Mingdong Hou , Jin Zhao , Yaozhen Han , Haiping Du
{"title":"Data driven sliding mode control with minimum operator and its application on a magnetorheological fluid dual clutch","authors":"Mingdong Hou , Jin Zhao , Yaozhen Han , Haiping Du","doi":"10.1016/j.conengprac.2025.106345","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conengprac.2025.106345","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rate-dependent hysteresis and strong non-linearity have posed significant challenges to the modeling and control of magnetorheological fluid devices, such as magnetorheological fluid clutches for electric vehicle transmission systems, where these clutches must operate in transient states for effective torque tracking. Therefore, in this paper, a modified partial-form dynamic linearization (mPFDL) data model is proposed to describe the relationship between input current and output torque of a magnetorheological fluid dual clutch (MFDC), where an adaptive mechanism is designed to achieve real-time estimation of the uncertain parameter in the mPFDL data model, while the disturbances and unmodeled dynamics are collectively treated as a total extended state that is estimated by a discrete-time extended state observer. Based on the mPFDL model, a minimum operator (MO) based discrete time sliding mode controller is designed to control the transmission torque of the MFDC. Furthermore, the proposed MO-based reaching law limits the rate of variation of the sliding mode variable when it is far from the sliding manifold, and the sliding mode variable remains within the quasi-sliding mode domain in a finite number of steps, as demonstrated by the theoretical analysis. Finally, numerical simulations are performed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme, and experiments based on the MFDC further validate the theoretical findings. The experimental results confirm that the proposed control method can achieve better torque tracking performance than the compared super-twisting algorithm and data-driven control method in both steady and transient states.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50615,"journal":{"name":"Control Engineering Practice","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 106345"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Peng Kong, Bei Sun, Yonggang Li, Chunhua Yang, Weihua Gui
{"title":"A survey on the progression of artificial intelligence techniques in the nonferrous metallurgical industry","authors":"Peng Kong, Bei Sun, Yonggang Li, Chunhua Yang, Weihua Gui","doi":"10.1016/j.conengprac.2025.106353","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conengprac.2025.106353","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nonferrous metals serve as a material base for economic development. With the increasing focus on production safety, environmental protection, and sustainable resource utilization, nonferrous metal enterprises urgently need intelligent transformation and upgrading to remain competitive in the modern era. This paper concisely reviews the literature concerning modeling, process monitoring, optimization, and control in the nonferrous metallurgical (NFM) industry, including traditional approaches and the development and current state of artificial intelligence (AI) applications. AI is increasingly integrating with the unique characteristics of the NFM processes and playing a crucial role at various stages of production. Additionally, this paper explores future directions of intelligent development in the NFM industry, proposing a framework for intelligent optimization control. This framework encompasses a structured and comprehensive perception of production states, plant-wide cross-level collaborative optimization, and intelligent autonomous control at the device level, thus establishing a foundation for the intelligent transformation of NFM enterprises. In conclusion, integrating AI into the NFM industry is poised to enhance operational efficiency and innovation significantly, driving the industry toward a more sustainable and intelligent future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50615,"journal":{"name":"Control Engineering Practice","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 106353"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143829149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Load-sensitive impedance control for resilient force balance in variable displacement electrohydrostatic actuators","authors":"Tangwen Yin , Xiaochun Zhang , Dan Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.conengprac.2025.106329","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conengprac.2025.106329","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Variable displacement electrohydrostatic actuators (VDEHAs) are critical in aerospace and industrial automation due to their high precision, efficiency, and power density. However, achieving resilient force balance remains a significant challenge, impacting control accuracy and stability. This study introduces a novel load-sensitive impedance control (LSIC) framework to address these issues. The proposed approach integrates data-driven mechatronic load cells for vector force feedback with model-free impedance control devices to dynamically adjust mechanical impedance – specifically, inertia, damping, and stiffness – under varying loads. Experimental results demonstrate that the LSIC/VDEHA system significantly minimizes force fluctuations, enhances actuation efficiency, and ensures smooth and stable operation. System-in-the-loop verification on aileron actuation in large flight vehicles highlights the framework’s ability to maintain resilient force balance while reducing hydraulic flow rates and pressures. This innovative method offers a promising solution for advanced mechatronic systems in aerospace, robotics, and automation, enhancing performance, safety, and energy efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50615,"journal":{"name":"Control Engineering Practice","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 106329"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143828251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Proactive management of industrial alarm floods: A reinforcement learning framework for early prediction and operator support","authors":"Md Rezwan Parvez , Mohammad Hossein Roohi , Ziyi Guo , Fangwei Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.conengprac.2025.106341","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conengprac.2025.106341","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An