Fire Safety Journal最新文献_第5页

Study on gas release behavior and multi-level early warning mechanism of polyurethane and coal co-combustion 聚氨酯与煤共燃气体释放行为及多级预警机制研究

IF 3.3 3区工程技术

Fire Safety Journal Pub Date : 2025-08-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.firesaf.2025.104481

PengCheng Zhang , Haihui Xin , Guangyu Bai , Shaoting Ju , Xuyao Qi , ZhuoLin Dong , Deming Wang

{"title":"Study on gas release behavior and multi-level early warning mechanism of polyurethane and coal co-combustion","authors":"PengCheng Zhang , Haihui Xin , Guangyu Bai , Shaoting Ju , Xuyao Qi , ZhuoLin Dong , Deming Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.firesaf.2025.104481","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.firesaf.2025.104481","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, with the wide application of polymer grouting material in coal mines, fire accidents of polymer materials have occurred occasionally. The traditional early warning gas index of coal spontaneous combustion is no longer suitable for the actual situation of the site when polyurethane and coal (PUF/Coal) are co-fired. In this study, aiming at the problem of unclear gas release pattern of PUF/Coal co-combustion, a combustion model of PUF/Coal was designed based on the actual filling condition. On-line mass spectrometry, SEM and low-temperature CO<sub>2</sub> adsorption were used to explore the release pattern of characteristic gases under the co-combustion system, and to propose the indicators of characteristic warning gases under PUF/coal co-combustion. The results show that adding polyurethane promotes the combustion of coal and reduces the cross temperature of the co-combustion system. The combustion of polyurethane leads to the expansion of micropores and the increase of microcracks in coal, which promotes the rapid release of gases. Based on the generation and oxidation characteristics of these key characteristic gases, we propose a five-level early warning for PUF/Coal co-combustion, which can effectively provide scientific guidance for fire prevention in related industrial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50445,"journal":{"name":"Fire Safety Journal","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 104481"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144829840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessing the probability of fire and explosion accidents from unsafe behaviors in laboratories: an innovative approach integrating object detection and behavior deduction 实验室不安全行为引发火灾和爆炸事故的概率评估：一种整合目标检测和行为演绎的创新方法

IF 3.3 3区工程技术

Fire Safety Journal Pub Date : 2025-07-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.firesaf.2025.104485

Xiaofeng Hu , Jinming Hu , Teng Teng , Yiping Bai , Jiajun Wen , Jiansong Wu

{"title":"Assessing the probability of fire and explosion accidents from unsafe behaviors in laboratories: an innovative approach integrating object detection and behavior deduction","authors":"Xiaofeng Hu , Jinming Hu , Teng Teng , Yiping Bai , Jiajun Wen , Jiansong Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.firesaf.2025.104485","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.firesaf.2025.104485","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Unsafe behaviors are usually recognized as a critical factor in process safety<strong>,</strong> as they often serve as the primary trigger for accidents and hazardous events. To address the risks associated with unsafe behaviors in laboratory environments, an innovative approach is proposed for identifying and assessing behaviors that could lead to fires or explosions. In a case study focusing on seven specific unsafe behaviors in a chemistry laboratory, YOLOv11, an object detection model, was trained on a realistic video dataset. The model demonstrated high precision in identifying these behaviors, with most detections achieving scores above 0.9, and even small target instances scoring above 0.8. Recall rates are also notably high, with F1 scores consistently exceeding 0.8. To further assess the risks associated with these detected unsafe behaviors, a Bayesian network model is established to conduct scenario analysis, revealing that coexisting multiple target features may lead to coupling risks, thereby significantly increasing risk levels. Overall, this integrated approach offers a robust framework for the identification, assessment, and mitigation of unsafe behaviors in laboratories, ultimately enhancing safety and mitigating potential hazards.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50445,"journal":{"name":"Fire Safety Journal","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 104485"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144766695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Insight into laboratory-scale junction-fire dynamics using 3-D physics-based numerical simulations 洞察实验室规模的连接火动力学使用三维物理为基础的数值模拟

IF 3.3 3区工程技术

Fire Safety Journal Pub Date : 2025-07-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.firesaf.2025.104489

