Riccardo Pieroni, Matteo Corno, Filippo Parravicini, Sergio M. Savaresi
{"title":"Design of an automated street crossing management module for a delivery robot","authors":"Riccardo Pieroni, Matteo Corno, Filippo Parravicini, Sergio M. Savaresi","doi":"10.1016/j.conengprac.2024.106095","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conengprac.2024.106095","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Autonomous navigation of mobile robots in urban environments is a complex problem, that can be decomposed in several tasks. Among them, autonomous street crossing is particularly difficult because it requires the robot to estimate the position and speed of surrounding vehicles and to decide which is the best action to perform based on such information. This paper develops the entire pipeline that implements autonomous street crossing; the approach is composed of an extended target tracking algorithm that estimates the position and velocity of obstacles and a crossing algorithm that determines the best crossing strategy to negotiate an unregulated intersection (<em>i.e.</em> without traffic lights) based on the other vehicles’ behavior. The method is first validated in an ad hoc simulation environment, and then experimentally tested using a prototype parcel delivery robot operating in a real urban environment. The results show that the robot is capable of tracking incoming vehicles and managing the crossing with good performance, in terms of the time taken to cross the road and of actions performed by the robot during the interaction with vehicles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50615,"journal":{"name":"Control Engineering Practice","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 106095"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142319377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Serdar Coskun , Ozan Yazar , Fengqi Zhang , Lin Li , Cong Huang , Hamid Reza Karimi
{"title":"A multi-objective hierarchical deep reinforcement learning algorithm for connected and automated HEVs energy management","authors":"Serdar Coskun , Ozan Yazar , Fengqi Zhang , Lin Li , Cong Huang , Hamid Reza Karimi","doi":"10.1016/j.conengprac.2024.106104","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conengprac.2024.106104","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Connected and autonomous vehicles have offered unprecedented opportunities to improve fuel economy and reduce emissions of hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) in vehicular platoons. In this context, a hierarchical control strategy is put forward for connected HEVs. Firstly, we consider a deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) algorithm to compute the optimized vehicle speed using a trained optimal policy via vehicle-to-vehicle communication in the upper level. A multi-objective reward function is introduced, integrating vehicle fuel consumption, battery state-of-the-charge, emissions, and vehicle car-following objectives. Secondly, an adaptive equivalent consumption minimization strategy is devised to implement vehicle-level torque allocation in the platoon. Two drive cycles, HWFET and human-in-the-loop simulator driving cycles are utilized for realistic testing of the considered platoon energy management. It is shown that DDPG runs the engine more efficiently than the widely-implemented Q-learning and deep Q-network, thus showing enhanced fuel savings. Further, the contribution of this paper is to speed up the higher-level vehicular control application of deep learning algorithms in the connected and automated HEV platoon energy management applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50615,"journal":{"name":"Control Engineering Practice","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 106104"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142319378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Peiyuan Yu , Ying Zhou , Xiujun Sun , Hongqiang Sang , Shuai Zhang
{"title":"Station-keeping strategy for wave gliders considering obstacle area","authors":"Peiyuan Yu , Ying Zhou , Xiujun Sun , Hongqiang Sang , Shuai Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.conengprac.2024.106093","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conengprac.2024.106093","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An obstacle mode station-keeping strategy that considers obstacles in the station-keeping center area is proposed for wave gliders (WGs) to cope with special applications such as oil spill monitoring on drilling platforms and observation around the island. Different from the traditional station-keeping strategy which requires closing in the preset position as much as possible, this strategy uses the adaptive integral line of sight (AILOS) algorithm to make the WG sail around the preset obstacle area. A partitioning control strategy based on distance error is introduced to divide three areas according to the risk level: warning area, escape area and obstacle area. A tan-type barrier Lyapunov function (BLF) is introduced into the warning area control method to determine the boundary. To avoid the potential risk of collision, the escape area control strategy is to make the WG move away from the obstacle area as quickly as possible. Simulation and sea trial results verified the capability of the proposed station-keeping strategy in a stable ocean environment and the station-keeping safety of the WG using this strategy under extreme situations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50615,"journal":{"name":"Control Engineering Practice","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 106093"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142314871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qianjiao Xu , Bing Cui , Pengcheng Wang , Yuanqing Xia , Yonghe Zhang
{"title":"Finite frequency domain H∞ hybrid control design of drag-free spacecraft with model-based generalized extended state observer","authors":"Qianjiao Xu , Bing Cui , Pengcheng Wang , Yuanqing Xia , Yonghe Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.conengprac.2024.106096","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conengprac.2024.106096","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For the drag-free spacecraft on the space-borne gravitational wave detection mission, the drag-free control scheme is considered one of the core technologies to achieve the ultra-quiet-stable control requirements in the measurement bandwidth (MBW). This high-precision control performance is constrained by actuation noises, measurement noises, environmental disturbances, and the limited control bandwidth. In order to address these difficulties, a finite frequency domain double closed-loop control (DCC) framework with the parameter design method is proposed in this paper. First, a model-based generalized extended state observer (MGESO) framework is proposed. This framework integrates plant estimation and disturbance estimation components to accurately estimate those disturbances and noises with lower orders. Then, based on the MGESO framework, the DCC framework is proposed for drag-free control. Within the control structure, the performance specifications can be directly divided into the inner and outer loop performances, which reduces the complexity of the parameter tuning. Subsequently, a finite frequency domain parameter tuning method for the DCC framework is provided, leveraging the generalized Kalman-Yakubovich-Popov (GKYP) lemma. The introduction of the sensitive frequency domain as a design constraint can result in a reduction of control expenditures. Finally, the effectiveness and superiority of the DCC structure are verified in the drag-free spacecraft hardware-in-loop experiment platform.