industrial alarm flood indicates the emergence of a major problem and requires immediate and effective measures to mitigate the situation. Without essential information on the current and upcoming alarms, it is difficult to respond efficiently, especially when the alarm rate is significantly high. Thus, a reinforcement learning (RL) approach is proposed in this work for early prediction of an industrial alarm flood so as to provide critical decision support to industrial operators in real-time. The proposed method is implemented mainly in the following steps: (1) An alarm flood pattern extraction strategy is adopted to exclude irrelevant alarms and generate potential online scenarios by exploiting the alarm relations in the historical alarm flood sequences; (2) To analyze alarm information effectively, a novel textual vectorization method based on mutual information is proposed; (3) Finally, the early prediction problem is formulated as a partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP) and the double deep Q-network (DDQN) algorithm is adopted, with modifications to the learning process to ensure both accuracy and earliness. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated using real industrial data from an oil refinery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50615,"journal":{"name":"Control Engineering Practice","volume":"161 ","pages":"Article 106341"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143820978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dynamically allocated individual pitch control for fatigue load reduction in wind turbines","authors":"Kazi Mohsin, Mohammad Odeh, Tri Ngo, Tuhin Das","doi":"10.1016/j.conengprac.2025.106357","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conengprac.2025.106357","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article presents multivariable control designs to improve performance and reduce fatigue loads in wind turbines using torque control, Collective Pitch Control (CPC), and Individual Pitch Control (IPC). Two multi-input, multi-output (MIMO) control structures are proposed in this study. The first approach uses force distribution on blades to design the IPC, while the second uses the Relative Gain Array (RGA), which quantifies the level of interactions between inputs and outputs, to design the IPC. Both approaches use the same torque control and CPC. This work emphasizes the second approach, i.e., the RGA-based IPC. A novel aspect of this approach is the dynamic allocation of IPC, which refers to the change in the input–output pairing as a function of the rotor azimuth angle. The frequency-dependent characteristics of this allocation facilitate fatigue load reduction at targeted frequencies. Extensive simulations show that the RGA-based IPC controller outperforms the first controller in reducing cyclic loads on the blade root bending moment, tower side-to-side, and tower fore-aft bending moments at the frequencies of interest. Moreover, it has no detrimental effects on the rotor speed and power generation, which are regulated by the CPC and torque controller. A Control-oriented, Reconfigurable, and Acausal Floating Turbine Simulator (CRAFTS), developed in-house, is used for design, implementation, and evaluation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50615,"journal":{"name":"Control Engineering Practice","volume":"161 ","pages":"Article 106357"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143820911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Steering angle tracking control of steer-by-wire system with prescribed performance under primary sensor failure","authors":"Xin Zhao, Linhui Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.conengprac.2025.106354","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conengprac.2025.106354","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A key challenge of steer-by-wire systems is that they require a desired steering angle to be followed accurately. In this paper, a steering tracking control method with prescribed performance under sensor failure is proposed to enhance the tracking performance and reliability of steering execution. To mitigate the adverse effect of the coupled steering resistance moment and estimate the unmeasured state variable, a rack force estimator based on an extended disturbance observer is developed. By designing a new preset time performance function, the tracking error is guaranteed to converge to a predefined quantitative constraint within a preset time. Notably, the convergence time and the tracking accuracy can be set arbitrarily, independent of system parameters and initial states. The present study presents a fast fault detection method and formulated corresponding fault-tolerant strategies, aiming to ensure the continued proper functioning of steering tracking control in the event of sensor failures. Through verification and comparison with hardware-in-the-loop experiments, the proposed method achieves high transient and high-precision tracking performance even under aggressive steering and sensor failure conditions, while being easily embedded applied in engineering practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50615,"journal":{"name":"Control Engineering Practice","volume":"161 ","pages":"Article 106354"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143807155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Miao Chen , Lei Si , Jialiang Dai , Yang Liu , Zhongbin Wang , Dong Wei , Xin Li
{"title":"A variable structure robust control strategy for automatic drilling tools loading and unloading system","authors":"Miao Chen , Lei Si , Jialiang Dai , Yang Liu , Zhongbin Wang , Dong Wei , Xin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.conengprac.2025.106340","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conengprac.2025.106340","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Drilling tools loading and unloading for drilling machine is a labor-intensive task. The automatic loading and unloading function of the drilling machine can prominently lessen the labor intensity borne by workers and serves as a key requisite for the full automation of underground drilling equipment. The drilling tools loading and unloading system (DTLUS) is subject to a relatively large load, leading to fluctuations in the hydraulic system’s pressure and flow rate. In view of this, a robust control strategy based on the sliding mode controller is proposed. Aiming at the requirement of suppressing chattering during the operation of the sliding mode controller (SMC), a fuzzy neural network (FNN) parameter adjustment method based on the variable structure control framework is designed, which is intended to enhance the stability and control accuracy of the system, so as to better cope with the complex working conditions of the DTLUS and ensure its efficient and stable operation. The experimental results indicate that the designed controller can reduce mechanical impact and enhance the efficiency of drilling tools loading and unloading.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50615,"journal":{"name":"Control Engineering Practice","volume":"161 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143791320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ziheng Dong, Xing Xu, Shenguang He, Zhongwei Wu, Ju Xie, Te Chen
