{"title":"Treatment prediction with machine learning in prostate cancer patients.","authors":"Emre Alataş, Handan Tanyıldızı Kökkülünk, Hilal Tanyıldızı, Goksel Alcın","doi":"10.1080/10255842.2023.2298364","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10255842.2023.2298364","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There are various treatment modalities for prostate cancer, which has a high incidence. In this study, it is aimed to make predictions with machine learning in order to determine the optimal treatment option for prostate cancer patients. The study included 88 male patients diagnosed with prostate cancer. Independent variables were determined as Gleason scores, biopsy, PSA, SUV<sub>max</sub>, and age. Prostate cancer treatments, which are dependent variables, were determined as hormone therapy(<i>n</i> = 30), radiotherapy(<i>n</i> = 28) and radiotherapy + hormone therapy(<i>n</i> = 30). Machine learning was carried out in the Python with SVM, RF, DT, ETC and XGBoost. Metrics such as accuracy, ROC curve, and AUC were used to evaluate the performance of multi-class predictions. The model with the highest number of successful predictions was the XGBoost. False negative rates for hormone therapy, radiotherapy, and radiotherapy + hormone therapy treatments were, respectively, 12.5, 33.3, and 0%. The accuracy values were computed as 0.61, 0.83, 0.83, 0.72 and 0.89 for SVM, RF, DT, ETC and XGBoost, respectively. The three features that had the greatest influence on the treatment model prediction for prostate cancer with XGBoost were biopsy, Gleason score (3 + 3), and PSA level, respectively. According to the AUC, ROC and accuracy, it was determined that the XGBoost was the model that made the best estimation of prostate cancer treatment. Among the variables biopsy, Gleason score, and PSA level are identified as key variables in prediction of treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":50640,"journal":{"name":"Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering","volume":" ","pages":"572-580"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139040856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Begona Garate Andikoetxea, Sara Ajami, Naiara Rodriguez-Florez, N U Owase Jeelani, David Dunaway, Silvia Schievano, Alessandro Borghi
{"title":"Towards a radiation free numerical modelling framework to predict spring assisted correction of scaphocephaly.","authors":"Begona Garate Andikoetxea, Sara Ajami, Naiara Rodriguez-Florez, N U Owase Jeelani, David Dunaway, Silvia Schievano, Alessandro Borghi","doi":"10.1080/10255842.2023.2294262","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10255842.2023.2294262","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sagittal Craniosynostosis (SC) is a congenital craniofacial malformation, involving premature sagittal suture ossification; spring-assisted cranioplasty (SAC) - insertion of metallic distractors for skull reshaping - is an established method for treating SC. Surgical outcomes are predictable using numerical modelling, however published methods rely on computed tomography (CT) scans availability, which are not routinely performed. We investigated a simplified method, based on radiation-free 3D stereophotogrammetry scans. Eight SAC patients (age 5.1 ± 0.4 months) with preoperative CT and 3D stereophotogrammetry scans were included. Information on osteotomies, spring model and post-operative spring opening were recorded. For each patient, two preoperative models (PREOP) were created: i) CT model and ii) S model, created by processing patient specific 3D surface scans using population averaged skin and skull thickness and suture locations. Each model was imported into ANSYS Mechanical (Analysis System Inc., Canonsburg, PA) to simulate spring expansion. Spring expansion and cranial index (CI - skull width over length) at times equivalent to immediate postop (POSTOP) and follow up (FU) were extracted and compared with in-vivo measurements. Overall expansion patterns were very similar for the 2 models at both POSTOP and FU. Both models had comparable outcomes when predicting spring expansion. Spring induced CI increase was similar, with a difference of 1.2%±0.8% for POSTOP and 1.6%±0.6% for FU. This work shows that a simplified model created from the head surface shape yields acceptable results in terms of spring expansion prediction. Further modelling refinements will allow the use of this predictive tool during preoperative planning.</p>","PeriodicalId":50640,"journal":{"name":"Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering","volume":" ","pages":"477-486"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11854028/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138813042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pablo F S Chacon, Maria Hammer, Isabell Wochner, Johannes R Walter, Syn Schmitt
