Development Growth & Differentiation最新文献

{"title":"Can we model autism using zebrafish?","authors":"Philip Washbourne","doi":"10.1111/dgd.12888","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dgd.12888","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is one of the most common, heritable neuropsychiatric disorders in the world, affecting almost 1% of the population. The core symptoms used to diagnose ASD are decreased social interaction and increased repetitive behaviors. Despite the large number of affected individuals, the precise mechanisms that cause this disorder remain unclear. The identification of genes and environmental factors associated with ASD allows the study of the underlying mechanisms in animal models. Although ASD presents as a human disorder, based on recent advances in understanding their brain anatomy, physiology, behavior, and evolutionary conservation of neuronal cell types, I propose that zebrafish may provide novel insights into the etiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":50589,"journal":{"name":"Development Growth & Differentiation","volume":"65 8","pages":"453-458"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10262457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Invention sharing is the mother of developmental biology (part 4)","authors":"Hajime Ogino,&nbsp;Yasuhiro Kamei,&nbsp;Toshinori Hayashi,&nbsp;Joe Sakamoto,&nbsp;Makoto Suzuki,&nbsp;Takeshi Igawa,&nbsp;Mariko Kondo,&nbsp;Masanori Taira","doi":"10.1111/dgd.12883","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dgd.12883","url":null,"abstract":"Part 4 of this special issue releases four methods, two protocols, and two technical notes. Suzuki et al. (2022) developed a method for studying how cells communicate with each other using semaphorin and plexin proteins in a worm model. The method utilizes the infrared laser-evoked gene operator (IR-LEGO) system to activate genes in specific cells and observe the resulting influences on the worm vulva formation. Using this method, the authors demonstrated that the direction and level of semaphorin and plexin signaling are crucial for regulating cell behavior. Seki et al. (2023) developed a method for optogenetic behavior analysis in medaka (Oryzias latipes). Using the CRISPR/Cas9 knock-in method, the authors generated a transgenic medaka line expressing an optogenetic channel, Chloromonas oogama channelrhodopsin (CoChR), in the nervous system. The potential of this receptor to regulate the motor activity of the fish such as body bending, turning movements, and pectoral fin locomotion was evaluated by stimulating with different intensities, durations, or wavelengths of light. Ishii et al. (2023) developed an X-ray micro-computed tomography (microCT) method to observe the soft tissues of Xenopus tadpoles in three dimensions. Using this method, the authors revealed a transient ventricular contraction in the early stages of telencephalon regeneration. This method could potentially be applied to the analysis of other amphibian and fish larvae, facilitating comparative morphological studies of postembryonic development in vertebrates. Hasan et al. (2023) developed a method for preparing primary cell cultures from the limb tissue of an Iberian ribbed newt (Pleurodeles waltl). The Iberian ribbed newt is emerging as a model animal in the limelight, especially in regeneration studies. The limb tissues are cut into small pieces and seeded as “explants” in culture dishes coated with fibronectin and gelatin. The cells spread out from the explants can be cryopreserved with a proliferation capacity comparable to freshly prepared cells. Yoshimatsu et al. (2022) provided a step-by-step protocol for deriving transgene-free-induced pluripotent stem cells from the fibroblasts of multiple mammalian species, including human, mouse, marmoset, dog, pig, ferret, and Syrian hamster, a unique model of hibernation. The reprogramming factors are expressed by episomal transfection of DNA vectors. The episomal transfection may be followed by transfection of the mRNAs encoding these factors to increase the induction efficiency further. This protocol is expected to accelerate stem cell biology and regenerative medicine. Ikuta et al. (2023) provided a standard protocol for cardiac regeneration experiments in Iberian ribbed newts. This protocol describes tissue-amputation and cryo-injury techniques to inflict cardiac injuries for investigating subsequent regeneration processes. Both techniques are simple, require no special equipment, and can be applied to other newt and salamande","PeriodicalId":50589,"journal":{"name":"Development Growth & Differentiation","volume":"65 6","pages":"286-287"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10115356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How do maternal androgens and estrogens affect sex determination in reptiles with temperature-dependent sex?","authors":"Florencia E. Valli,&nbsp;Melina S. Simoncini,&nbsp;Marcela A. González,&nbsp;Carlos I. Piña","doi":"10.1111/dgd.12887","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dgd.12887","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Temperature sex determination (TSD) in reptiles