Developmental Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Generating Inhibitory Neuron Diversity through Morphogenic Patterning: From in vivo Studies to New in vitro Models.","authors":"Tanya Deutsch Guerrero, Chloé Borowski, Julien Ferent","doi":"10.1159/000545031","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000545031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The proper functioning of the central nervous system depends on the cooperation of distinct neuronal subtypes generated during development.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Here, we review new insights provided by recent research and technological advances into the mechanisms underlying the generation of the remarkable diversity of inhibitory GABAergic neurons (INs). INs are generated in the ventral telencephalon or subpallium and migrate long distances to populate multiple brain regions. INs exhibit considerable morphological, molecular, and electrophysiological diversity. This diversity is mediated by intrinsic and extrinsic factors, including secreted molecules (such as sonic hedgehog).</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>This review examines the role of extrinsic factors in the establishment of distinct subpallial domains and the subsequent emergence of IN diversity. We begin by summarizing the in vivo morphogenesis of this process and then highlight the new technologies that allow us to revisit the role of morphogens in subpallial development and IN specification.</p>","PeriodicalId":50585,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"59-67"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143544390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ECM Mechanics in Central Nervous System Morphogenesis.","authors":"Alessandra Gentile, Katerina Stavropoulou, Katherine R Long","doi":"10.1159/000546414","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546414","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Morphogenesis is crucial to shape tissues and embryos during development and results from a combination of gene expression, extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling, and mechanical forces. The roles of gene regulation, biochemical signalling, and cell-generated forces have been extensively studied, but little is known about the active role of the ECM and the contribution of extracellular forces in shaping tissues.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>In this review, we focus on the recent growing evidence of the direct role of the ECM and mechanics in the morphogenesis of the central nervous system (CNS) and the neural tissues it contains. In particular, we review the different ECM components present in CNS morphogenesis, focusing on those that contribute to its mechanical properties. Furthermore, we discuss how the ECM is regulated during morphogenesis, the extracellular forces that influence the shape of developing tissues, and the new advances in the technologies to study their properties and regulation.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>We emphasize the instructive role of the ECM in the morphogenesis of complex tissues, moving beyond the traditional view of a passive substrate. We uncover areas where novel insights could help in bridging existing knowledge gaps, allowing us to better understand development and identify factors involved in developmental malformations.</p>","PeriodicalId":50585,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"215-224"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144267806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic Reprogramming of Oligodendrocytes in Intrauterine Growth Restriction.","authors":"Hannah Peters, Camille M Fung, Robert W Dettman, Maria L V Dizon, Jill Chang","doi":"10.1159/000548455","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000548455","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) has been shown to adversely affect developing white matter, putting infants at risk for neurodevelopmental disability, including cerebral palsy. White matter injury (WMI) has been well documented in both human and animal studies of IUGR with sexual dimorphism. Currently, the underlying cellular mechanisms leading to WMI in IUGR remain poorly understood, but energy failure is a likely candidate.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To address these gaps, we evaluated for sex-specific changes to oligodendrocyte (OL) differentiation and the OL transcriptome, leveraging cell-specific epitope tagging and RNA isolation in a placental insufficiency-induced IUGR mouse model. OL mitochondrial respiration was further evaluated using primary cell isolation and Agilent Seahorse technology.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found an early sex-specific arrest of OL differentiation in IUGR females, which was followed by late catch-up differentiation and proliferation. Cell-specific RNA sequencing demonstrated downregulation of genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in IUGR. IUGR males demonstrated a greater downregulation of electron transport chain (ETC) genes and proteins than their IUGR female counterparts. Quantification of O4+ OL mitochondrial respiration also demonstrated decreased ATP generation in IUGR males via OXPHOS that was consistent with ETC gene and protein expression findings.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings demonstrate sex-specific differences in OL differentiation and in mitochondrial metabolism in IUGR. These results provide insight into the different neurodevelopmental outcomes seen between IUGR males and females. These results also lay the foundation for investigation into targeted nutritional and pharmacologic management.</p>","PeriodicalId":50585,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"379-397"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12505750/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145071010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum.","authors":"","doi":"10.1159/000545814","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000545814","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the article by Zhou et al. entitled \"Caffeine as a Treatment for Perinatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury: The Potential Risks and Benefits\" [Dev Neurosci. 2025; DOI: 10.1159/000545126] the license was incorrect, and it has changed from CC BY-NC 4.0 to CC BY 4.0.The original article has been updated.