{"title":"Development of portable deterioration diagnosis device for oil filled transformers based on near-infrared spectroscopic information","authors":"Seiichirou Oshima, Ken-Ichiro Suehara, Fumiya Fushimi, Hisahide Nakamura, Atsushi Hashimoto","doi":"10.1002/ecj.12451","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ecj.12451","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A transformer plays a key role in electric power distribution system; therefore, when the transformer fails, several electrical components may get affected. As a result, diagnosing the deterioration of transformers is important for the management of electric power distribution system. The furfural content in the insulating oil of a transformer is widely used as an indicator of deterioration because furfural is generated by the decomposition of insulating paper. However, analyzing the furfural content is time consuming because of the requirement of a professional and the complexity of the diagnosis process. In this study, we propose a novel method for analyzing the amount of furfural in the insulating oil based on near-infrared spectroscopic data obtained using the developed portable spectrometer, which can be used for the on-site analysis at transformer installation sites. We selected wavenumbers with high correlation coefficients between the furfural content of oil and the spectroscopic data and estimated the furfural content by partial least squares regression. The results suggest that the furfural content can be analyzed in a few minutes using a small amount of oil through a portable diagnostic device.</p>","PeriodicalId":50539,"journal":{"name":"Electronics and Communications in Japan","volume":"107 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141149075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Binary image embedding and restoration in speech signal","authors":"Shuya Ikesugi, Arata Kawamura","doi":"10.1002/ecj.12444","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ecj.12444","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this paper, we propose a method of embedding images into a speech signal. An image is embedded in the high frequency band above 16 kHz of the speech signal to be difficult to perceive for humans. In the proposed method, the image is embedded after being binarized by the error diffusion method. When the image is embedded, we apply an iterative phase restoration method to avoid noise generation. We also investigate a compensation method for an extracted image whose quality degrades due to transmission channel characteristics. Simulation and real-environmental experiments showed that the proposed method significantly improved the quality of the extracted image on the receiver side.</p>","PeriodicalId":50539,"journal":{"name":"Electronics and Communications in Japan","volume":"107 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141105838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fabricating process of thin-strain sensor by utilizing wafer-level-packaging techniques","authors":"Takanori Aono, Masatoshi Kanamaru, Hiroshi Ikeda","doi":"10.1002/ecj.12450","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ecj.12450","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This research has developed a fabricating process of thin-strain sensor by utilizing wafer-level-packaging (WLP) techniques. The thickness of sensor makes thinner, its performance is able to highly increase. However, the thinner sensor was fragile, and so it was difficult to handle in post processes. Thus, a thin sensor with lid by utilizing WLP techniques, which is tough to break even when handled, is proposed in this research. More than 250-µm-deep grooves were fabricated around the lid by deep reactive ion etching. After the lid substrate was bonded on the sensor substrate with a resin, the sensor and lid substrates were respectively polished to 50 and 200 µm thickness. The lids were released along the grooves, and the 50-µm-thick strain sensors were able to be fabricated by utilizing WLP techniques. This sensor was used as a diaphragm to measure pressure. The sensors were assembled on a stainless steel housing without breakage. The performance of the developed sensor was almost showed with a conventional pressure sensor.</p>","PeriodicalId":50539,"journal":{"name":"Electronics and Communications in Japan","volume":"107 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141121039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analysis of partial load loss of the PCS and internal storage battery loss in residential PV power generation and storage battery systems","authors":"Manaka Yamada, Ken-Ichiro Nishio","doi":"10.1002/ecj.12452","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ecj.12452","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study aims to quantify the amount of loss due to partial load of power conditioning system (PCS) and internal loss of storage battery in residential photovoltaic (PV) power generation and storage battery system by using home energy management system (HEMS) data. After identifying the configuration of the PV power generation and storage battery system, HEMS data on PV power generation, household demand, storage battery charging, storage battery discharging, purchased power and sold power were extracted and analyzed according to the research purpose. As a result, the loss due to partial load of the PCS and the average internal loss of the storage battery were quantified. In addition, it was confirmed that a more realistic system simulation could be performed by considering the impact of the partial load of the PCS and the average internal loss of the storage battery.</p>","PeriodicalId":50539,"journal":{"name":"Electronics and Communications in Japan","volume":"107 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141062284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Adaptive output feedback control system design for nonlinear systems via neural networks","authors":"Zhao Li, Nozomu Otakara, Nozomu Kato, Ikuro Mizumoto","doi":"10.1002/ecj.12446","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ecj.12446","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Adaptive output feedback control based on output feedback exponential passivity (OFEP) has a simple structure and strong robustness in regard to disturbances and system uncertainties. However, it is difficult for most nonlinear systems to satisfy the conditions of OFEP. Thus, the introduction of a suitable parallel feedforward compensator (PFC) to construct an OFEP-augmented system with the controlled system has been used, but the control output cannot achieve perfect tracking because of the output of the introduced PFC. As a solution, introducing a feedforward (FF) input to build a 2 degree of freedom (2-DOF) is a simple and effective way to solve this problem. In this paper, we propose the design schemes for suitable PFC and FF input of nonlinear systems via the use of neural networks (NN), respectively. Besides, to cope with possibly present input disturbances, we also provide a method to achieve disturbance compensation based on NN to reduce their interference. Finally, the effectiveness of all proposed design schemes is confirmed through numerical simulations.