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A Novel Method for Load Voltage Regulation and Power Transfer Efficiency Maximization in Wireless Power Transfer Circuits Exploiting a Switching Voltage Regulator 一种利用开关稳压器的无线电力传输电路中负载电压调节和功率传输效率最大化的新方法
IF 0.5 4区 工程技术
Electronics and Communications in Japan Pub Date : 2025-05-10 DOI: 10.1002/ecj.12488
Takahiro Fujita, Kazuyuki Wada
{"title":"A Novel Method for Load Voltage Regulation and Power Transfer Efficiency Maximization in Wireless Power Transfer Circuits Exploiting a Switching Voltage Regulator","authors":"Takahiro Fujita,&nbsp;Kazuyuki Wada","doi":"10.1002/ecj.12488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecj.12488","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This paper proposes a novel control strategy for wireless power transfer (WPT) circuits that achieves both load voltage regulation and maximum efficiency control for varied resistive loads. The proposed method is based on the characteristic that the input impedance of a switching voltage regulator depends on its input voltage. The switching regulator is utilized not only for load voltage regulation but also for impedance conversion to maximize the transfer efficiency. External communication circuits for feedback control from the secondary side to the primary side are unnecessary as the controllers on both sides operate independently. Experimental results approximately match the derived theoretical values and validate the proposed method.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50539,"journal":{"name":"Electronics and Communications in Japan","volume":"108 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144220357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Development of Ultra-Low Power Ultra-Low Frequency Oscillator Using GIDL Current for Edge AI Devices for Long-Term and Intermittent Monitoring 基于GIDL电流的边缘人工智能设备超低功耗超低频振荡器的研制，用于长期和间歇监测
IF 0.5 4区 工程技术
Electronics and Communications in Japan Pub Date : 2025-05-10 DOI: 10.1002/ecj.12492
Bang Du, Kohei Nakamura, Beiyutong Huang, Aoi Kataura, Ryo Hasegawa, Takafumi Fukushima, Koji Kiyoyama, Tetsu Tanaka
{"title":"Development of Ultra-Low Power Ultra-Low Frequency Oscillator Using GIDL Current for Edge AI Devices for Long-Term and Intermittent Monitoring","authors":"Bang Du,&nbsp;Kohei Nakamura,&nbsp;Beiyutong Huang,&nbsp;Aoi Kataura,&nbsp;Ryo Hasegawa,&nbsp;Takafumi Fukushima,&nbsp;Koji Kiyoyama,&nbsp;Tetsu Tanaka","doi":"10.1002/ecj.12492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecj.12492","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This paper describes a new ultra-low-power and ultra-low-frequency oscillator using the GIDL current used in edge AI devices for long-term and intermittent monitoring applications. Various characteristics of the GIDL current were measured and compared with the subthreshold current. An ultra-low frequency GIDL ring oscillator was designed and evaluated with the measurement results. As a result, ultra-low frequency oscillation from 0.94 to 5.1 Hz was successfully achieved. An extremely small circuit area was achieved because integrated resistors and capacitors were not used. From the power consumption analysis, a new low-power design was conducted from the viewpoints of “shortening the signal transition time of the buffer circuit” and “reducing the short-circuit current of the buffer circuit,” and ultra-low power operation of 71.6 pW was successfully achieved in circuit simulation. GIDL ring oscillator is a promising candidate for an ultra-low-power and ultra-low-frequency oscillator with high environmental stability.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50539,"journal":{"name":"Electronics and Communications in Japan","volume":"108 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144220435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Local Glucose Tolerance Test Needle With Measurement and Administration Flow Channels 局部葡萄糖耐量试验针与测量和给药流动通道
IF 0.5 4区 工程技术
Electronics and Communications in Japan Pub Date : 2025-05-02 DOI: 10.1002/ecj.12486
Noriko Tsuruoka, Yoichi Haga
{"title":"Local Glucose Tolerance Test Needle With Measurement and Administration Flow Channels","authors":"Noriko Tsuruoka,&nbsp;Yoichi Haga","doi":"10.1002/ecj.12486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecj.12486","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Assessment of impaired insulin secretion and insulin resistance is critical to determining the type of diabetes and planning optimal management and preventive strategies in clinical practice. To measure insulin resistance, a minimally invasive needle with measurement and administration flow channels for local glucose tolerance tests was fabricated. The administration flow channel has a hole on the tip end of the flow channel. The microperfusion flow channel starts from the root side of the needle, turns around at the needle-tip end, and returns back to the root side of the needle. It has a perforated membrane on the surface of the area placed in the skin when inserted. Glucose is administrated through the flow channel, and glucose concentration of the skin is measured by microperfusion before and after administration. When the perfusate is perfused into the microperfusion flow channel, since the glucose concentration of the skin is higher than the perfusate, glucose contained in the skin's interstitial fluid moves into the flow channel through the perforated membrane by concentration diffusion, and the glucose can be collected. The needle's administration and glucose-collecting functions were evaluated in the skin of mice.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50539,"journal":{"name":"Electronics and Communications in Japan","volume":"108 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144220114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Facial Expression Recognition by Deep Learning Models Using Multiple Datasets 基于多数据集的深度学习模型面部表情识别
