Christina Lillesaar, William Norton, Daniel Liedtke, Sachiko Tsuda
{"title":"Understanding disorders of the human nervous system: How fish models reveal disease mechanisms from single molecules to behavior (part 1)","authors":"Christina Lillesaar, William Norton, Daniel Liedtke, Sachiko Tsuda","doi":"10.1111/dgd.12894","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dgd.12894","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50589,"journal":{"name":"Development Growth & Differentiation","volume":"65 8","pages":"432-433"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50163512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Genomic variation in neurons","authors":"Sunjidmaa Zolzaya, Ayano Narumoto, Yu Katsuyama","doi":"10.1111/dgd.12898","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dgd.12898","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Neurons born during the fetal period have extreme longevity and survive until the death of the individual because the human brain has highly limited tissue regeneration. The brain is comprised of an enormous variety of neurons each exhibiting different morphological and physiological characteristics and recent studies have further reported variations in their genome including chromosomal abnormalities, copy number variations, and single nucleotide mutations. During the early stages of brain development, the increasing number of neurons generated at high speeds has been proposed to lead to chromosomal instability. Additionally, mutations in the neuronal genome can occur in the mature brain. This observed genomic mosaicism in the brain can be produced by multiple endogenous and environmental factors and careful analyses of these observed variations in the neuronal genome remain central for our understanding of the genetic basis of neurological disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":50589,"journal":{"name":"Development Growth & Differentiation","volume":"66 1","pages":"35-42"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49684490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Technologies for whole-cell modeling: Genome-wide reconstruction of a cell in silico","authors":"Kazunari Kaizu, Koichi Takahashi","doi":"10.1111/dgd.12897","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dgd.12897","url":null,"abstract":"<p>With advances in high-throughput, large-scale in vivo measurement and genome modification techniques at the single-nucleotide level, there is an increasing demand for the development of new technologies for the flexible design and control of cellular systems. Computer-aided design is a powerful tool to design new cells. Whole-cell modeling aims to integrate various cellular subsystems, determine their interactions and cooperative mechanisms, and predict comprehensive cellular behaviors by computational simulations on a genome-wide scale. It has been applied to prokaryotes, yeasts, and higher eukaryotic cells, and utilized in a wide range of applications, including production of valuable substances, drug discovery, and controlled differentiation. Whole-cell modeling, consisting of several thousand elements with diverse scales and properties, requires innovative model construction, simulation, and analysis techniques. Furthermore, whole-cell modeling has been extended to multiple scales, including high-resolution modeling at the single-nucleotide and single-amino acid levels and multicellular modeling of tissues and organs. This review presents an overview of the current state of whole-cell modeling, discusses the novel computational and experimental technologies driving it, and introduces further developments toward multihierarchical modeling on a whole-genome scale.</p>","PeriodicalId":50589,"journal":{"name":"Development Growth & Differentiation","volume":"65 9","pages":"554-564"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dgd.12897","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49684491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alessandro Alunni, Constance Pierre, Jorge Torres-Paz, Natacha Clairet, Auriane Langlumé, Marie Pavie, Thomas Escoffier-Pirouelle, Michael Leblanc, Maryline Blin, Sylvie Rétaux
{"title":"An Astyanax mexicanus mao knockout line uncovers the developmental roles of monoamine homeostasis in fish brain","authors":"Alessandro Alunni, Constance Pierre, Jorge Torres-Paz, Natacha Clairet, Auriane Langlumé, Marie Pavie, Thomas Escoffier-Pirouelle, Michael Leblanc, Maryline Blin, Sylvie Rétaux","doi":"10.1111/dgd.12896","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dgd.12896","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Monoaminergic systems are conserved in vertebrates, yet they present variations in neuroanatomy, genetic components and functions across species. MonoAmine Oxidase, or MAO, is the enzyme responsible for monoamine degradation. While mammals possess two genes, <i>MAO-A</i> and <i>MAO-B</i>, fish possess one single <i>mao</i> gene. To study the function of MAO and monoamine homeostasis on fish brain development and physiology, here we have generated a <i>mao</i> knockout line in <i>Astyanax mexicanus</i> (surface fish), by CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Homozygote <i>mao</i> knockout larvae died at 13 days post-fertilization. Through a time-course analysis, we report that hypothalamic serotonergic neurons undergo fine and dynamic regulation of serotonin level upon loss of <i>mao</i> function, in contrast to those in the raphe, which showed continuously increased serotonin levels – as expected. Dopaminergic neurons were not affected by <i>mao</i> loss-of-function. At behavioral level, knockout fry showed a transient decrease in locomotion that followed the variations in the hypothalamus serotonin neuronal levels. Finally, we discovered a drastic effect of <i>mao</i> knockout on brain progenitors proliferation in the telencephalon and hypothalamus, including a reduction in the number of proliferative cells and an increase of the cell cycle length. Altogether, our results show that MAO has multiple and varied effects on <i>Astyanax mexicanus</i> brain development. Mostly, they bring novel support to the idea that serotonergic neurons in the hypothalamus and raphe of the fish brain are different in nature and identity, and they unravel a link between monoaminergic homeostasis and brain growth.