</p>","PeriodicalId":50539,"journal":{"name":"Electronics and Communications in Japan","volume":"107 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141125060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A statistical integrative analysis method for microRNA and gene expression","authors":"Keita Kodama, Tomohiro Umezu, Yutaka Fukuoka","doi":"10.1002/ecj.12449","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ecj.12449","url":null,"abstract":"<p>MicroRNA (miRNA), a type of non-coding RNA, is known to suppress the expression of target genes and there is an increasing number of studies analyzing various miRNAs in cancer. In an integrated analysis of miRNA and gene expressions, it is often difficult to obtain a significant result with a small amount of data. In this study, we proposed a method that allows integrated analysis even with a small amount of miRNA and gene expression data, and examined its validity. The method is based on a group comparison between target genes having specific functions controlled by a specific miRNA and a background group of randomly selected genes. We conducted a simulation to verify the validity of the proposed method. The simulation results indicated that the method can detect significant differences in expression of target genes controlled by a miRNA showing significant expression change. We then applied the proposed method to real data derived from multiple myeloma cells. As a result, some functions were detected as significantly changed due to a significant change of miRNA.</p>","PeriodicalId":50539,"journal":{"name":"Electronics and Communications in Japan","volume":"107 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140964217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development of a virtual reality system that generates prism adaptation for multiple motor units","authors":"Takashi Ishida, Hiroki Higa","doi":"10.1002/ecj.12441","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ecj.12441","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Conventionally, the adaptive body area for prism adaptation (PA) has been limited to the visible area of prism glasses, especially the unilateral upper limbs. In this study, we developed a virtual reality system that extends PA's adaptive body area. This system sets the visible area of the target and introduces a symbolic representation of the body position to realize a head position adaptation task. As a result, the develped system generates PA not to individual body parts but to a collection of multiple motor units. Furthermore, experimental results in healthy subjects showed that the head position adaptation task could generate PA in the upper trunk system (The upper trunk system is defined as a system consisting of the upper trunk, head, and upper extremities) and displace it to the left anteriorly. Therefore, the head position adaptation task is expected to be effective for the postural correction of USN patients with upper trunk system tilt to the right posteriorly. Moreover, the developed system has potential applications in a wide range of fields, such as detecting cerebellar disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":50539,"journal":{"name":"Electronics and Communications in Japan","volume":"107 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139978991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design of a model-free controller based on predictive functional control","authors":"Yoichiro Ashida, Masaru Katayama","doi":"10.1002/ecj.12442","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ecj.12442","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Intelligent-PID (i-PID) control proposed by Fliess is a simple control algorithm. The controller is designed based on ultra-local model, and consisted of PID type controller and derivatives of reference signal and controlled variables. Authors have considered discrete i-PID controller and its properties, and one of the result was that PD controller was sufficient in discrete time domain. In discrete i-PID controller, PD type controller is still required to ensure convergence of controlled error to zero, and PD type parameters affects convergence property, fast-response property and stability. In this paper, predictive functional control (PFC) based on an ultra-local model is proposed. By introducing of PFC, controlled variable converge to reference value without PD type controller. User-specified parameters of the proposed controller is smaller than the conventional i-PID controller. Characteristics of the proposed controller are compared with discrete i-PID controller by numerical examples.</p>","PeriodicalId":50539,"journal":{"name":"Electronics and Communications in Japan","volume":"107 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139761311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kazuki Komiya, Koki Nagata, Hidehiko Yamaoka, Shuichi Date, Yuito Miyashita, Min Yan
{"title":"Investigation of vacuum measurement by nano-gap device","authors":"Kazuki Komiya, Koki Nagata, Hidehiko Yamaoka, Shuichi Date, Yuito Miyashita, Min Yan","doi":"10.1002/ecj.12440","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ecj.12440","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Advances in microfabrication technology have enabled electron beam lithography (EB lithography) systems to produce microfabrication on the order of 10 of nanometers. Using this technology, we have fabricated nanogap electrodes that can generate large electric fields at low voltages. The gap between the tips of the fabricated electrodes is 100 nm, and the curvature of each tip is 50 nm. The device was confirmed to work as an electronic vacuum gauge, the device successfully measured vacuum from 10<sup>−3</sup> to 1 Pa at the electrode voltage of 3 V.</p>","PeriodicalId":50539,"journal":{"name":"Electronics and Communications in Japan","volume":"107 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139027523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cuff-less blood pressure estimation using hetero-core optical fibers","authors":"Yuya Koyama, Hiroki Kamada, Kazuhiro Watanabe, Michiko Nishiyama","doi":"10.1002/ecj.12438","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ecj.12438","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this study, we proposed a cuff-less blood pressure measurement using a medical tape sensor with an embedded hetero-core optical fiber. The tape sensor pasted on the skin can directly detect pulse wave signals with a simple measuring device. Pulse transit time (PTT) was obtained from the time difference between the two pulse waveforms at the neck and foot. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was estimated from PTT and the regression equation. The result shows that the maximum prediction error was 3.8 mmHg in five healthy young subjects. The SBP data were evaluated using a Bland-Altman method to assess the agreement of SBP data estimated by the proposed method with those measured by the cuff-based electronic sphygmomanometer. The mean ± 1.96 standard deviation of the estimated SBP against the reference was −1.3 ± 5.1 mmHg. The results show that the proposed noninvasive blood pressure measurement method can measure blood pressure, and its accuracy is comparable to that of the cuff-based electronic sphygmomanometer.</p>","PeriodicalId":50539,"journal":{"name":"Electronics and Communications in Japan","volume":"107 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138689061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}