{"title":"Unveiling fetal heart health: harnessing auto-metric graph neural networks and Hazelnut tree search for ECG-based arrhythmia detection.","authors":"M Suganthy, B Sarala, G Sumathy, W T Chembian","doi":"10.1080/10255842.2025.2481232","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10255842.2025.2481232","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fetal electrocardiogram (ECG) provides a non-invasive means to assess fetal heart health, but isolating the fetal signal from the dominant maternal ECG remains challenging. This study introduces the FHH-AMGNN-HTSOA-ECG-AD method for enhanced fetal arrhythmia detection. It employs Dual Tree Complex Wavelet Transform for denoising and utilizes an Auto-Metric Graph Neural Network (AMGNN) optimized by the Hazelnut Tree Search Algorithm (HTSOA). This integration enables accurate classification of normal and abnormal fetal heart signals. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach significantly outperforms existing methods in terms of accuracy, precision, and specificity.</p>","PeriodicalId":50640,"journal":{"name":"Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1671-1684"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144044115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Increasing midtarsal joint stiffness reduces triceps surae metabolic costs in walking simulations but has little effect on total stance limb metabolic cost.","authors":"Daniel J Davis, John H Challis","doi":"10.1080/10255842.2024.2327635","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10255842.2024.2327635","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The human foot's arch is thought to be beneficial for efficient gait. This study addresses the extent to which arch stiffness changes alter the metabolic energy requirements of human gait. Computational musculoskeletal simulations of steady state walking using direct collocation were performed. Across a range of foot arch stiffnesses, the metabolic cost of transport decreased by less than 1% with increasing foot arch stiffness. Increasing arch stiffness increased the metabolic efficiency of the triceps surae during push-off, but these changes were almost entirely offset by other muscle groups consuming more energy with increasing foot arch stiffness.</p>","PeriodicalId":50640,"journal":{"name":"Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1565-1576"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140186237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Investigating the informative brain region in multiclass electroencephalography and near infrared spectroscopy based BCI system using band power based features.","authors":"Ebru Ergün, Önder Aydemir, Onur Erdem Korkmaz","doi":"10.1080/10255842.2024.2333924","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10255842.2024.2333924","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, various brain imaging techniques have been used as input signals for brain-computer interface (BCI) systems. Electroencephalography (EEG) and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) are two prominent techniques in this field, each with its own advantages and limitations. As a result, there is a growing tendency to integrate these methods in a hybrid within BCI systems. The primary aim of this study is to identify highly functional brain regions within an EEG + NIRS-based BCI system. To achieve this, the research focused on identifying EEG electrodes positioned in different brain lobes and then investigating the functionality of each lobe. The methodology involved segmenting the EEG + NIRS dataset into 2.4 s time windows, and then extracting band-power based features from these segmented signals. A classification algorithm, specifically the <i>k</i>-nearest neighbor algorithm, was then used to classify the features. The result was a remarkable classification accuracy (CA) of 95.54%±1.31 when using the active brain region within the hybrid model. These results underline the effectiveness of the proposed approach, as it outperformed both standalone EEG and NIRS modalities in terms of CA by 5.19% and 40.90%, respectively. Furthermore, the results confirm the considerable potential of the method in classifying EEG + NIRS signals recorded during tasks such as reading text while scrolling in different directions, including right, left, up and down. This research heralds a promising step towards enhancing the capabilities of BCI systems by harnessing the synergistic power of EEG and NIRS technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":50640,"journal":{"name":"Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1655-1670"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140307704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A novel approach for ECG signal classification using sliding Euclidean quantization and bitwise pattern encoding.","authors":"Hazret Tekin","doi":"10.1080/10255842.2025.2501634","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10255842.2025.2501634","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aims to introduce a novel, computationally lightweight feature extraction technique called Sliding Euclidean Pattern Quantization (SEPQ), which encodes local morphological patterns of ECG signals using Euclidean distance-based binary representations within sliding windows. The proposed SEPQ method was evaluated using two ECG datasets. The first dataset contained three labeled classes (CHF, ARR, and NSR), while the second included four classes (ventricular beats (VB), supraventricular beats (SVB), fusion beats (FB), and NSR). Extracted features were classified using several machine learning models, with LightGBM achieving the highest performance-over 99% accuracy on the first dataset and above 93% on the second. A convolutional neural network (CNN) model was also employed for comparative analysis, both on raw data and in a hybrid configuration with SEPQ, yielding moderate yet noteworthy performance. Experimental results confirm that SEPQ offers a robust, interpretable, and highly accurate solution for ECG signal classification.</p>","PeriodicalId":50640,"journal":{"name":"Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1685-1709"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144031200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pengju Li, Rongchang Fu, Xiaozheng Yang, Kun Wang, Huiran Chen