</p>","PeriodicalId":50589,"journal":{"name":"Development Growth & Differentiation","volume":"65 9","pages":"517-533"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41240586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gabriela Beatriz Olea, María Victoria Aguirre, Daniel Marcelo Lombardo
{"title":"Early gonadogenesis in Columba livia (birds: Columbiformes): Migration, colonization, and differentiation of germ cells","authors":"Gabriela Beatriz Olea, María Victoria Aguirre, Daniel Marcelo Lombardo","doi":"10.1111/dgd.12895","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dgd.12895","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In birds, primordial germ cells (PGCs) use the bloodstream to travel to a specific region, where the cells undergo extravasation followed by intrastromal migration to the gonadal crest for further colonization. Currently, DDX4, SSEA1, and Oct4 are used to identify germ cells. Other germline cell-associated molecules are N-cadherin, GnRHR, and 3β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3βHSD), which have been used in mice and birds during gonadal development; however, its role in early gonadogenesis in birds is poorly described. This study aimed to evaluate the differential immunodetection of N-cadherin binding molecule, Oct4 pluripotency protein, GnRHR receptor, and 3βHSD enzyme in <i>Columba livia</i> embryos during migration colonization of PGCs in the gonadal crest and early gonadogenesis. These markers were revealed by immunohistochemistry in histological preparations of <i>C. livia</i> corresponding to stages (S)15 to S40. Immunodetection of N-cadherin, Oct4, GnRHR, and 3βHSD in the germ line of <i>C. livia</i> allowed the identification of PGCs in the yolk sac membrane at the level of the splanchnic mesoderm during migration to the genital crest and its colonization. In the same way, it was possible to characterize and localize PGCs during early gonadogenesis. This study in <i>C. livia</i> demonstrates that Oct4, N-cadherin, GNRHR, and 3βHSD are immunodetected in PGCs and could be used as potential germline cell markers during cell migration out of blood vessels, colonization in the genital crest, and early gonadogenesis. Furthermore, this study could be used as a novel general model to understand the early gonadogenesis in altricial species.</p>","PeriodicalId":50589,"journal":{"name":"Development Growth & Differentiation","volume":"66 1","pages":"56-65"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41153588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Makoto Kashima, Rei Komura, Yuki Sato, Chikara Hashimoto, Hiromi Hirata
{"title":"A resource of single-cell gene expression profiles in a planarian Dugesia japonica","authors":"Makoto Kashima, Rei Komura, Yuki Sato, Chikara Hashimoto, Hiromi Hirata","doi":"10.1111/dgd.12893","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dgd.12893","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The freshwater planarian <i>Dugesia japonica</i> maintains an abundant heterogeneous cell population called neoblasts, which include adult pluripotent stem cells. Thus, it is an excellent model organism for stem cell and regeneration research. Recently, many single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) databases of several model organisms, including other planarian species, have become publicly available; these are powerful and useful resources to search for gene expression in various tissues and cells. However, the only scRNA-seq dataset for <i>D. japonica</i> has been limited by the number of genes detected. Herein, we collected <i>D. japonica</i> cells, and conducted an scRNA-seq analysis. A novel, automatic, iterative cell clustering strategy produced a dataset of 3,404 cells, which could be classified into 63 cell types based on gene expression profiles. We introduced two examples for utilizing the scRNA-seq dataset in this study using <i>D. japonica</i>. First, the dataset provided results consistent with previous studies as well as novel functionally relevant insights, that is, the expression of <i>DjMTA</i> and <i>DjP2X-A</i> genes in neoblasts that give rise to differentiated cells. Second, we conducted an integrative analysis of the scRNA-seq dataset and time-course bulk RNA-seq of irradiated animals, demonstrating that the dataset can help interpret differentially expressed genes captured via bulk RNA-seq. Using the R package “Seurat” and GSE223927, researchers can easily access and utilize this dataset.