Ahmad Hassan , Gilbert Accary , Jason Sharples , Khalid Moinuddin

{"title":"Insight into laboratory-scale junction-fire dynamics using 3-D physics-based numerical simulations","authors":"Ahmad Hassan , Gilbert Accary , Jason Sharples , Khalid Moinuddin","doi":"10.1016/j.firesaf.2025.104489","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.firesaf.2025.104489","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Junction fires exhibit complex behaviour and are characterised by unique physical processes, which have attracted considerable interest in the wildfire community. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of junction-fire dynamics, leveraging numerical simulations to understand the mechanisms responsible for fire-spread deceleration observed experimentally and to provide insights about the characteristics of fire-induced wind. Using the FIRESTAR3D model, a fully physical, CFD, wildfire simulator, junction fire simulations were conducted at laboratory scale under various junction angles, terrain slopes, and prescribed wind speeds. An analysis of the interaction between the flow field and the flames’ structure was carried out. Results show that the deceleration phase of junction fire propagation, observed experimentally at small junction angles on a horizontal terrain with no imposed wind, is due to a change in the flame direction preceding the fire-spread deceleration, resulting in a decrease in the interaction between the arms of the junction fire. The study also provides a better understanding of the action of fire-induced wind and competition with the prevailing wind in shaping the junction fire flames. This study offers new insights into the complex dynamics of junction fires, and the analysis of induced wind supports the development of comprehensive scaling laws for their behaviour.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50445,"journal":{"name":"Fire Safety Journal","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 104489"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144781195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Causal Network Topology Analysis (CaNeTA) as a tool for risk assessment in fire safety engineering” [Fire Saf. J. 140, (2023) 103880] “因果网络拓扑分析（CaNeTA）作为消防安全工程风险评估工具”的勘误表[消防安全]。J. 140, (2023) 103880]

IF 3.3 3区工程技术

Fire Safety Journal Pub Date : 2025-07-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.firesaf.2025.104478

Yifei Lin, David Lange, Benjamin J. Seligmann

引用次数: 0

Experimental investigation on characteristic parameters of thermal fields for weak-plume travelling fire in a full-length confined corridor 全密闭走廊弱羽流火灾热场特征参数的实验研究

IF 3.3 3区工程技术

Fire Safety Journal Pub Date : 2025-07-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.firesaf.2025.104488

Xianjia Huang , He Zhu , Mingjie Huang , Chaoliang Xing , Haiqing Deng , Lei Li , Ping Yang

{"title":"Experimental investigation on characteristic parameters of thermal fields for weak-plume travelling fire in a full-length confined corridor","authors":"Xianjia Huang , He Zhu , Mingjie Huang , Chaoliang Xing , Haiqing Deng , Lei Li , Ping Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.firesaf.2025.104488","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.firesaf.2025.104488","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The occurrence of cable fire is one of the highest fire hazards in the nuclear power plant. The fire scenario of the cable fire in the corridor that cable flame spread along cable tray can be considered as traveling fires in the confined space. The smoke layer was accumulated at upper zone in the confined space and had an important impact on fire dynamics, particularly for weak-plume traveling fires in confined spaces. Therefore, in this study, fire experiments on gas fuel flames moving at different speeds in a full-length corridor were conducted. The use of gas fuel decouples the interaction between the gas and solid phases. A critical speed was observed for the effect of the movement of the fire source on the upper smoke layer and ceiling jet flow. A traveling fire with a low speed generated a higher maximum upper layer and ceiling jet temperature than that with a high speed. Considering the effect of the accumulated smoke layer, an improved method of fire risk analysis was designed for weak-plume traveling fires in confined spaces. Compared with previous models, the improved method in this study can accurately predict the maximum ceiling jet temperatures. Then, the improved method enables accurate prediction of fire risk resulting from weak-plume traveling fires in confined spaces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50445,"journal":{"name":"Fire Safety Journal","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 104488"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144763794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hazard analysis of parallel fueling of LOX/kerosene at space launch site: Accident scenario construction and lab-scale experiments 航天发射场液氧/煤油平行加注的危害分析：事故情景构建和实验室规模实验

IF 3.3 3区工程技术

Fire Safety Journal Pub Date : 2025-07-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.firesaf.2025.104487

Zehua Yang , Chaoying Li , Zheng Yan , Kaiyu Zou , Jian Chen , Wenbin Yao , Shouxiang Lu , MingJun Xu