{"title":"Finite element method-based study for spinal vibration characteristics of the scoliosis and kyphosis lumbar spine to whole-body vibration under a compressive follower preload.","authors":"Pengju Li, Rongchang Fu, Xiaozheng Yang, Kun Wang, Huiran Chen","doi":"10.1080/10255842.2024.2333925","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10255842.2024.2333925","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To analyze the dynamic response of the lumbosacral vertebrae structure of a scoliosis spine and a kyphosis spine under whole-body vibration.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Typical Lenke4 (kyphosis) and Lenke3 (scoliosis) spinal columns were used as research objects. A finite element model of the lumbosacral vertebrae segment was established and validated based on CT scanning images. Modal, harmonic response, and transient dynamic analyses were performed on the lumbar-sacral scoliosis model using the finite element software abaqus.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The first four resonance frequencies of kyphosis spine extracted from modal analysis were 0.86, 1.45, 8.51, and 55.71 Hz. The first four resonance frequencies of scoliosis spine extracted from modal analysis were 0.76, 1.45, 10.51, and 63.82 Hz. The scoliosis spine had the maximum resonance amplitude in the transverse direction, while the kyphosis spine had the maximum resonance amplitude in the anteroposterior direction. The dynamic response in transient analysis exhibited periodic response over time at all levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The scoliosis and kyphosis deformity of the spine significantly complicates the vibration response in the scoliosis and kyphosis areas at the top of the spine. Scoliosis and kyphosis patients are more likely to experience vibrational spinal diseases than healthy people. Besides, applying vertical cyclic loads on a malformed spine may cause further rotation of scoliosis and kyphosis deformities.</p>","PeriodicalId":50640,"journal":{"name":"Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1711-1720"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140295177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Efficient simulation of coupled free and porous media fluid flow within channelised structures using the virtual porous medium model: application to liver interlobular blood flow.","authors":"Nastaran Faraji, Mehdi Mosharaf-Dehkordi","doi":"10.1080/10255842.2025.2536106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10255842.2025.2536106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many living tissues can be modelled as porous media containing blood vessels and numerous capillaries that act as flow channels. Although direct simulation using the Navier-Stokes equations in flow channels coupled with the Brinkman equations in porous regions offers high accuracy, it is computationally expensive. This study proposes a virtual porous medium (VPM) model that approximates capillaries as virtual porous regions with estimated porosity and permeability fields. By employing Darcy's law instead of the Navier-Stokes equations, the VPM model significantly reduces computational cost. To evaluate its accuracy and efficiency, several 2D and 3D test cases related to interlobular blood flow in the liver are presented. Each case, in fact, features blood vessels surrounding a channelised porous medium, representing liver tissue embedded with capillaries. Numerical results indicate that the VPM model generally produces acceptable predictions, with 2-norm errors for pressure and velocity fields at 3 and 2.2%, respectively. Additionally, the CPU time required is approximately 60% less compared to the direct pore-scale approach. Furthermore, the VPM model accurately captures the primary flow characteristics in channelised porous media, demonstrating its effectiveness for simulating coupled free and porous media flows.</p>","PeriodicalId":50640,"journal":{"name":"Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144765769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ning Zhao, Tian Zhang, Tianyu Zhang, Baohui Wang, Weina Mu, Fan Wang
{"title":"Effect of blood viscosity on the hemodynamics of arteriovenous fistulae based on numerical investigation.","authors":"Ning Zhao, Tian Zhang, Tianyu Zhang, Baohui Wang, Weina Mu, Fan Wang","doi":"10.1080/10255842.2024.2333926","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10255842.2024.2333926","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the most commonly used vascular access for hemodialysis in patients with end-stage renal disease. Vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and thrombosis, triggered by altered hemodynamic conditions, are the main causes of access failure. Changes in blood viscosity accelerate access dysfunction by affecting local velocities and wall shear stress (WSS) distribution in the circulation. Numerical simulation was employed to analyze and compare the hemodynamic behavior of AVF under different blood viscosities (0.001-0.012 Pa∙s). An idealized three-dimensional model with end-to-side anastomosis was established. Transient simulations were conducted using pulsatile inlet velocity and outflow as boundary conditions. The simulation results reveal the blood flow state of AVF under different viscosity physiological conditions and derive the rule of change. When blood viscosity increases, the local velocity in the disturbed region slows down and the stagnation time becomes longer, resulting in increased deposition of substances. As blood viscosity increases, the level of shear stress on the entire wall of the fistula increases accordingly. WSS values at high viscosities above 0.007 Pa∙s showed significantly larger low-shear regions near the anastomosis and increased chances of inducing atheromatous plaques. This research has revealed the correlation between blood dynamic viscosity and the hemodynamic behavior of AVF. Elevated whole blood viscosity increases the incidence of access obstruction and vascular disease leading to fistula failure. The study provides a basis for optimizing the distribution of hemodynamic parameters in the fistula for hemodialysis patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":50640,"journal":{"name":"Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1721-1733"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140337587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jan-Oliver Sass, Kurt Johnson, Jean-Baptiste Darques, Lucas Buerstenbinder, Iman Soodmand, Rainer Bader, Maeruan Kebbach