has been studied to elucidate the mechanisms by which temperature is transformed into a biological signal that determines the sex of the embryo. Temperature is thought to trigger signals that alter gene expression and hormone metabolism, which will determine the development of female or male gonads. In this review, we focus on collecting and discussing important and recent information on the role of maternal steroid hormones in sex determination in oviparous reptiles such as crocodiles, turtles, and lizards that possess TSD. In particular, we focus on maternal androgens and estrogens deposited in the egg yolk and their metabolites that could also influence the sex of offspring. Finally, we suggest guidelines for future research to help clarify the link between maternal steroid hormones and offspring sex.</p>","PeriodicalId":50589,"journal":{"name":"Development Growth & Differentiation","volume":"65 9","pages":"565-576"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10212260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment of a new method to isolate viable x-ray-sensitive cells from planarian by fluorescence-activated cell sorting","authors":"Miyuki Ishida,&nbsp;Yoshihito Kuroki,&nbsp;Kiyokazu Agata","doi":"10.1111/dgd.12886","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dgd.12886","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Planarians show outstanding regenerative ability due to the proliferation of neoblasts. Hence the method to isolate planarian neoblasts is important to understand the regeneration process. In our previous study, we reported a method to isolate planarian neoblasts of <i>Dugesia japonica</i> using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). However, we have not yet succeeded in cultivating these cells even under in vivo conditions after transplantation into x-ray-irradiated planarians. This suggests that dissociated cells might enter apoptotic or necrotic states in the process of fluorescent dye staining and sorting. Here, we developed a new method to isolate viable neoblasts, which can proliferate in the x-ray-irradiated planarians. First, the toxicity of various fluorescence dyes was investigated. All nuclear fluorescent dyes such as Hoechst 33342, DRAQ5, and DyeCycle, showed, more or less, toxicity to mammalian culture cells. In contrast, cytoplasmic fluorescent dye for live cells, calcein AM, was less toxic on these cells. Next, we stained the dissociated planarian cells with only calcein AM, and then collected the x-ray-sensitive fraction. Although the purity of neoblasts was slightly lower than that of the original staining method (ca. 97% → ca. 89%), the sorted cells could actively proliferate when they were injected into x-ray-irradiated planarians. This simple staining and sorting method will provide new opportunities to isolate viable neoblasts and understand regenerating processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":50589,"journal":{"name":"Development Growth & Differentiation","volume":"65 9","pages":"577-590"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dgd.12886","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10147740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenotype–genotype relationships in Xenopus sox9 crispants provide insights into campomelic dysplasia and vertebrate jaw evolution","authors":"Nusrat Hossain,&nbsp;Takeshi Igawa,&nbsp;Makoto Suzuki,&nbsp;Ichiro Tazawa,&nbsp;Yuta Nakao,&nbsp;Toshinori Hayashi,&nbsp;Nanoka Suzuki,&nbsp;Hajime Ogino","doi":"10.1111/dgd.12884","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dgd.12884","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Since CRISPR-based genome editing technology works effectively in the diploid frog <i>Xenopus tropicalis</i>, a growing number of studies have successfully modeled human genetic diseases in this species. However, most of their targets were limited to non-syndromic diseases that exhibit abnormalities in a small fraction of tissues or organs in the body. This is likely because of the complexity of interpreting the phenotypic variations resulting from somatic mosaic mutations generated in the founder animals (crispants). In this study, we attempted to model the syndromic disease campomelic dysplasia (CD) by generating <i>sox9</i> crispants in <i>X. tropicalis</i>. The resulting crispants failed to form neural crest cells at neurula stages and exhibited various combinations of jaw, gill, ear, heart, and gut defects at tadpole stages, recapitulating part of the syndromic phenotype of CD patients. Genotyping of the crispants with a variety of allelic series of mutations suggested that the heart and gut defects depend primarily on frame-shift mutations expected to be null, whereas the jaw, gill, and ear defects could be induced not only by such mutations but also by in-frame deletion mutations expected to delete part of the jawed vertebrate-specific domain from the encoded Sox9 protein. These results demonstrate that <i>Xenopus</i> crispants are useful for investigating the phenotype–genotype relationships behind syndromic diseases and examining the tissue-specific role of each functional domain within a single protein, providing novel insights into vertebrate jaw evolution.