{"title":"Hazard analysis of parallel fueling of LOX/kerosene at space launch site: Accident scenario construction and lab-scale experiments","authors":"Zehua Yang , Chaoying Li , Zheng Yan , Kaiyu Zou , Jian Chen , Wenbin Yao , Shouxiang Lu , MingJun Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.firesaf.2025.104487","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.firesaf.2025.104487","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Liquid oxygen (LOX)/Rocket kerosene propulsion systems play a crucial role in space missions worldwide, offering advantages such as high thrust, safe storage, and low environmental impact. The physical properties of liquid fuels enable parallel fueling, significantly reducing launch preparation time. However, the safety of parallel fueling of LOX and rocket kerosene remains insufficiently assessed. Given that kerosene flammability increases with oxygen leakage, a comprehensive hazard analysis is essential. This study investigates potential oxygen-enriched fire scenarios arising from LOX and kerosene contact during parallel fueling at the launch sites. A series of small-scale fire experiments were conducted to quantify the effect of oxygen concentration on the ignition, combustion, and fire spread conditions and patterns of rocket kerosene. Based on experimental findings and accident scenarios analysis, a hazard analysis of the launch site and its surrounding environment was performed. Insights into hazard mitigation were also provided.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50445,"journal":{"name":"Fire Safety Journal","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 104487"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144750754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Study on the explosion characteristics of natural gas with non-uniform concentration in residential buildings 非均匀浓度天然气在住宅建筑中的爆炸特性研究

IF 3.3 3区工程技术

Fire Safety Journal Pub Date : 2025-07-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.firesaf.2025.104484

Shihao Li , Jingwen Sun , Xiaobin Li , Xinzhuang Dong , Hua Lv

{"title":"Study on the explosion characteristics of natural gas with non-uniform concentration in residential buildings","authors":"Shihao Li , Jingwen Sun , Xiaobin Li , Xinzhuang Dong , Hua Lv","doi":"10.1016/j.firesaf.2025.104484","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.firesaf.2025.104484","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper uses CFD software to simulate the pressure characteristics of an indoor non-uniform concentration natural gas explosion. When natural gas is distributed in a longitudinal concentration gradient, explosion overpressure and the degree of overpressure damage decrease as the concentration gradient increases, in comparison to the uniform concentration case, the concentration gradient exerts a pronounced influence on the explosion overpressure. Keeping the living room natural gas concentration constant at 5.3 %, when the concentration of natural gas in the kitchen was 6.3 %, the maximum explosion overpressure and the average explosion impulse exhibited the largest peaks, which reached 20.9 kPa and 706.4 N s, respectively. When the natural gas concentration in the kitchen was maintained at 25 %, the maximum explosion overpressure decreases with the increase of the concentration gradient. The same concentration gradient, and the maximum explosion overpressure under the transverse concentration gradient is always greater than the longitudinal concentration gradient. The results of the study can be used to refine techniques and methods of accident investigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50445,"journal":{"name":"Fire Safety Journal","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 104484"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144750732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigation of the impact of initial fuel depth on the burning rate of pool fires in an enclosed compartment: A study based on different extinction modes 初始燃料深度对密闭室内池火燃烧速率影响的研究——基于不同熄灭模式的研究

IF 3.3 3区工程技术

Fire Safety Journal Pub Date : 2025-07-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.firesaf.2025.104486

Jinbo Wang , Xiao Chen , Jia Jia , Shouxiang Lu

{"title":"Investigation of the impact of initial fuel depth on the burning rate of pool fires in an enclosed compartment: A study based on different extinction modes","authors":"Jinbo Wang , Xiao Chen , Jia Jia , Shouxiang Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.firesaf.2025.104486","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.firesaf.2025.104486","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, the impact of initial fuel depth on the burning rates of pool fires in an enclosed compartment was investigated through experimental research. The burning rates of pool fires, the oxygen concentration and the temperature distribution of the fire plume under different initial fuel depths were measured experimentally in the enclosed compartment. Results showed that the whole burning process of the pool fire could be divided into four stages: the initial growth stage, the transition stage, the steady burning stage, the boiling stage and the decay extinguishing stage. The dimensionless number <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>C</mi><msup><mi>δ</mi><mo>∗</mo></msup></msub></mrow></math></span> was proposed to be a power function relationship with the initial fuel depth <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>δ</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></mrow></math></span>. The temperature distribution along the fire plume centerline in an enclosed compartment contained the flame region, the intermittent region and the plume region as the initial fuel depth varied. A modified model for the temperature distribution of the fire plume coupled with the initial fuel depth was established. In addition, a prediction model of the burning rate was established on the basis of heat balance analysis for the burning out and self-extinction modes, incorporating parameters such as initial fuel depth, oxygen concentration and fuel pan diameter.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50445,"journal":{"name":"Fire Safety Journal","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 104486"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144771648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Real-time prediction of tunnel fire physical fields based on deep Learning: Integrating ceiling smoke extraction scenarios 基于深度学习的隧道火灾物理场实时预测——融合顶棚排烟场景

