed high values of genetic divergence (5.2% at 16S gene) between the specimens from Montes Azules and those from Costa Rica and Nicaragua, comparable to the values typical of sister species in skinks. A lower level of genetic divergence, compatible with an intraspecific phylogeographic structure, has been identified in <i>Lepidophyma flavimaculatum</i> Duméril, 1851. These new data identify taxa that urgently require more in-depth taxonomic studies especially in these areas where habitat alteration is proceeding at an alarming rate.</p>","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7772285/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38755932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Homologous series by Nikolai Vavilov in the phylogeny of Homoptera.","authors":"Ilya A Gavrilov-Zimin","doi":"10.3897/CompCytogen.v14i4.60894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/CompCytogen.v14i4.60894","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The paper briefly discusses the most impressive examples of the Nikolai Vavilov's \"Law of homologous series\" in the evolution of one of the largest animal groups, homopterous insects, which comprise about 65,000 recent species in the world fauna. Different taxonomic and phylogenetic characters (morpho-anatomical, cytogenetic, reproductive and others) are considered at the taxonomic ranks of the order, suborder, superfamily and family.</p>","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7759555/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38763664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}