</p>","PeriodicalId":50589,"journal":{"name":"Development Growth & Differentiation","volume":"65 8","pages":"481-497"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10066894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptomic evidence for Brachyury expression in the caudal tip region of adult Ptychodera flava (Hemichordata)","authors":"Asuka Arimoto,&nbsp;Koki Nishitsuji,&nbsp;Kanako Hisata,&nbsp;Noriyuki Satoh,&nbsp;Kuni Tagawa","doi":"10.1111/dgd.12882","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dgd.12882","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Most metazoans have a single copy of the T-box transcription factor gene <i>Brachyury</i>. This gene is expressed in cells of the blastopore of late blastulae and the archenteron invagination region of gastrulae. It appears to be crucial for gastrulation and mesoderm differentiation of embryos. Although this expression pattern is shared by most deuterostomes, <i>Brachyury</i> expression has not been reported in adult stages. Here we show that <i>Brachyury</i> of an indirect developer, the hemichordate acorn worm <i>Ptychodera flava</i>, is expressed not only in embryonic cells, but also in cells of the caudal tip (anus) region of adults. This spatially restricted expression, shown by whole-mount in situ hybridization, was confirmed by Iso-Seq RNA sequencing and single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) analysis. Iso-Seq analysis showed that gene expression occurs only in the caudal region of adults, but not in anterior regions, including the stomochord. scRNA-seq analysis showed a cluster that contained <i>Brachyury</i>-expressing cells comprising epidermis- and mesoderm-related cells, but which is unlikely to be associated with the nervous system or muscle. Although further investigation is required to examine the roles of <i>Brachyury</i> in adults, this study provides important clues for extending studies on <i>Brachyury</i> expression involved in development of the most posterior region of deuterostomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":50589,"journal":{"name":"Development Growth & Differentiation","volume":"65 8","pages":"470-480"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10114685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"X-ray micro-computed tomography of Xenopus tadpole reveals changes in brain ventricular morphology during telencephalon regeneration","authors":"Riona Ishii,&nbsp;Mana Yoshida,&nbsp;Nanoka Suzuki,&nbsp;Hajime Ogino,&nbsp;Makoto Suzuki","doi":"10.1111/dgd.12881","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dgd.12881","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Xenopus</i> tadpoles serve as an exceptional model organism for studying post-embryonic development in vertebrates. During post-embryonic development, large-scale changes in tissue morphology, including organ regeneration and metamorphosis, occur at the organ level. However, understanding these processes in a three-dimensional manner remains challenging. In this study, the use of X-ray micro-computed tomography (microCT) for the three-dimensional observation of the soft tissues of <i>Xenopus</i> tadpoles was explored. The findings revealed that major organs, such as the brain, heart, and kidneys, could be visualized with high contrast by phosphotungstic acid staining following fixation with Bouin's solution. Then, the changes in brain shape during telencephalon regeneration were analyzed as the first example of utilizing microCT to study organ regeneration in <i>Xenopus</i> tadpoles, and it was found that the size of the amputated telencephalon recovered to &gt;80% of its original length within approximately 1 week. It was also observed that the ventricles tended to shrink after amputation and maintained this state for at least 3 days. This shrinkage was transient, as the ventricles expanded to exceed their original size within the following week. Temporary shrinkage and expansion of the ventricles, which were also observed in transgenic or fluorescent dye-injected tadpoles with telencephalon amputation, may be significant in tissue homeostasis in response to massive brain injury and subsequent repair and regeneration. This established method will improve experimental analyses in developmental biology and medical science using <i>Xenopus</i> tadpoles.</p>","PeriodicalId":50589,"journal":{"name":"Development Growth & Differentiation","volume":"65 6","pages":"300-310"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10057749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pcgf1 gene disruption reveals primary involvement of epigenetic mechanism in neuronal subtype specification in the enteric nervous system","authors":"Bayu Pratama Putra,&nbsp;Keisuke Ito,&nbsp;Carla Cirillo,&nbsp;Mukhamad Sunardi,&nbsp;Haruhiko Koseki,&nbsp;Toshihiro Uesaka,&nbsp;Hideki Enomoto","doi":"10.1111/dgd.12880","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dgd.12880","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The enteric nervous system (ENS) regulates gut functions independently from the central nervous system (CNS) by its highly autonomic neural circuit that integrates