{"title":"A physiologically enhanced muscle spindle model: using a Hill-type model for extrafusal fibers as template for intrafusal fibers.","authors":"Pablo F S Chacon, Maria Hammer, Isabell Wochner, Johannes R Walter, Syn Schmitt","doi":"10.1080/10255842.2023.2293652","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10255842.2023.2293652","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The muscle spindle is an essential proprioceptor, significantly involved in sensing limb position and movement. Although biological spindle models exist for years, the gold-standard for motor control in biomechanics are still sensors built of homogenized spindle output models due to their simpler combination with neuro-musculoskeletal models. Aiming to improve biomechanical simulations, this work establishes a more physiological model of the muscle spindle, aligned to the advantage of easy integration into large-scale musculoskeletal models. We implemented four variations of a spindle model in Matlab/Simulink®: the Mileusnic et al. (2006) model, Mileusnic model without mass, our enhanced Hill-type model, and our enhanced Hill-type model with parallel damping element (PDE). Different stretches in the intrafusal fibers were simulated in all model variations following the spindle afferent recorded in previous experiments in feline soleus muscle. Additionally, the enhanced Hill-type models had their parameters extensively optimized to match the experimental conditions, and the resulting model was validated against data from rats' triceps surae muscle. As result, the Mileusnic models present a better overall performance generating the afferent firings compared to the common data evaluated. However, the enhanced Hill-type model with PDE exhibits a more stable performance than the original Mileusnic model, at the same time that presents a well-tuned Hill-type model as muscle spindle fibers, and also accounts for real sarcomere force-length and force-velocity aspects. Finally, our activation dynamics is similar to the one applied to Hill-type model for extrafusal fibers, making our proposed model more easily integrated in multi-body simulations.</p>","PeriodicalId":50640,"journal":{"name":"Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering","volume":" ","pages":"430-449"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138832834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Farhan, Zahir Shah, Rashid Jan, Saeed Islam, Mansoor H Alshehri, Zhi Ling
{"title":"A fractional modeling approach for the transmission dynamics of measles with double-dose vaccination.","authors":"Muhammad Farhan, Zahir Shah, Rashid Jan, Saeed Islam, Mansoor H Alshehri, Zhi Ling","doi":"10.1080/10255842.2023.2297171","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10255842.2023.2297171","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Measles, a member of the Paramyxoviridae family and the Morbillivirus genus, is an infectious disease caused by the measles virus that is extremely contagious and can be prevented through vaccination. When a person with the measles coughs or sneezes, the virus is disseminated by respiratory droplets. Normally, the appearance of measles symptoms takes 10-14 d following viral exposure. Conjunctivitis, a high temperature, a cough, a runny nose, and a distinctive rash are some of the symptoms. Despite the measles vaccination being available, it is still widespread worldwide. To eradicate measles, the Reproduction Number (i.e. <math><mrow><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mn>0</mn></msub></mrow><mo><</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></math>) must remain less than unity. This study examines a <i>SEIVR</i> compartmental model in the caputo sense using a double dose of vaccine to simulate the measles outbreak. The reproduction number <math><mrow><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mn>0</mn></msub></mrow></mrow></math> and model properties are both thoroughly examined. Both the local and global stabilities of the proposed model are determined for <math><mrow><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mn>0</mn></msub></mrow></mrow></math> less and greater than 1. To achieve the model's global stability, the Lyapunov function is used while the existence and uniqueness of the proposed model are demonstrated In addition to the calculated and fitted biological parameters, the forward sensitivity indices for <math><mrow><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mn>0</mn></msub></mrow></mrow></math> are also obtained. Simulations of the proposed fractional order (FO) caputo model are performed in order to analyse their graphical representations and the significance of FO derivatives to illustrate how our theoretical findings have an impact. The graphical results show that the measles outbreak is reduced by increasing vaccine dosage rates.