IF 0.5 4区 工程技术
Electronics and Communications in Japan Pub Date : 2025-04-30 DOI: 10.1002/ecj.12484
Takashi Kuremoto, Yuya Mori, Shingo Mabu
{"title":"Facial Expression Recognition by Deep Learning Models Using Multiple Datasets","authors":"Takashi Kuremoto,&nbsp;Yuya Mori,&nbsp;Shingo Mabu","doi":"10.1002/ecj.12484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecj.12484","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Facial Expression Recognition has been studied for many years; however, it remains a challenging task in real-world environments due to complex backgrounds, varying illumination conditions, and online processing issues. In this study, we propose a deep learning model, CAER-Net-RS, by leveraging multiple training datasets. The proposed model integrates three neural networks: the Face Network, the Context Network, and the Adaptive Network. Different datasets are employed for the pretraining of these networks: the facial expression image dataset RAF-DB for the Face Network, the scene image dataset Places365-Standard for the Context Network, and the CAER-S dataset for the Adaptive Network. In the experiment, the proposed model achieved an average recognition accuracy of 85.20% across seven types of facial expressions, compared to 70.92% for the conventional Context-Aware Emotion Recognition Network (CAER-Net).</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50539,"journal":{"name":"Electronics and Communications in Japan","volume":"108 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144220379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Ultra-Minimally Invasive Current Measurement in Fast Switching GaN Devices Using Optical Probe Current Sensor 基于光探针电流传感器的快速开关GaN器件的超微创电流测量
IF 0.5 4区 工程技术
Electronics and Communications in Japan Pub Date : 2025-04-29 DOI: 10.1002/ecj.12491
Satoshi Sue, Mitsunori Miyamoto, Toshiya Kubo, Makoto Sonehara, Toshiro Sato, Ryu Nagahama
{"title":"Ultra-Minimally Invasive Current Measurement in Fast Switching GaN Devices Using Optical Probe Current Sensor","authors":"Satoshi Sue,&nbsp;Mitsunori Miyamoto,&nbsp;Toshiya Kubo,&nbsp;Makoto Sonehara,&nbsp;Toshiro Sato,&nbsp;Ryu Nagahama","doi":"10.1002/ecj.12491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecj.12491","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Previously, the authors have proposed a contactless probe-type current sensor with low insertion impedance. In this paper, the insertion impedance of the proposed current sensor at high frequencies is clarified. Then, we measured the actual high-speed switching current flowing through a GaN device and compared the measured waveforms with those of a coaxial-type shunt resistor. Comparison of the measured waveforms showed that the coaxial shunt resistor exhibited ringing in the waveform due to the effect of insertion impedance, but the proposed current sensor exhibited less ringing, indicating that the measurement is minimally invasive to the circuit under test.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50539,"journal":{"name":"Electronics and Communications in Japan","volume":"108 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144220373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sound Localization by Bone Conduction Headphones Using the Differential Characteristics Between Air Conduction and Bone Conduction 骨传导耳机利用空气传导和骨传导的不同特性进行声音定位
IF 0.5 4区 工程技术
Electronics and Communications in Japan Pub Date : 2025-04-29 DOI: 10.1002/ecj.12493
Hiroyuki Kadota, Mizuki Fukumori, Yasunori Sugita
{"title":"Sound Localization by Bone Conduction Headphones Using the Differential Characteristics Between Air Conduction and Bone Conduction","authors":"Hiroyuki Kadota,&nbsp;Mizuki Fukumori,&nbsp;Yasunori Sugita","doi":"10.1002/ecj.12493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecj.12493","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To improve the accuracy of the sound image localization technique using bone conduction headphones and head-related transfer functions, this paper proposes a preprocessing method using the difference of transfer characteristics between from the entrance of ear canal to cochlea and from transducer to cochlea. The estimation of the differential characteristic is performed using Distortion Product OtoAcoustic Emission (DPOAE) and the preprocessing is realized using finite impulse response (FIR) digital filters. In subjective experiments on sound image localization, it was confirmed that the proposed method improves the localization accuracy compared to the case without preprocessing.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50539,"journal":{"name":"Electronics and Communications in Japan","volume":"108 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144220371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Analytical Controller Design for Model-Following Control Systems Considering Input-Output Quantization 考虑输入输出量化的模型跟踪控制系统的解析控制器设计
IF 0.5 4区 工程技术
Electronics and Communications in Japan Pub Date : 2025-04-29 DOI: 10.1002/ecj.12487
Kenta Nagao, Natsuki Kawaguchi, Takao Sato
{"title":"Analytical Controller Design for Model-Following Control Systems Considering Input-Output Quantization","authors":"Kenta Nagao,&nbsp;Natsuki Kawaguchi,&nbsp;Takao Sato","doi":"10.1002/ecj.12487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecj.12487","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In control systems using network communication or digital sensors, the quantization of input and output signals can significantly impact control performance. Therefore, it is essential to incorporate signal quantification into the control system design to prevent performance degradation. This study proposes a controller design method for systems in which both inputs and outputs are quantized. The proposed method derives a controller that minimizes the upper bound of the error between a plant output and a reference model output. In contrast to previous studies, our proposed method avoids solving matrix inequalities numerically and provides an analytical design approach.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50539,"journal":{"name":"Electronics and Communications in Japan","volume":"108 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144220372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Antenna Beamforming With Feedback Phase Control and a Study on the Control Stability 反馈相位控制的天线波束形成及控制稳定性研究
