Fire Safety Journal最新文献_第3页

Effects of oil phase alkanes on the fire extinguishing efficiency of ferrocene-containing O/W microemulsions 油相烷烃对含二茂铁 O/W 微乳液灭火效率的影响

IF 3.4 3区工程技术

Fire Safety Journal Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.firesaf.2024.104254

Yusuke Koshiba , Takuya Iritani

{"title":"Effects of oil phase alkanes on the fire extinguishing efficiency of ferrocene-containing O/W microemulsions","authors":"Yusuke Koshiba , Takuya Iritani","doi":"10.1016/j.firesaf.2024.104254","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.firesaf.2024.104254","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study explored the effects of oil phase n-alkane on the emulsion properties and fire suppression ability of n-alkane/water microemulsions containing ferrocene. We used n-pentane, n-heptane, and n-decane as the oil-phase n-alkanes; the microemulsions were prepared according to the agent-in-water technique using Noigen TDS-80 as a surfactant. Emulsion stability testing and dynamic light scattering measurements demonstrated that the n-decane/water systems were thermodynamically unstable <em>macroemulsions</em>, whereas the n-pentane/water and n-heptane/water systems were thermodynamically stable <em>microemulsions</em>. Fire suppression trials proved that (i) most of the n-pentane/water and n-heptane/water microemulsions had an extinguishing probability of 1.0, (ii) their suppression ability was ranked as follows: the n-pentane/water microemulsions > the n-heptane/water microemulsions ≫ the decane/water macroemulsions; and (iii) the optimum concentration of ferrocene was 100 ppm. The suppression ability of the microemulsions is attributed to the radical scavenging efficiency in flames and the ease with which ferrocene in the microemulsions is released. The findings of this research suggest that the use of an n-alkane with a low boiling point significantly increases the suppression ability of a microemulsion. An outstanding advantage of microemulsions is that even highly lipophilic substances can be employed as additives to water mists, suggesting that the microemulsificaiton approach widens water mist additive options.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50445,"journal":{"name":"Fire Safety Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S037971122400167X/pdfft?md5=f208d80b992f651528031a4c77d6094f&pid=1-s2.0-S037971122400167X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142168498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Spotting ignition of plastic foam by a fast-moving hot metal particle 快速移动的热金属颗粒点燃塑料泡沫

IF 3.4 3区工程技术

Fire Safety Journal Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.firesaf.2024.104253

Supan Wang , Kaifeng Wang , Chunyin Zhang , Xinyan Huang

{"title":"Spotting ignition of plastic foam by a fast-moving hot metal particle","authors":"Supan Wang , Kaifeng Wang , Chunyin Zhang , Xinyan Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.firesaf.2024.104253","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.firesaf.2024.104253","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Spotting ignition involves dynamic interaction between fuel bed and hot particles, but the scientific understanding of the ignition by a fast-moving hot particle is still limited. Herein, a hot steel particle with various horizontal velocities, temperatures, and sizes is shot to ignite vertically oriented low-density expandable polystyrene foam. A high-speed particle can directly get embedded into the foam to achieve flash-point, fire-point, or no ignition, while a low-speed particle bounces away from the foam without ignition. Results show that for a particle of 1150 °C, its minimum velocity for embedding is 12.00 m/s. Such a critical velocity for hot-particle embedded or ignition slightly decreases as particle temperature increases. Minimum ignition temperature of these high-speed particles is 200 °C higher than that of near-static or with a low free-fall velocity, due to the shorter residence time and insufficient to produce a flammable mixture. Moreover, when the particle is neither too slow to bounce away nor too fast to get embedded, it will be partially embedded on the sample surface to burnout the fuel, posing the biggest fire hazard. It deepens our knowledge of the complex interaction between hot moving particles and insulation foam to reduce spotting fire risk for building façade.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50445,"journal":{"name":"Fire Safety Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142168500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modelling the maximum ceiling temperature with bifurcated plume in tunnel fires 隧道火灾中带有分叉羽流的最高顶棚温度建模

IF 3.4 3区工程技术

Fire Safety Journal Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.firesaf.2024.104249