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50615,"journal":{"name":"Control Engineering Practice","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 106096"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142314872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Matheus Ungaretti Borges , Alessandro Pilloni , Gustavo Ribeiro Pontes , Carla Seatzu , Eduardo José Lima II
{"title":"Signal-Interpreted Coloured Petri Nets: A modelling tool for rapid prototyping in feedback-based control of discrete event systems","authors":"Matheus Ungaretti Borges , Alessandro Pilloni , Gustavo Ribeiro Pontes , Carla Seatzu , Eduardo José Lima II","doi":"10.1016/j.conengprac.2024.106099","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conengprac.2024.106099","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Petri nets (PNs) are typically used for design and verification rather than direct control implementation. In this paper, aligning with the Industry 4.0 paradigm’s focus on flexible and reconfigurable control systems, we propose a modelling tool for rapidly prototyping feedback-based discrete-event control algorithms on programmable controllers such as PLCs or microcontroller boards. This modelling tool, named <em>Signal Interpreted Coloured Petri Nets</em> (SICPNs), aims to combine the formal modelling expressiveness of Coloured PNs with the capabilities of Signal Interpreted PNs, which are specialised in processing plant measurements and determining actuator commands. This contribution involves: (a) the formal definition of SICPN; (b) the presentation in the IEC61131-3 compliant SCL language of the so-called <em>Token Player</em>, a software entity designed to support feedback-based decision-making within the SICPN; (c) the validation of the effectiveness of the proposed formalism in controlling an extended configuration of the FESTO Modular Processing Station (MPS) using an Arduino microcontroller via two-way UART serial communications; (d) the modelling of a Digital Twin of the FESTO MPS testbed. The tests demonstrate that, during transitions, the colour and signal interpretation conditions enable the microcontroller to accurately schedule and dynamically reconfigure control actions while keeping the size of the PN-based controller small relative to the control problem’s complexity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50615,"journal":{"name":"Control Engineering Practice","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 106099"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142312224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ye Zhang , Fei Li , Shouli Gao , Dongya Zhao , Xing-Gang Yan , Sarah K. Spurgeon
{"title":"Output consensus for interconnected heterogeneous systems via a combined model predictive control and integral sliding mode control with application to CSTRs","authors":"Ye Zhang , Fei Li , Shouli Gao , Dongya Zhao , Xing-Gang Yan , Sarah K. Spurgeon","doi":"10.1016/j.conengprac.2024.106100","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conengprac.2024.106100","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Interconnected structures are commonly found in process networks. In this paper, an output consensus framework is proposed for a class of continuous interconnected linear heterogeneous systems subject to disturbances and constraints. The distributed output consensus control strategy is developed by combining integral sliding mode control with model predictive control. The integral sliding mode control is designed to eliminate a class of matched disturbances. The model predictive control plays two main roles: On the one hand, it drives the system states to track the steady state values so as to achieve output consensus; on the other hand, it helps to deal with interconnections and constraints existing in systems. In the meantime, a distributed iterative algorithm is designed to acquire the system steady states. A simulation example and an experiment relating to control of systems of interconnected CSTRs are presented to validate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50615,"journal":{"name":"Control Engineering Practice","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 106100"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142271122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"HFTL-KD: A new heterogeneous federated transfer learning approach for degradation trajectory prediction in large-scale decentralized systems","authors":"Shixiang Lu, Zhi-Wei Gao, Yuanhong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.conengprac.2024.106098","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conengprac.2024.106098","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Restrictions arising from the limited training data and privacy preservation make large-scale lithium-ion battery degradation trajectory prediction challenging. In this study, a novel heterogeneous federated transfer learning with knowledge distillation approach is proposed for lithium-ion battery lifetime prediction with scarce training data and privacy concerns. The approach enables each device in large-scale decentralized system to not only own its private data, but also a unique network designed based on its resource constraints. Specifically, the central server first designs its unique network according to the resource constraints of each device, and trains the network on publicly available data with entire degradation cycles, thus avoiding the high cost of collecting abundant degradation cycles. Then, the trained model is transferred to each device for collaborative training, in which the knowledge of heterogeneous models extracted by knowledge distillation is used for communication between the isolated devices, rather than the parameters in conventional federated learning. Extensive real-world datasets are leveraged to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The comparison results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms seven benchmarks. An ablation study indicates that the approach can achieve satisfactory battery residual life prediction while preserving privacy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50615,"journal":{"name":"Control Engineering Practice","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 106098"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142271121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Johannes Lips , Stefan DeYoung , Max Schönsteiner , Hendrik Lens
