Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology最新文献

{"title":"Muscle tone and pain in children with spastic cerebral palsy.","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/dmcn.70586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dmcn.70586","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50587,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149185646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The utility of the term 'Rett-like' in relation to Rett syndrome: A systematic review.","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/dmcn.70592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dmcn.70592","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50587,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149185703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Refining the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination proforma to facilitate the recording of neurological findings.","authors":"Eugenio Mercuri, Leena Haataja, Daniela Ricci, Domenico M Romeo, Marianna Moro, Frances M Cowan","doi":"10.1111/dmcn.70577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dmcn.70577","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To report on changes to the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE) proforma that facilitate the recording of neurological findings.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We first identified items that would benefit from more detail in the way they were presented on the proforma to aid correct administration and scoring. We then introduced additional details without changing the scoring system. These changes were piloted in infants with and without neurological concerns to find out whether examiners found the changes confusing or if the changes made might affect the original scoring system.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eight of the 26 items in the main section of the HINE were identified for possible change: three items in the tone section, two in the reflexes and reactions section, and three in the posture section. For these items, more detail was added to the recording options within each column, without altering the main structure of the proforma or the scoring system. Users did not find the additions an extra burden; they felt that the more detailed options facilitated accuracy in recording observations and that the scoring of the proforma was not affected.</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>Small changes made to the HINE proforma facilitate more accuracy in recording detail in the examination, particularly with regard to tone and posture, without changing the established scoring system. This should facilitate the recording of more subtle changes that reflect typical development or may occur in response to possible intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":50587,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149185629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Athletes, extremophiles, and muscle in spastic cerebral palsy: Distinguishing impairment from adaptation.","authors":"Bernard Dan","doi":"10.1111/dmcn.70580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dmcn.70580","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50587,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149185657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Motor-based interventions for brain structure and function in children with developmental coordination disorder: A systematic review.","authors":"Maja Van Grinderbeek, Alessandro Crippa, Linde Cauwelier, Katrijn Klingels, Evi Verbecque","doi":"10.1111/dmcn.70514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dmcn.70514","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To synthesize evidence on the effects of a motor-based intervention on the brain in children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD), and to determine the impact of the different motor-based interventions on the stages of motor learning.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>For this systematic review, three databases were searched by two independent reviewers. Studies were included if they involved (1) children with (probable) DCD (3-18 years), (2) long-term motor-based interventions, and (3) at least one brain imaging outcome. Two independent reviewers assessed risk of bias (RoB2 and ROBINS-I V2) and evaluated the quality of evidence (GRADE).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seven articles met the selection criteria. Risk of bias ranged from some to moderate (n = 4), to high (n = 3). Various imaging techniques (e.g. functional near-infrared spectroscopy), outcome measures (e.g. oxyhaemoglobin), and regions of interest (e.g. fronto-parietal network) were investigated in the included studies. Despite the neuroplastic changes exhibited by children with DCD post-intervention, the direction and pattern differed from typically developing peers. Increased functional connectivity after intervention was observed in attentional regions, suggesting compensatory mechanisms. The interventions focused on the cognitive (n = 4) and associative (n = 3) stages of motor learning. None of the interventions addressed the autonomous stage.</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>Current evidence tentatively indicates that children with DCD can exhibit intervention-induced neuroplasticity, facilitating motor skill learning. These changes differ from typically developing profiles and therefore seem to reflect compensatory mechanisms. Further research is critical to better understand these differential patterns, essential for interpreting neuroplastic changes to tailor future motor-based therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":50587,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149172147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bilateral upper-limb palsy of the newborn infant: Taxonomy, differential diagnosis, and clinical pathways.","authors":"Yegee Han, Yangmyung Ma, Kanwal Yousaf, Evangeline Wassmer, Andrea Jester","doi":"10.1111/dmcn.70575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dmcn.70575","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bilateral reduction or absence