Tianhang Zhang , Ganyu Wang , Jiangdong Li , Ke Wu , Lizhong Wang

{"title":"Modelling the maximum ceiling temperature with bifurcated plume in tunnel fires","authors":"Tianhang Zhang , Ganyu Wang , Jiangdong Li , Ke Wu , Lizhong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.firesaf.2024.104249","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.firesaf.2024.104249","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Evaluation of the temperature profile induced by tunnel fire is of great significance for fire detection and structural damage assessment. In this work, a special plume model, namely, the “plume bifurcation” is introduced, and its impact on the temperature distribution is analysed theoretically. Full-scale tunnel fire experiments and numerical simulations are conducted to investigate the plume evolution under various heat release rates and ventilation conditions. Results show that the plume will sperate into two sub-streams under strong ventilation condition, resulting in the multi-dimensional plume movement pattern when rising. The sub-plume impingement point location, quantified by the longitudinal vertical deflection angle <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>θ</mi><mi>v</mi></msub></mrow></math></span> and horizontal bifurcation angle <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>θ</mi><mi>h</mi></msub></mrow></math></span>, is correlated with the fire heat release rate and ventilation condition. The plume bifurcation angle is 0 when the dimensionless ventilation velocity <span><math><mrow><msup><mi>V</mi><mo>′</mo></msup><mo>≤</mo><mn>0.33</mn></mrow></math></span>, marking a single-stream plume; and rapidly increase and then slowly decrease with <span><math><mrow><msup><mi>V</mi><mo>′</mo></msup></mrow></math></span> when <span><math><mrow><msup><mi>V</mi><mo>′</mo></msup><mo>></mo><mn>0.33</mn></mrow></math></span>, representing the sudden occurrence and decay trend of plume bifurcation with the ventilation velocity. Finally, a novel bifurcated plume-based model to estimate the maximum ceiling temperature is proposed. This study reveals the role of multi-dimensional smoke movement in reshaping the temperature field, providing new perspectives for a deeper understanding of the smoke transport behaviour in longitudinally ventilated tunnel fires.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50445,"journal":{"name":"Fire Safety Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142163697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Numerical simulation of forest fires and possibilities to estimate aerosol emission: Recent advances 森林火灾的数值模拟和估算气溶胶排放的可能性：最新进展

IF 3.4 3区工程技术

Fire Safety Journal Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.firesaf.2024.104250

Nikolay Viktorovich Baranovskiy , Viktoriya Andreevna Vyatkina , Aleksey Mikhailovich Chernyshov

引用次数: 0

Full-scale car fire tests on FRP reinforced RC columns in piloti structures 试点结构中 FRP 加固 RC 柱的全尺寸汽车火灾试验

IF 3.4 3区工程技术

Fire Safety Journal Pub Date : 2024-08-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.firesaf.2024.104248

In-Rak Choi , Ji-Hye Park , Jeong-Ki Min , Jinwon Shin , Sungmo Choi

{"title":"Full-scale car fire tests on FRP reinforced RC columns in piloti structures","authors":"In-Rak Choi , Ji-Hye Park , Jeong-Ki Min , Jinwon Shin , Sungmo Choi","doi":"10.1016/j.firesaf.2024.104248","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.firesaf.2024.104248","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Car fire tests were conducted on fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforced columns to evaluate the fire effects on piloti structures. The study involved a mid-size car (1,998 cc) with fuel and tire air pressure removed to reduce the risk of explosion. The objectives were to measure the heat release rate (HRR) and temperature distributions during the fire and to evaluate the fire behavior of the columns in the piloti structure. Results from the car combustion test showed a total heat release of 5,210 MJ, with a maximum temperature of 455.0 °C at 2.5m height above the car ceiling and an internal temperature of 1025.7 °C near the ignition point at the car seat. In the piloti structure fire test, consisting of four reinforced concrete (RC) columns with and without FRP reinforcement and a roof slab, the maximum temperature reached 728.5 °C under the slab. Thicker FRP reinforcement resulted in lower temperatures on the column surface. Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) software was used to validate the test results and showed accurate predicted temperatures at 3m (within 10 % error). However, discrepancies were observed at 2.5m (24 % error) and below, although the simulated fire behavior agreed well with the test results for heights of 2.0m and above.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50445,"journal":{"name":"Fire Safety Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142083956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experimental and numerical investigation on the combustion behavior of densified wood: Differences among wood species and impact of char oxidation 致密木材燃烧行为的实验和数值研究：木材种类的差异和炭氧化的影响

IF 3.4 3区工程技术

Fire Safety Journal Pub Date : 2024-08-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.firesaf.2024.104245