</p>","PeriodicalId":50585,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"84"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144121344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oligodendrogenesis Inhibition in the Juvenile and Adolescent Periods Differentially Alters Myelin in Mice.","authors":"Lisa M Gazdzinski, Jordan Mak, Kosaran Gumarathas, Miranda Mellerup, Armand Collin, John G Sled, Brian J Nieman, Anne L Wheeler","doi":"10.1159/000547880","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000547880","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The timing of myelination during development varies spatially according to the evolving functional demands of the maturing brain and is likely a mechanism of plasticity that contributes to sensitive periods of brain development during which the brain has heightened susceptibility to environmental influences. Disruption to this myelination process is therefore likely to have spatially and temporally heterogeneous effects. Myelinating oligodendrocytes arise from the differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells, a process that depends on the transcription factor Myrf. In this study, the inducible Myrf conditional knockout mouse model is leveraged to characterize the impact of inhibiting oligodendrogenesis during the juvenile or adolescent period on white matter tracts with different timing of maturation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Electron microscopy (EM) was used to quantify the fraction of myelinated axons, axon diameter, and myelin thickness, or T2- and diffusion-weighted MRI (dMRI) were used to compute white matter volumes and measures sensitive to microstructure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mice with inhibited oligodendrogenesis during the juvenile period had a lower fraction of myelinated axons in the corpus callosum, which was not the case when oligodendrogenesis was halted during adolescence. Halting oligodendrogenesis in either developmental period had no effect on myelinated fraction in the earlier-to-mature optic tracts. Halted oligodendrogenesis during the juvenile period was detected with MRI as decreased volume of late-myelinating structures (corpus callosum, anterior commissure, and fornix) relative to controls. No group differences were observed in dMRI measures. Additionally, thinner myelin on larger calibre axons in the optics tracts of adolescent mice with halted oligodendrogenesis was detected with EM, but no MRI measures were sensitive to this difference.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrates that the impact of disrupting developmental oligodendrogenesis on white matter differs depending on the timing of disruption relative to the developmental stage of the structure. The results also highlight that morphological measures from structural MRI have high sensitivity to disrupted developmental myelination of white matter tracts.</p>","PeriodicalId":50585,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"282-292"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144818107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum.","authors":"","doi":"10.1159/000545813","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000545813","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the article by Vancolen et al. entitled \"Androgen Aggravates Chorioamnionitis-Induced White Matter Brain Injury and Neurobehavioral Impairments in Males\" [Dev Neurosci. 2025; DOI: 10.1159/000545074] the license was incorrect, and it has changed from CC BY-NC 4.0 to CC BY 4.0.The original article has been updated.</p>","PeriodicalId":50585,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"83"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12088650/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144103033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Mechanisms Underlying the Development and Evolution of the Mammalian Cerebrum Using Gyrencephalic Ferrets.","authors":"Kengo Saito, Narufumi Kameya, Nguyen Chi Tai, Toshihide Hamabe-Horiike, Yohei Shinmyo, Hiroshi Kawasaki","doi":"10.1159/000546646","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546646","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The mammalian cerebrum has changed substantially during evolution. Neurons and glial cells have increased, and the cerebrum has expanded and folded. Although these evolutionary changes are believed to be important for acquiring higher cognitive functions, the molecular mechanisms underlying the development and evolution of the mammalian cerebrum are not fully understood. This is partially due to the difficulty in analyzing these mechanisms using only mice.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>To overcome this limitation, we developed genetic manipulation techniques for the cerebrum of gyrencephalic carnivore ferrets. Gene knockout in the ferret cerebrum was achieved using the CRISPR/Cas9 system.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>This review highlights recent research from our lab and others on the mechanisms underlying the development and evolution of cortical folds using ferrets.</p>","PeriodicalId":50585,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"237-250"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144610171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selective Injury of Thalamocortical Tract in Neonatal Rats Impairs Forelimb Use: Model Validation and Behavioral Effects.","authors":"Tong Chun Wen, Michelle Corkrum, Jason B Carmel","doi":"10.1159/000544990","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000544990","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Unilateral brain injury in neonates results in largely contralateral hand function impairment in children. Most research investigating neurorehabilitation targets for movement recovery has focused on the effects of brain injury on descending motor systems, especially the corticospinal tract. However, a recent human study demonstrated that sensory tract injury may have larger effects on dexterity than motor tract injury. To test this, we first developed a model of sensory tract injury in neonatal rats by targeting the thalamocortical tract (TCT), and then we used this model to assess the effects of sensory lesions on paw use.