IF 3.3 3区工程技术

Fire Safety Journal Pub Date : 2025-07-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.firesaf.2025.104482

Zaige Fei , Xiajun Lin , Hao Wu , Junrui Duan , Haowei Hu , Jie Ji

{"title":"Real-time prediction of tunnel fire physical fields based on deep Learning: Integrating ceiling smoke extraction scenarios","authors":"Zaige Fei , Xiajun Lin , Hao Wu , Junrui Duan , Haowei Hu , Jie Ji","doi":"10.1016/j.firesaf.2025.104482","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.firesaf.2025.104482","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tunnels are critical transportation infrastructures. In the event of a tunnel fire, rapidly formulating an optimal smoke extraction strategy is an urgent challenge. This paper focuses on fast prediction methods for smoke propagation in tunnel fire scenarios, particularly under ceiling smoke extraction conditions, to enhance the response speed of emergency evacuation and rescue operations. To tackle the scarcity of tunnel fire-related data, we construct the Tunnel Fire Dataset (TFD) using numerical simulation techniques. Our results demonstrate that deep learning can accurately predict the dynamic evolution of multiple physical fields (such as temperature, visibility, and velocity) during tunnel fire incidents. This capability is crucial for optimizing smoke extraction systems and formulating effective fire response strategies. By leveraging deep learning models, we achieve a structural similarity index (SSIM) exceeding 0.99 for key physical field predictions, maintain mean squared error (MSE) within a small range across different data segments, and improve single-step inference speed to the second level. These advancements significantly enhance the timeliness and accuracy of tunnel fire emergency response. This research provides an improved pathway for emergency management and safety planning in complex fire scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50445,"journal":{"name":"Fire Safety Journal","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 104482"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144721706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Residual properties after high temperature exposure for normal weight concrete made with cement blends that include calcined clay and limestone 含有煅烧粘土和石灰石的水泥混合物制成的正常重量混凝土高温暴露后的残余性能

IF 3.3 3区工程技术

Fire Safety Journal Pub Date : 2025-07-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.firesaf.2025.104483

Emad Yaghmour , Jaime Ibarra Campa , Mitzy Torres , Max Brown , Lauren Llantero , Spencer Quiel , Clay Naito

{"title":"Residual properties after high temperature exposure for normal weight concrete made with cement blends that include calcined clay and limestone","authors":"Emad Yaghmour , Jaime Ibarra Campa , Mitzy Torres , Max Brown , Lauren Llantero , Spencer Quiel , Clay Naito","doi":"10.1016/j.firesaf.2025.104483","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.firesaf.2025.104483","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tests were conducted before and after high temperature exposure on normal weight concrete cylinders with mix designs that were identical except for their cementitious materials: 100 % ordinary Portland cement (OPC-100); 70 % OPC with 30 % metakaolin (i.e. calcined clay) (MK-30); 70 % OPC with 20 % metakaolin and 10 % limestone (LC2-30); and 70 % OPC with 18 % metakaolin, 9 % limestone, and 3 % gypsum (LC3-30). All concretes had comparable workability and compressive strengths at 1–28 days from casting. The inclusion of metakaolin reduced the ambient water permeability (up to 60 % less for MK-30), reflecting the observed change in microstructure from C-S-H gel in the OPC-100 to a denser C-A-S-H gel in mixes with metakaolin. Specimens were heated slowly (at a rate of 1–5 °C/min) to the first onset of spalling (at peak exposure temperatures of 307–350 °C) and then cooled to measure residual strength and water permeability. LC3-30 specimens exhibited the most spalling, and those that survived had the largest drop in residual strength (retaining ∼55 % of 28-day ambient strength, below current code-based values at these concrete temperatures). The other concretes suffered strength losses of 13–38 %, more consistent with code-based values. Residual permeability increased by an order of magnitude for all mixes after heating.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50445,"journal":{"name":"Fire Safety Journal","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 104483"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144757414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0