Liang Yi , Yanzhen Zhuang , Zhengyang Wang , Yan Ding , Junhui Gong , Chunli Liu

{"title":"Experimental and numerical investigation on the combustion behavior of densified wood: Differences among wood species and impact of char oxidation","authors":"Liang Yi , Yanzhen Zhuang , Zhengyang Wang , Yan Ding , Junhui Gong , Chunli Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.firesaf.2024.104245","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.firesaf.2024.104245","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Densified wood (DW) is a novel structural material with promissing application potential in construction industry due to its excellent mechanical performance. However, it could also be a disastrous fuel contributing to the development of fires. This work experimentally and numerically investigated the combustion behavior of DW. The differences among wood species (fir, pine and oak) and their char oxidation impacts are emphasized. The experimental results indicate that DW has a 44.7 K lower pyrolysis peak temperature on average, a 32.2 % lower peak mass loss rate, and a 8 % higher residual mass ratio than natural wood (NW) in <em>N</em><sub><em>2</em></sub> due to the delignification process. The hemicellulose and cellulose pyrolysis are endothermic in <em>N</em><sub><em>2</em></sub> but exothermic in air. Wood pyrolysis has an additional char oxidation reaction in air. The higher density of DW leads to longer times for ignition and flaming combustion. DW presents a higher heat release rate and average 4.7 MJ kg<sup>−1</sup> higher effective heat of combustion of char. Two parallel pyrolysis reaction schemes based on ambiance are proposed, which well-predict the microscale characterizations but fail to represent the combustion behavior. An optimized mode was developed by adding a continuous char oxidation reaction to the <em>N</em><sub><em>2</em></sub> reaction scheme, which best predicts the combustion behaviors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50445,"journal":{"name":"Fire Safety Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142048446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experimental study on the flame trajectory evolution of horizontal jet fires under reduced pressures 减压条件下水平喷射火焰轨迹演变的实验研究

IF 3.4 3区工程技术

Fire Safety Journal Pub Date : 2024-08-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.firesaf.2024.104238

Jiang Lv , Xiepeng Sun , Yujie Lin , Dongmei Li , Lin Zhao , Qiang Wang , Yuxuan Ma , Xinsheng Jiang , Longhua Hu

{"title":"Experimental study on the flame trajectory evolution of horizontal jet fires under reduced pressures","authors":"Jiang Lv , Xiepeng Sun , Yujie Lin , Dongmei Li , Lin Zhao , Qiang Wang , Yuxuan Ma , Xinsheng Jiang , Longhua Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.firesaf.2024.104238","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.firesaf.2024.104238","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Jet fire including process pipeline/tank leakage, oil exploitation industry of tail gas treatment flare or other industrial combustors as a common phenomenon can be found at high altitude areas. This work characterizes the flame trajectory evolution of horizontal jet fires under reduced pressures, which is rarely studied. The experimental results show that the horizontal flame projection distance increases monotonously, but the vertical flame length first increases and afterward decreases with the increase of heat release rate and the decrease of ambient pressure. Meanwhile, flame trajectory length increases significantly and then slowly with increasing heat release rate, but first increases to a maximum value and afterward declines with decreasing ambient pressure. Meanwhile, the turning point of vertical flame length appears earlier than that of flame trajectory length with increasing heat release rate (or jet velocity at source) and decreasing ambient pressure. Then, a mathematical model based on the flame arc hypothesis and a dimensionless model were proposed to describe the flame trajectory length, the momentum-buoyancy length scale <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>L</mi><mi>m</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><msup><mrow><mo>(</mo><mrow><msub><mi>M</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><mo>/</mo><msup><mi>g</mi><mo>′</mo></msup></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>/</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> was used to normalize the flame trajectory length. The measured flame trajectory length in terms of the nozzle diameter, heat release rate, and ambient pressure was satisfactorily correlated by the proposed models.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50445,"journal":{"name":"Fire Safety Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142096275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigation and CFD simulation of coal dust explosion accident in confined space: A case study of Gaohe Coal Mine Ventilation Air Methane oxidation power plant 密闭空间煤尘爆炸事故调查与 CFD 仿真：高河煤矿通风空气甲烷氧化发电厂案例研究

IF 3.4 3区工程技术

Fire Safety Journal Pub Date : 2024-08-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.firesaf.2024.104237

Xingyu Lyu , Yonggang Qiao , Danping Yuan , Zeyu Zhang , Wenzhe Zuo , Jie Hua , Yuqiang Wang , Lijun Zhang