{"title":"Tire slip angle estimation based lateral stability control strategy for trajectory tracking scenarios of DDAEV","authors":"Ziheng Dong, Xing Xu, Shenguang He, Zhongwei Wu, Ju Xie, Te Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.conengprac.2025.106343","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conengprac.2025.106343","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper proposes an autonomous steering control framework for Distributed Drive Autonomous Electric Vehicles (DDAEV). This framework aims to enhance trajectory tracking accuracy and vehicle stability in challenging road conditions, such as rain and snow. The methodology begins with the design of a tire slip angle estimation strategy, which utilizes a 2-DoF single-track vehicle model and a sliding mode observer to account for tire cornering characteristics. Next, a lateral stability control strategy that incorporates tire slip angle considerations is developed based on sliding mode control (SMC) and lateral stability analysis. Additionally, a trajectory tracking control strategy is proposed, integrating a dual-motor autonomous steering system. This system combines model predictive control (MPC) and a steering rack displacement tracking controller to achieve accurate tracking of the target trajectory. Finally, simulation and Hardware-in-the-Loop (HiL) test results demonstrate that the proposed control framework for DDAEVs significantly enhances trajectory tracking accuracy and stability under wet road surface.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50615,"journal":{"name":"Control Engineering Practice","volume":"161 ","pages":"Article 106343"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143791485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wenlin Zhou , BinCheng Li , ChangHui Rao , Jinlong Huang , Junzhang Qian , Ping Jiang , Xin Li
{"title":"High accuracy eliminating image rotation control system for optical telescope","authors":"Wenlin Zhou , BinCheng Li , ChangHui Rao , Jinlong Huang , Junzhang Qian , Ping Jiang , Xin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.conengprac.2025.106342","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conengprac.2025.106342","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>When an optical telescope tracks dim celestial bodies, the camera requires a long-time exposure to obtain clear target images. Due to the self-rotation of the Earth, for an alt-azimuth telescope, this will result in a rotation of the field of view. To counteract the rotation, an eliminating image rotation mechanism (EIRM) is required. This paper introduces a new EIRM, which is low cost and easy to install. Due to the unavoidable backlash and nonlinearity of stepper motor, the accurate model of EIRM is difficult to obtain. In order to improve the control accuracy of EIRM, a novel control algorithm based on sigmoid function and speed feed-forward is proposed. Control experiments based on proportional integral (PI) control, Fuzzy-PI and proposed controller were conducted, and the results showed that the proposed algorithm has the smallest tracking error. Lastly, the mechanism is installed on a 1.2-meter aperture optical telescope, and the observation results further demonstrate the effectiveness of this method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50615,"journal":{"name":"Control Engineering Practice","volume":"161 ","pages":"Article 106342"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143783622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Monitoring large-scale industrial systems for wastewater treatment processes with process noise using data-driven NARX approach","authors":"Wentao Liu , Shaoyuan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.conengprac.2025.106321","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conengprac.2025.106321","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wastewater treatment processes (WWTPs) are large-scale systems comprising multiple biological reactors, which are essential for preventing water pollution and promoting water reuse. Safety assessment and accurate process monitoring are crucial for maintaining the effluent quality of WWTPs. However, the presence of uncertainties and process noise degrades the performance of fault detection models, posing significant challenges to reliable monitoring. This paper proposes a data-driven fault detection framework for monitoring failures in wastewater treatment processes affected by impulsive noise. The fault detection model employs nonlinear autoregressive with exogenous input (NARX) neural networks to construct the residual generator with the aid of robust continuous mixed <span><math><mi>p</mi></math></span>-norm optimization. Robust continuous mixed <span><math><mi>p</mi></math></span>-norm combines multiple error <span><math><mi>p</mi></math></span>-norms to enhance the cost function with diverse error information, minimizing it to produce adaptive gains that adjust the training gain based on data quality at each step. When impulsive noise occurs, the correction term for parameter estimation approaches zero, enabling the model to achieve greater robustness against impulsive noise compared to existing methods. Additionally, the fault detection model incorporates an adaptive moment estimation-based variable-step algorithm to enhance convergence by adaptively adjusting the learning rate. The proposed method is applied to the benchmark simulation model no. 1, and experimental results demonstrate that it achieves accurate detection rates for monitoring WWTPs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50615,"journal":{"name":"Control Engineering Practice","volume":"161 ","pages":"Article 106321"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143760951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}