of upper-limb movement in a newborn infant is a rare but critical presentation that cannot be anchored on the unilateral paradigm of brachial plexus birth injury (BPBI). Bilaterality substantially widens the differential to include cervical spinal cord injury, neuromuscular disorders, and non-neurological movement limitation; thus, default attribution to bilateral BPBI risks missing a serious central pathology. No standardized terminology or investigation framework currently addresses this phenotype. This review introduces bilateral upper-limb palsy of the newborn infant (BULPN) and proposes a three-category taxonomy separating 'true BULPN' (bilateral plexus-level palsy at birth) from mimics and acquired (postnatal-onset) palsy. True BULPN is most consistently reported in breech delivery and it is frequently asymmetric; published cohorts describe a high burden of concurrent phrenic nerve palsy. A localization-first diagnostic algorithm and time-anchored, severity-stratified management pathways are presented to support safer and more targeted clinical assessment and management, and reduce the risk of misdiagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":50587,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149167024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mental health difficulties in cerebral palsy: A qualitative study of young people's and parents' perspectives","authors":"Manjula Manikandan,&nbsp;Jennifer Fortune,&nbsp;Jessica Burke,&nbsp;Aisling Walsh,&nbsp;Aoife Twohig,&nbsp;Ian McClelland,&nbsp;Amanda Breen,&nbsp;Meriel Norris,&nbsp;Jennifer M. Ryan,&nbsp;RELATE-CP study team","doi":"10.1111/dmcn.70229","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dmcn.70229","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To explore the experiences of mental health difficulties and access to mental health support among young people with cerebral palsy (CP).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We used a qualitative descriptive design. Participants were young people with CP aged 13 to 25 years and parents of children with CP (6–25 years). Nineteen semi-structured interviews were conducted. A narrative thematic analysis was conducted to identify themes related to their mental health experiences.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Four themes were identified from the data: (1) understanding manifestations of mental health, triggers, and the importance of early intervention; (2) structural and human challenges in accessing mental health services; (3) the interplay between mental health and personal, social, educational, and familial challenges; (4) navigating future aspirations and holistic mental health support.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Interpretation</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>People with CP face complex, interconnected challenges to their mental health, influenced by personal, family, social, and systemic factors. Mental health difficulties often go unrecognized or are inadequately addressed, highlighting the need for early identification, integrated service provision, and holistic, person-centred interventions that support young people and their families.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50587,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology","volume":"68 11","pages":"1538-1550"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dmcn.70229","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147356391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variability as a marker of motor imagery in cerebral palsy: Between intention and action","authors":"Deisiane Oliveira Souto","doi":"10.1111/dmcn.70224","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dmcn.70224","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Even in the presence of significant motor limitations, how does physical action continue to be intensely elaborated by the brain? Cerebral palsy (CP) requires motor control to be understood not only as peripheral execution but as an internal construction of action. Between the intention to move and the possible action lies a representational domain in which movement is anticipated, organized, and mentally rehearsed, and it is at this conceptual level that motor imagery becomes central.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Disregarding this dimension implies restricting rehabilitation to the observable body while neglecting neural processes responsible for intention and motor planning. Thus, shifting the focus to motor imagery means investigating not only whether the child moves, but how actions are planned and simulated before execution.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This perspective poses a methodological challenge: how to empirically operationalize internal motor simulation processes. The Hand Laterality Test is widely used as an indirect measure of motor imagery because it requires mental rotation of one's own limb for spatial judgment. However, results based only on mean reaction time or accuracy have been inconsistent. In this context, the study by Breuer Asher et al.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; is particularly relevant for proposing performance variability as a primary indicator of imagery stability. This proposal aligns with contemporary models of motor control and cognition in CP, in which variability is interpreted as a marker of system instability. Accordingly, performance fluctuations should not be regarded as statistical noise but as manifestations of alterations in internal mechanisms of action simulation, supporting the hypothesis of Steenbergen et al.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; that imagery and planning deficits are qualitative and compromise representational consistency.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The study by Breuer Asher et al.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; advances the field by showing that motor imagery in children with CP is characterized less by reduced accuracy and more by increased intraindividual variability, particularly in reaction time. By adopting variability as a core variable, the authors provide an integrative explanation for previously discrepant findings, suggesting that the main difficulty lies in performance instability rather than slowness.