{"title":"Closed-loop identification of a MSW grate incinerator using Bayesian Optimization for selecting model inputs and structure","authors":"Johannes Lips , Stefan DeYoung , Max Schönsteiner , Hendrik Lens","doi":"10.1016/j.conengprac.2024.106075","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conengprac.2024.106075","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The creation of low-order dynamic models for complex industrial systems is complicated by disturbances and limited sensor accuracy. This work presents a system identification procedure that uses machine learning methods and process knowledge to robustly identify a low-order closed-loop model of a municipal solid waste (MSW) grate incineration plant. These types of plants are known for their strong disturbances coming from fuel composition variations. Using Bayesian Optimization, the algorithm both ranks and selects inputs from the available sensor data and chooses the model structure from a broad grey-box model class. This results in accurate low-order models that respect the known physics of the process. Multiple flue gas composition measurements are used as inputs to provide information on the fuel composition. The method is applied and validated using data of an industrial MSW incineration plant and compared against four established methods, of which the resulting models either show unphysical dynamic behaviour or have lower performance than the proposed method. Also on a numerical benchmark, the proposed method outperforms the alternative methods. The obtained MSW incinerator models give excellent predictions and confidence intervals for the steam capacity and intermediate quantities such as supply air flow and flue gas temperature. The identified continuous-time models are fully given, and their step-response dynamics are discussed. The models can be used to develop model-based coordinated unit control schemes for grate incineration plants. The presented method shows great potential for low-order grey-box identification of systems with partial knowledge of the model structure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50615,"journal":{"name":"Control Engineering Practice","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 106075"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S096706612400234X/pdfft?md5=8796b038ca54c107762b6350dafb8d27&pid=1-s2.0-S096706612400234X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142243712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Two-stage spatiotemporal cooperative reentry guidance strategy using transformer and improved beluga whale optimization","authors":"Xindi Tong , Jia Song , Cheng Xu , Jianglong Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.conengprac.2024.106078","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conengprac.2024.106078","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This research addresses the challenge of insufficient control margin caused by the coupling of multiple constraints in the cooperative precise reentry guidance of hypersonic vehicles. Drawing inspiration from the concept of spatiotemporal decoupling control, a rapid guidance strategy is developed to ensure precise handling of all constraints, including attack time, attack angle, and trajectory constraints. Initially, during the early phase of gliding flight, the adjustment of the heading angle is conceptualized as a single variable root-solving problem, in relation to the entrance width of the lateral azimuth error corridor. Subsequently, a lateral azimuth error corridor with adaptively narrowing entrance width, coupled with a Transformer network-based bank angle predictor, is incorporated to achieve precise fine-tuning of the heading angle under the soft constraint of velocity. In the later phase of gliding flight, the design of a cooperative guidance law under complex multiple constraints is transformed into a nonlinear rapid optimization problem of control commands. An enhanced beluga whale optimization suited to this guidance task is proposed. Finally, numerical simulations are carried out to validate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy under both nominal and uncertain conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50615,"journal":{"name":"Control Engineering Practice","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 106078"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142243713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bilal Yousuf , Radu Herzal, Zsófia Lendek, Lucian Buşoniu
{"title":"Multi-agent active multi-target search with intermittent measurements","authors":"Bilal Yousuf , Radu Herzal, Zsófia Lendek, Lucian Buşoniu","doi":"10.1016/j.conengprac.2024.106094","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conengprac.2024.106094","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Consider a multi-agent system that must find an unknown number of static targets at unknown locations as quickly as possible. To estimate the number and positions of targets from noisy and sometimes missing measurements, we use a customized particle-based probability hypothesis density filter. Novel methods are introduced that select waypoints for the agents in a decoupled manner from taking measurements, which allows optimizing over waypoints arbitrarily far in the environment while taking as many measurements as necessary along the way. Optimization involves control cost, target refinement, and exploration of the environment. Measurements are taken either periodically, or only when they are expected to improve target detection, in an event-triggered manner. All this is done in 2D and 3D environments, for a single agent as well as for multiple homogeneous or heterogeneous agents, leading to a comprehensive framework for (Multi-Agent) Active target Search with Intermittent measurements – (MA)ASI. In simulations and real-life experiments involving a Parrot Mambo drone and a TurtleBot3 ground robot, the novel framework works better than baselines including lawnmowers, mutual-information-based methods, active search methods, and our earlier exploration-based techniques.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50615,"journal":{"name":"Control Engineering Practice","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 106094"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0967066124002533/pdfft?md5=78653654583dd04a4d229c6b4aeec997&pid=1-s2.0-S0967066124002533-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142243711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}