{"title":"Influence of posterior cruciate ligament tension on tibiofemoral and patellofemoral joint contact mechanics in cruciate-retaining total knee replacement: a combined musculoskeletal multibody and finite-element simulation.","authors":"Jan-Oliver Sass, Kurt Johnson, Jean-Baptiste Darques, Lucas Buerstenbinder, Iman Soodmand, Rainer Bader, Maeruan Kebbach","doi":"10.1080/10255842.2024.2329946","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10255842.2024.2329946","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The influence of posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) tension on the clinical outcome of cruciate-retaining total knee replacement (CR-TKR) remains controversial. Various numerical approaches have been used to study this influence systematically, but the models used are limited by certain assumptions and simplifications. Therefore, the objective of this computational study was to develop a combined musculoskeletal multibody and finite-element simulation during a squat motion to 90° knee flexion with a CR-TKR design to overcome previous limitations regarding model inputs. In addition, different PCL tensions (tight, lax, resected) were modeled and the influence on tibiofemoral and resurfaced patellofemoral joint dynamics and contact stresses was evaluated. The effect of the PCL on knee joint dynamics and contact stresses was more pronounced at higher flexion angles. Tibiofemoral joint dynamics were influenced and a tight PCL induced increased posterior femoral translation during flexion. The maximum contact stress in the tibial insert increased from 20.6 MPa to 22.5 MPa for the resected and tightest PCL at 90° knee flexion. Patellofemoral joint dynamics were only slightly affected by PCL tension. However, the maximum contact stress in the patellar component decreased from 58.0 MPa to 53.7 MPa for the resected and tightest PCL at 90° knee flexion. The combination of musculoskeletal multibody and finite-element simulation is a sufficient method to comprehensively investigate knee joint dynamics and contact stresses in CR-TKR. The PCL tension after CR-TKR affects joint dynamics and contact stresses at the articulating implant surfaces.</p>","PeriodicalId":50640,"journal":{"name":"Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1577-1589"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140177487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparative study of plaque surface temperature and blood heat transfer in a stenosed blood vessel with different symmetrical configurations.","authors":"Sidharth Sankar Das, Swarup Kumar Mahapatra","doi":"10.1080/10255842.2024.2330701","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10255842.2024.2330701","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The presence of macrophage cells inside plaque can lead to a change in plaque temperature, which can be measured by using arterial wall thermographic techniques to predict the severity of stenosis in the vessel without complicated surgery. This study aims to analyze the effect of plaque symmetricity with a similar degree of stenosis (DOS) on plaque surface temperature and blood heat transfer in a straight vessel. This analysis aims towards predicting the severity of stenosis in a straight blood vessel through plaque temperature as an indicator. Two cases are being analyzed here; case 1 and case 2 refer to having similar vessel dimensions and an overall degree of stenosis (DOS) of 70%, with the exception of case 1 having a symmetrically developed plaque while case 2 refers to an asymmetrically developed plaque. Euler-Euler multiphase method with the application of the granular model is being applied in this study. At peak systole (0.2 s into the 10th cardiac cycle) in a cardiac cycle, the increase in plaque surface temperature at exit is higher in case of a symmetrically developed stenosis compared to an asymmetric one but the reverse situation happens during end systole (0.5 s into the 10th cardiac cycle). Although the population of macrophages in a plaque is a deciding factor of the thermal signature of a plaque, the symmetricity variation also needs to be taken into consideration while plaque progression is being diagnosed through thermographic technique.</p>","PeriodicalId":50640,"journal":{"name":"Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1605-1625"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140337586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analysis of the human liver model through semi-analytical and numerical techniques with non-singular kernel.","authors":"Akshey, Twinkle R Singh","doi":"10.1080/10255842.2024.2332370","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10255842.2024.2332370","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This work consists of the study of the time-fractional human liver model with the Caputo-Fabrizio fractional derivative. The existence and uniqueness of the proposed model are shown using fixed point theory. Also, the stability of the considered model is shown using the Ulam Hyres theorem and the Lyapunov function. The solution of the proposed model is obtained using a semi-analytical and numerical scheme. The series solution obtained from the semi-analytical method gives the proper result at any time, similarly, the numerical scheme gives the solution for a long time. The obtained numerical results are compared with real clinical data and earlier published work and found to be very close to real data than earlier published work. Results in the graphs and tables show that the proposed fractional-order model is superior to the traditional model.</p>","PeriodicalId":50640,"journal":{"name":"Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1626-1638"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140332196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}