diverse neuronal subtypes. Although several transcription factors are shown to be necessary for the generation of some enteric neuron subtypes, the mechanisms underlying neuronal subtype specification in the ENS remain elusive. In this study, we examined the biological function of Polycomb group RING finger protein 1 (PCGF1), one of the epigenetic modifiers, in the development and differentiation of the ENS by disrupting the <i>Pcgf1</i> gene selectively in the autonomic-lineage cells. Although ENS precursor migration and enteric neurogenesis were largely unaffected, neuronal differentiation was impaired in the <i>Pcgf1</i>-deficient mice, with the numbers of neurons expressing somatostatin (Sst⁺) decreased in multiple gut regions. Notably, the decrease in Sst⁺ neurons was associated with the corresponding increase in calbindin⁺ neurons in the proximal colon. These findings suggest that neuronal subtype conversion may occur in the absence of PCGF1, and that epigenetic mechanism is primarily involved in specification of some enteric neuron subtypes.</p>","PeriodicalId":50589,"journal":{"name":"Development Growth & Differentiation","volume":"65 8","pages":"461-469"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dgd.12880","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10372347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dysregulated TDP-43 proteostasis perturbs excitability of spinal motor neurons during brainstem-mediated fictive locomotion in zebrafish","authors":"Kazuhide Asakawa,&nbsp;Hiroshi Handa,&nbsp;Koichi Kawakami","doi":"10.1111/dgd.12879","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dgd.12879","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Spinal motor neurons (SMNs) are the primary target of degeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Degenerating motor neurons accumulate cytoplasmic TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) aggregates in most ALS cases. This SMN pathology can occur without mutation in the coding sequence of the TDP-43-encoding gene, <i>TARDBP</i>. Whether and how wild-type TDP-43 drives pathological changes in SMNs in vivo remains largely unexplored. In this study, we develop a two-photon calcium imaging setup in which tactile-evoked neural responses of motor neurons in the brainstem and spinal cord can be monitored using the calcium indicator GCaMP. We devise a piezo-assisted tactile stimulator that reproducibly evokes a brainstem descending neuron upon tactile stimulation of the head. A direct comparison between caudal primary motor neurons (CaPs) with or without TDP-43 overexpression in contiguous spinal segments demonstrates that CaPs overexpressing TDP-43 display attenuated Ca²⁺ transients during fictive escape locomotion evoked by the tactile stimulation. These results show that excessive amounts of TDP-43 protein reduce the neuronal excitability of SMNs and potentially contribute to asymptomatic pathological lesions of SMNs and movement disorders in patients with ALS.</p>","PeriodicalId":50589,"journal":{"name":"Development Growth & Differentiation","volume":"65 8","pages":"446-452"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dgd.12879","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9841340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intestinal expression patterns of transcription factors and markers for interstitial cells in the larval zebrafish","authors":"Masataka Nikaido,&nbsp;Ayaka Shirai,&nbsp;Yumiko Mizumaki,&nbsp;Shuji Shigenobu,&nbsp;Naoto Ueno,&nbsp;Kohei Hatta","doi":"10.1111/dgd.12878","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dgd.12878","url":null,"abstract":"<p>For the digestion of food, it is important for the gut to be differentiated regionally and to have proper motor control. However, the number of transcription factors that regulate its development is still limited. Meanwhile, the interstitial cells of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract are necessary for intestinal motility in addition to the enteric nervous system. There are anoctamine1 (Ano1)-positive and platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (Pdgfra)-positive interstitial cells in mammal, but Pdgfra-positive cells have not been reported in the zebrafish. To identify new transcription factors involved in GI tract development, we used RNA sequencing comparing between larval and adult gut. We isolated 40 transcription factors that were more highly expressed in the larval gut. We demonstrated expression patterns of the 13 genes, 7 of which were newly found to be expressed in the zebrafish larval gut. Six of the 13 genes encode nuclear receptors. The <i>osr2</i> is expressed in the anterior part, while <i>foxP4</i> in its distal part. Also, we reported the expression pattern of <i>pdgfra</i> for the first time in the larval zebrafish gut. Our data provide fundamental knowledge for studying vertebrate gut regionalization and motility by live imaging using zebrafish.</p>","PeriodicalId":50589,"journal":{"name":"Development Growth & Differentiation","volume":"65 7","pages":"418-428"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10260420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}