</p>","PeriodicalId":50640,"journal":{"name":"Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering","volume":" ","pages":"511-528"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139040854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nonlinear optimal control for the multi-variable tumor-growth dynamics.","authors":"G Rigatos","doi":"10.1080/10255842.2023.2297660","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10255842.2023.2297660","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The multivariable tumor-growth dynamic model has been widely used to describe the inhibition of tumor-cells proliferation under the simultaneous infusion of multiple chemotherapeutic drugs. In this article, a nonlinear optimal (H-infinity) control method is developed for the multi-variable tumor-growth model. First, differential flatness properties are proven for the associated state-space description. Next, the state-space description undergoes approximate linearization with the use of first-order Taylor series expansion and through the computation of the associated Jacobian matrices. The linearization process takes place at each sampling instant around a time-varying operating point which is defined by the present value of the system's state vector and by the last sampled value of the control inputs vector. For the approximately linearized model of the system a stabilizing H-infinity feedback controller is designed. To compute the controller's gains an algebraic Riccati equation has to be repetitively solved at each time-step of the control algorithm. The global stability properties of the control scheme are proven through Lyapunov analysis. Finally, the performance of the nonlinear optimal control method is compared against a flatness-based control approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":50640,"journal":{"name":"Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering","volume":" ","pages":"529-557"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139075760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hemalatha Karnan, D Uma Maheswari, D Priyadharshini, S Laushya, T K Thivyaprakas
{"title":"Cognizance detection during mental arithmetic task using statistical approach.","authors":"Hemalatha Karnan, D Uma Maheswari, D Priyadharshini, S Laushya, T K Thivyaprakas","doi":"10.1080/10255842.2023.2298362","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10255842.2023.2298362","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The handheld diagnosis and analysis are highly dependent on the physiological data in the clinical sector. Detection of the defect in the neuronal-assisted activity raises the challenge to the prevailing treatment that benefits from machine learning approaches. The congregated EEG data is then utilized in design of learning applications to develop a model that classifies intricate EEG patterns into active and inactive segments. During arithmetic problem-solving EEG signal acquired from frontal lobe contributes for intelligence detection. The low intricate statistical parameters help in understanding the objective. The mean of the segmented samples and standard deviation are the features extracted for model building. The feature selection is handled using correlation and Fisher score between {Fp1 and F8} and priority ranking of the regions with enhanced activity are selected for the classifier models to the training net. The R-studio platform is used to classify the data based on active and inactive liability. The radial basis function kernel for support vector machine (SVM) is deployed to substantiate the proposed methodology. The vulnerable regions F1 and F8 for arithmetic activity can be visualized from the correlation fit performed between regions. Using SVM classifier sensitivity of 92.5% is obtained for the selected features. A wide range of clinical problems can be diagnosed using this model and used for brain-computer interface.</p>","PeriodicalId":50640,"journal":{"name":"Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering","volume":" ","pages":"558-571"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139075758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qingwei Yang, Chunlong Shan, Bo Zhao, Wei Liu, Jizhe Hai
{"title":"The effect of early weight-bearing on bone fusion after triple arthrodesis.","authors":"Qingwei Yang, Chunlong Shan, Bo Zhao, Wei Liu, Jizhe Hai","doi":"10.1080/10255842.2023.2293646","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10255842.2023.2293646","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Triple arthrodesis is an effective method for treating stiff horseshoe feet and severe osteoarthritis. However, it is still a challenge to improve postoperative bone fusion by changing early weight-bearing. This study improved the classical bone remodeling algorithm, established a mathematical relationship between density change rate and mechanical stimulation, and combined it with finite element theory. The proposed algorithm can not only predict the effect of early weight-bearing on triple arthrodesis but also visually demonstrate the change of bone mineral density with time. The analysis results indicated that 2.5% of the initial load was a potential factor leading to bone nonunion, and 50% of the initial load would result in bone resorption. Meanwhile, it was found that 25% of the external load was more conducive to postoperative rehabilitation. The study results have theoretical significance for enhancing the effect of postoperative bone fusion and formulating a more scientific rehabilitation program, thereby supporting patients' postoperative rehabilitation exercise.