</p>","PeriodicalId":50589,"journal":{"name":"Development Growth & Differentiation","volume":"66 1","pages":"43-55"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41153587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Generation of translucent Xenopus tropicalis through triple knockout of pigmentation genes","authors":"Keisuke Nakajima, Ichiro Tazawa, Nobuaki Furuno","doi":"10.1111/dgd.12891","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dgd.12891","url":null,"abstract":"Amphibians generally have three types of pigment cells, namely, melanophores (black and brown), xanthophores (yellow and red), and iridophores (iridescent). Single knockout of the tyr, slc2a7, and hps6 genes in Xenopus tropicalis results in the absence of melanophores, xanthophores, and iridophores, respectively. The generation of triple‐ knockout (3KO) X. tropicalis for these three genes could allow for observation of internal organs without sacrificing the animals, which would be transparent due to the absence of pigments. In this study, we generated 3KO X. tropicalis, which is one of the most widely used model amphibians, through crossing of a slc2a7 single‐knockout frog with a tyr and hps6 double‐knockout frog, followed by intercrossing of their offspring. The 3KO tadpoles had transparent bodies like the nop mutant and the frogs had translucent bodies. This translucency allowed us to observe the heart, lungs, stomach, liver, and digestive tract through the ventral body skin without surgery. After intravital staining, 3KO X. tropicalis showed much clearer fluorescent signals of mineralized tissues compared with the wild type. These 3KO X. tropicalis provide a useful mutant line for continuous observation of internal organs and fluorescent signals in the body. In particular, such 3KO frogs would revolutionize fluorescence monitoring in transgenic tadpoles and frogs expressing fluorescent proteins.","PeriodicalId":50589,"journal":{"name":"Development Growth & Differentiation","volume":"65 9","pages":"591-598"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41145234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Studying zebrafish nervous system structure and function in health and disease with electron microscopy","authors":"Sebastian M. Markert","doi":"10.1111/dgd.12890","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dgd.12890","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>) is a well-established model for studying the nervous system. Findings in zebrafish often inform studies on human diseases of the nervous system and provide crucial insight into disease mechanisms. The functions of the nervous system often rely on communication between neurons. Signal transduction is achieved via release of signaling molecules in the form of neuropeptides or neurotransmitters at synapses. Snapshots of membrane dynamics of these processes are imaged by electron microscopy. Electron microscopy can reveal ultrastructure and thus synaptic processes. This is crucial both for mapping synaptic connections and for investigating synaptic functions. In addition, via volumetric electron microscopy, the overall architecture of the nervous system becomes accessible, where structure can inform function. Electron microscopy is thus of particular value for studying the nervous system. However, today a plethora of electron microscopy techniques and protocols exist. Which technique is most suitable highly depends on the research question and scope as well as on the type of tissue that is examined. This review gives an overview of the electron microcopy techniques used on the zebrafish nervous system. It aims to give researchers a guide on which techniques are suitable for their specific questions and capabilities as well as an overview of the capabilities of electron microscopy in neurobiological research in the zebrafish model.</p>","PeriodicalId":50589,"journal":{"name":"Development Growth & Differentiation","volume":"65 9","pages":"502-516"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dgd.12890","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41177348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Retraction statement: Lgr5 positive stem cells sorted from small intestines of diabetic mice differentiate into higher proportion of absorptive cells and Paneth cells in vitro","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/dgd.12885","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dgd.12885","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Xian-Yang Zhong, Tao Yu, Wa Zhong, Jie-Yao Li, Zhong-Sheng Xia, Yu-Hong Yuan, Zhong Yu, Qi-Kui Chen. Lgr5 positive stem cells sorted from small intestines of diabetic mice differentiate into higher proportion of absorptive cells and Paneth cells in vitro. Development, Growth & Differentiation 2015, 57 (6), pp. 453–465 (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/dgd.12226).</p><p>The above article, published online on 30 June 2015 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the journal's Editor in Chief Naoto Ueno and John Wiley and Sons Australia, Ltd. following concerns raised by a third party about figures within the article. During the journal's investigation into the concerns raised, the authors were not able to gather comprehensive original data for the relevant figures several years after publication. Accordingly, the editors consider that the results in the published article are unreliable and do not sufficiently support the conclusions. The co-authors were not available to confirm the retraction.</p>","PeriodicalId":50589,"journal":{"name":"Development Growth & Differentiation","volume":"65 8","pages":"498"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dgd.12885","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10205427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}