IF 0.5 4区 工程技术
Electronics and Communications in Japan Pub Date : 2025-04-29 DOI: 10.1002/ecj.12485
Takafumi Yamaji, Fumiya Nishikawa
{"title":"Antenna Beamforming With Feedback Phase Control and a Study on the Control Stability","authors":"Takafumi Yamaji,&nbsp;Fumiya Nishikawa","doi":"10.1002/ecj.12485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecj.12485","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>An antenna beamforming system with feedback phase control is proposed, and an analysis of the control stability is described. When the number of the antenna elements is two, the phases are controlled depending on the residual phase difference of the signals. It can be realized with a simple feedback system. When the number of the antenna elements is more than two, there are plural phase differences, and plural control loops are required. It makes the stability analysis complex. In this paper, a control system with small number of feedback loops is proposed, and an analysis method with eigenvalues of the transfer matrix is described.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50539,"journal":{"name":"Electronics and Communications in Japan","volume":"108 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144220370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Development of a Permanent Magnet With High Uniformity and High Magnetic Field for Miniaturization of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Measurement System 面向核磁共振测量系统小型化的高均匀高磁场永磁体的研制
IF 0.5 4区 工程技术
Electronics and Communications in Japan Pub Date : 2025-04-27 DOI: 10.1002/ecj.12490
Masato Futagawa, Tomoya Nomura, Kentaro Miura, Satoshi Ota
{"title":"Development of a Permanent Magnet With High Uniformity and High Magnetic Field for Miniaturization of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Measurement System","authors":"Masato Futagawa,&nbsp;Tomoya Nomura,&nbsp;Kentaro Miura,&nbsp;Satoshi Ota","doi":"10.1002/ecj.12490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecj.12490","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We developed a static magnetic field for miniaturization of the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurement system to measure nutrient solution in agricultural field. Instead of the large electromagnets used in our previous work, a permanent magnet was used to establish a static magnetic field. The design was based on the Halbach array, which allows the magnetic field to be concentrated on one side to increase the magnetic force. To avoid the problem of reducing the magnetic force of the magnets, the array magnets were optimized so that they could be composed of a combination of simple square prism magnets. Observation of the magnetic flux density of the fabricated permanent magnets showed that the magnetic flux density at the center was 0.946 T, and an error of less than 5 mT in magnetic flux density could be achieved. As a result, we succeeded in producing the permanent magnet. NMR measurements of water and air were performed using the produced magnets. When measuring water, a signal at 39.679 MHz was observed, which is the signal of hydrogen. In contrast, no signal was observed in air. Therefore, the NMR signal was successfully measured using the fabricated permanent magnet.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50539,"journal":{"name":"Electronics and Communications in Japan","volume":"108 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144220179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cost Constrained Cultivation Management With Sensors Considering Fluctuation of Crop Price 考虑作物价格波动的传感器成本约束栽培管理
IF 0.5 4区 工程技术
Electronics and Communications in Japan Pub Date : 2025-04-27 DOI: 10.1002/ecj.12489
Yasunari Maeda
{"title":"Cost Constrained Cultivation Management With Sensors Considering Fluctuation of Crop Price","authors":"Yasunari Maeda","doi":"10.1002/ecj.12489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecj.12489","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There is a lot of previous research on cultivation management based on mathematical engineering. In some previous research, the expected profit of cost-constrained cultivation management for multiple agricultural fields with sensors is maximized under the condition that growing states are unknown. However, in the previous research, it is assumed that the same crop will be grown in all agricultural fields and crop prices do not fluctuate. In this research, cost-constrained cultivation management with sensors considering fluctuation of crop price under the condition that different crops can be grown in the agricultural fields and growing states are unknown is studied. The cultivation management problem is modeled by Markov decision processes, as in previous research. The expected profit is maximized with reference to a Bayes criterion using dynamic programming in the proposed method. The effectiveness of the proposed method is shown by some computational examples. Adaptive cost adjustment between the different crops is confirmed in the computational examples.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50539,"journal":{"name":"Electronics and Communications in Japan","volume":"108 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144220178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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