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3, 4&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; This interpretation is consistent with a recent systematic review demonstrating substantial methodological and outcome heterogeneity, indicating that imagery deficits vary according to task demands, clinical subtype, and functional level.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Moreover, the proposed composite score integrating accuracy and variability advances the clinical operationalization of motor imagery by offering a quantitative criterion capable of discriminating children with CP from typically developing peers and monitoring this ability over time.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Despite these advances, controversies remain regarding the na","PeriodicalId":50587,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology","volume":"68 11","pages":"1494-1495"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dmcn.70224","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147322560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and genetic characterization of intellectual disability","authors":"Aarni Venetvaara,&nbsp;Minna Kraatari-Tiri,&nbsp;Jussi-Pekka Tolonen,&nbsp;Marko Merikukka,&nbsp;IDGEN Study Group,&nbsp;Jonna Komulainen-Ebrahim,&nbsp;Jukka Moilanen,&nbsp;Johanna Uusimaa,&nbsp;Outi Kuismin,&nbsp;Elisa Rahikkala","doi":"10.1111/dmcn.70252","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dmcn.70252","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To examine the clinical and genetic characteristics of intellectual disability.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted a population-based retrospective analysis on the clinical and genetic data of 959 children with diagnosed intellectual disability during a 5-year period (2017–2021) at Oulu University Hospital, Finland.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pathogenic or likely pathogenic gene variants were detected in 89 of 194 patients (46%) who underwent exome sequencing. Chromosomal abnormalities, including those with low penetrance, were observed in 106 of 530 patients (20%) who underwent chromosomal microarray testing. Chromosomal abnormalities and causative gene variants were more frequently identified in patients with moderate to profound intellectual disability than in those with mild intellectual disability; however, this difference was not significant in the diagnostic yield analysis. Epilepsy, congenital heart disease, hearing loss, ophthalmological abnormalities, and autism spectrum disorder were more common among patients with moderate to profound intellectual disability, whereas attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder was associated with mild intellectual disability. Chromosomal abnormalities were associated with congenital heart disease and hearing loss, while pathogenic gene variants were associated with epilepsy and ophthalmological abnormalities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Interpretation</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Somatic comorbidities were more common in moderate to profound intellectual disability, whereas attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder was more frequent in mild intellectual disability.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50587,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology","volume":"68 11","pages":"1601-1609"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dmcn.70252","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147475635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early predictors of cognitive trajectories from birth to adolescence in children born extremely preterm","authors":"Stephen R. Hooper,&nbsp;Robert M. Joseph,&nbsp;T. Michael O′Shea,&nbsp;Karl C. K. Kuban,&nbsp;Rachana Singh,&nbsp;Jean A. Frazier,&nbsp;Genevieve Taylor,&nbsp;Xianming Tan,&nbsp;Rebecca C. Fry,&nbsp;Hudson P. Santos Jr,&nbsp;the ELGAN Study Investigators","doi":"10.1111/dmcn.70211","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dmcn.70211","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To predict trajectories of cognitive abilities from ages 2 years to 15 years in children born extremely preterm.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This longitudinal cohort study examined 659 (330 males) children born at 23 weeks to 27 weeks' gestation with cognitive assessments at ages 2 years, 10 years, and 15 years. Early factors analysed included maternal and neonatal characteristics, comorbidities, and neonatal inflammatory proteins.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>For verbal, non-verbal, and combined cognitive abilities, greater social disadvantage at birth, male sex, 23 weeks to 24 weeks gestational age, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), ultrasound-detected cerebral white matter injury (WMI), and elevated inflammatory proteins in neonatal blood were associated with lower scores over the 15-year time frame for all outcomes. Analyses of joint association between socially disadvantaged groups and WMI suggested that the effect of no social disadvantage was evident only among children without WMI, whereas the effect of WMI was evident irrespective of social disadvantage.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Interpretation</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this cohort of children born extremely preterm, social disadvantage at birth, male sex, BPD, WMI, and neonatal systemic inflammation were associated with slower gains in cognitive scores from age 2 years to 15 years. Early WMI moderated the associations between social disadvantage and cognitive functioning. Efforts to address both neonatal morbidities and social factors could improve cognitive functioning in children born extremely preterm.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50587,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology","volume":"68 11","pages":"1551-1560"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dmcn.70211","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147311685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}