</p>","PeriodicalId":50640,"journal":{"name":"Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering","volume":" ","pages":"419-429"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139479584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Functionally graded stem optimizes the fixed and sliding surface coupling mechanism.","authors":"Mincong Wang, Yuzhu Wang, Yue Meng, Chenglong Pan","doi":"10.1080/10255842.2023.2293654","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10255842.2023.2293654","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Whether the optimization of fixed surface and sliding surface coupling mechanism is related to the hierarchical level of functionally graded porous stem is unknown. The functionally graded porous finite element stem models were constructed using tetrahedral microstructure with the porosities of 47-95%. The stress distribution for femoral bone gradually strengthened, the stress shielding was decreased along the increase of hierarchical levels of the stem after implantation. The coupling mechanism of fixed and sliding surfaces can be optimized by the functional gradient porous stem, the performance advantages become more prominent with the increase of hierarchical levels of the structure.</p>","PeriodicalId":50640,"journal":{"name":"Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering","volume":" ","pages":"464-476"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138812953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Richard A Perkins, Christopher A Gallo, Athena E Ivanoff, Keegan M Yates, Courtney M Schkurko, Jeffrey T Somers, Nathaniel J Newby, Jerry G Myers, Raj K Prabhu
{"title":"Modeling and simulation credibility assessments of whole-body finite element computational models for use in NASA extravehicular activity applications.","authors":"Richard A Perkins, Christopher A Gallo, Athena E Ivanoff, Keegan M Yates, Courtney M Schkurko, Jeffrey T Somers, Nathaniel J Newby, Jerry G Myers, Raj K Prabhu","doi":"10.1080/10255842.2023.2293653","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10255842.2023.2293653","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Computational finite element (FE) models are used in suited astronaut injury risk assessments; however, these models' verification, validation, and credibility (VV&C) procedures for simulating injuries in altered gravity environments are limited. Our study conducts VV&C assessments of THUMS and Elemance whole-body FE models for predicting suited astronaut injury biomechanics using eight credibility factors, as per NASA-STD-7009A. Credibility factor ordinal scores are assigned by reviewing existing documentation describing VV&C practices, and credibility sufficiency thresholds are assigned based on input from subject matter experts. Our results show the FE models are credible for suited astronaut injury investigation in specific ranges of kinematic and kinetic conditions correlating to highway and contact sports events. Nevertheless, these models are deficient when applied outside these ranges. Several credibility elevation strategies are prescribed to improve models' credibility for the NASA-centric application domain.</p>","PeriodicalId":50640,"journal":{"name":"Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering","volume":" ","pages":"450-463"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138832835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Devara Venkata Krishna, Mamilla Ravi Sankar, Thopireddy Nagendra Reddy
{"title":"Location-dependent behaviour and Johnson-Cook constitutive model parameters for bovine femoral bone.","authors":"Devara Venkata Krishna, Mamilla Ravi Sankar, Thopireddy Nagendra Reddy","doi":"10.1080/10255842.2025.2470799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10255842.2025.2470799","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The bone's inhomogeneous structure instigates the varied mechanical properties from point to point, resulting in the constitutive model developed for a particular region failing when adopted for an arbitrary area. In the present study, bovine femoral bone diaphysis is partitioned into lower, mid, and upper diaphysis. The constitutive model was developed using the experimental data of uniaxial tensile test performed at various strain rates considering the locational variation of bone mineral density, which can be adapted for any arbitrary region of the femoral bone. The results showed that the predictive accuracy of the proposed model is within the acceptable range.</p>","PeriodicalId":50640,"journal":{"name":"Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143532128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}