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In the postnatal day 7 rats, we used three types of lesions to the TCT: periventricular blood injection, photothrombotic lesion, and electrolytic lesion. To test the sensitivity and specificity of these techniques, viral tracers were injected into the primary sensory or motor cortex immediately after injury. To test the forelimb use, the cylinder exploration and pasta handling tests were used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Electrolytic lesions were the most specific and reproducible for inducing a lesion compared to the other two methods. Electrolytic lesions disrupted 63% of the TCT while sparing the adjacent corticospinal tract in the internal capsule. Given that electrolytic lesions were the most specific and sensitive for targeting the TCT, this model was used for behavioral experiments to measure the impact of sensory tract lesion on dexterity. Lesions to the TCT were associated with a significant decrease in the use of the contralateral forelimb in the cylinder task, and the degree of impairment positively correlated with the degree of injury.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, specific sensory system lesions of the TCT impair forelimb use, suggesting a key role for skilled movement.</p>","PeriodicalId":50585,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"143-154"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143711968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid Proliferation of Dentate Gyrus Progenitors in the Ferret Hippocampus following Neonatal Lipopolysaccharide Exposure.","authors":"K Sawada, S Kamiya","doi":"10.1159/000546709","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546709","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plays a role in innate immunity and is used in animal models of maternal immune activation. The current study attempted to clarify the effect of LPS exposure on the dentate gyrus progenitors in ferret neonates.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>LPS was administered subcutaneously at 500 μg/g of body weight to ferrets on postnatal days 6 and 7. Animals were injected intraperitonially with BrdU simultaneously with a second LPS injection to label the proliferating cells following LPS exposure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two hours after BrdU injection, a significantly greater density of BrdU-labeled cells was observed in the hilus of the hippocampal dentate gyrus in LPS-exposed ferrets than in that of the controls. The majority of BrdU-labeled cells were Sox2 immunopositive in either the granular/subgranular layers or hilus in both groups. The percentages of BLBP (a marker of adult-type dentate gyrus progenitors), S100 (a marker of glial cells), and cleaved caspase 3 (a marker of apoptosis) were significantly lower in the granular/subgranular layers and/or hilus of LPS-exposed ferrets than in those of the controls.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that LPS promotes the proliferation of dentate gyrus progenitors. LPS may further act on the post-proliferative dentate gyrus progenitors to sustain their embryonic-type characteristics by preventing their transitions into the BLBP-expressing adult-type and/or S100-expressing glial cell lineages and by inhibiting programmed cell death.</p>","PeriodicalId":50585,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"97-104"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Typical Development of the Central Sulcus in Infancy: A Longitudinal Evaluation of Its Morphology and Link to Behaviour.","authors":"Amaia Dornier, Alexia Gérard, Yann Leprince, Lucie Hertz-Pannier, Jean-François Mangin, Marianne Barbu-Roth, Jessica Dubois, Dollyane Muret","doi":"10.1159/000546958","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546958","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The progressive folding of the cortex is an important feature of neurodevelopment starting around the 14th week of gestation. The central sulcus (CS) is one of the first to fold. Since it represents the anatomical boundary between primary somatosensory and motor functional regions, its developing morphology may inform on the acquisition of sensorimotor skills. We aimed to identify potential asynchronous morphological changes along the CS during infancy, with the hypothesis that this may reflect the differential onset in the emergence of motor milestones across body parts.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Based on 3T anatomical magnetic resonance imaging and dedicated post-processing, we characterized the evolution in CS depth and curvature, along with their respective interhemispheric asymmetries in 33 typical infants (aged 1 and 3 months, 22 with longitudinal data) in relation to 23 young adults as a reference. Four regions of interest (ROIs) along the CS, supposed to correspond to different parts of the body and one centred on the hand knob (HK), were reproducibly examined and compared across groups. We also explored the relationship between the age-related changes in morphological features and the global motor scaled scores evaluated at 3 months of age with the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No interhemispheric asymmetry in CS depth and curvature was observed. While all ROIs showed significant increases in CS depth and curvature between 3-month-olds and adults, the results were more variable between 1 and 3 months of age depending on cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. The central-medial and central-lateral regions showed the most consistent increase in depth. Besides, motor development at 3 months of age was not significantly related to CS morphological changes, but a positive trend was observed for depth changes in the (HK-related) central-medial ROI.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The rapid evolution of CS folding during infancy may reflect the intense but asynchronous maturation of the brain sensorimotor system, with the differential growth of cortical areas related to body parts and underlying white matter connections. Although it will have to be replicated on larger groups and at other ages, this longitudinal and multimodal study highlights the potential of characterizing CS features as key markers of early sensorimotor development, both at the cerebral and behavioural levels. Combining anatomical and functional neuroimaging could provide deeper insights into the relationship between CS morphology and somatotopic organization in typical infants, but also in infants at risk of developing motor disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":50585,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"251-270"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144369500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}