{"title":"Investigation and CFD simulation of coal dust explosion accident in confined space: A case study of Gaohe Coal Mine Ventilation Air Methane oxidation power plant","authors":"Xingyu Lyu , Yonggang Qiao , Danping Yuan , Zeyu Zhang , Wenzhe Zuo , Jie Hua , Yuqiang Wang , Lijun Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.firesaf.2024.104237","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.firesaf.2024.104237","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The study investigates a coal dust explosion accident within a confined space in Shanxi. The accident was caused by coal dust coming into contact with a high-temperature heat source under the influence of the stack effect. Based on the investigation of the coal dust explosion accident, the study uses computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation to reconstruct the accident scenario. The simulation results provide a detailed depiction of coal dust movement within subsurface semi-enclosed confined spaces during the ventilation diffusion stage, influenced by the stack effect, and confirm the formation of a coal dust layer at the heat source due to coal dust deposition. The simulation results of the two explosion processes indicate that excessively high coal dust concentrations within confined spaces have a negative correlation with the development of explosion flames and the peak overpressure. It resulted in a secondary explosion with a relatively low concentration of coal dust, where the peak overpressure was five times that of the primary explosion. Comparative analysis between simulation results and actual investigations the accuracy of the CFD simulation in capturing the accident process and its characteristics, providing valuable insights for preventing and controlling coal dust explosion accidents.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50445,"journal":{"name":"Fire Safety Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141984756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Measurement dynamics and data treatment in fire testing 火灾测试中的测量动态和数据处理

IF 3.4 3区工程技术

Fire Safety Journal Pub Date : 2024-08-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.firesaf.2024.104236

Bart J.G. Sette, Anneke M.R. Vandevelde

{"title":"Measurement dynamics and data treatment in fire testing","authors":"Bart J.G. Sette, Anneke M.R. Vandevelde","doi":"10.1016/j.firesaf.2024.104236","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.firesaf.2024.104236","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fire testing is and will remain of paramount importance in helping industry, regulators and all other fire safety stakeholders to achieve a safer world. For this to happen, test data must be stable and reliable, regardless of the test facility that produced the data, its various operators, the measurement equipment used, and so on. The instruments and sensors used to measure heat release, smoke production and mass loss rate are susceptible to mechanical and/or electrical disturbances and all have their own dynamic behaviour. This leads to a variation in the test results. A scatter that is only due to the measurement.</p><p>This paper examines the time and frequency domain behaviour of various measurement components and hardware & software filters in use today. It proposes an instrument-independent method of eliminating noise and other interference, describes a method of adjusting the response time of the various input signals to a common value applicable to all test institutes, and proposes a method of accurately synchronising these signals in time.</p><p>The result is unambiguous qualitative measurement data that can be confidently compared with data from other sample sets or between different laboratories and researchers. It improves the stability and reproducibility of test results leading to a more stable classification of materials.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50445,"journal":{"name":"Fire Safety Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141990516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experimental study on the effect of preinhibition pressure on the inhibition of coal spontaneous combustion 预抑制压力对煤炭自燃抑制作用的实验研究

IF 3.4 3区工程技术

Fire Safety Journal Pub Date : 2024-08-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.firesaf.2024.104235

Baolong Guo , Yuntao Liang , Wei Wang , Guansheng Qi , Yong Sun , Zhenzhen Zhao , Xinfeng Cui

{"title":"Experimental study on the effect of preinhibition pressure on the inhibition of coal spontaneous combustion","authors":"Baolong Guo , Yuntao Liang , Wei Wang , Guansheng Qi , Yong Sun , Zhenzhen Zhao , Xinfeng Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.firesaf.2024.104235","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.firesaf.2024.104235","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A pressurized inhibition method is proposed based on the pre-inhibition process to study the inhibition law and mechanism of the pre-inhibition pressure on the coal spontaneous combustion, with a purpose of enhancing the inhibiting effect of chloride salt inhibitors. In this work, inhibited coal samples were prepared by immersing raw coal in high-temperature and high-pressure reactor at 1 MPa, 2 MPa, 3 MPa, 4 MPa, and 5 MPa, respectively, using MgCl<sub>2</sub> solution with a mass concentration of 20 %. The variation rules of the characteristic parameters, such as the indicator gas concentration, inhibition rate, surface microscopic morphology, and reactive groups, of various coal samples with the elevation of the pre-inhibition pressure were investigated using the programmed temperature-raising oxidation system, infrared spectroscopy, and SEM. It was found that the pre-inhibition pressure was in the range of 1–4 MPa, and with the increase of pre-inhibition pressure, the gas-producing concentration and the content of active groups of coal decreased, and the inhibition rate increased significantly. Increasing the pre-inhibition pressure can significantly improve the inhibition effect, and the optimum pre-inhibition pressure is 4 MPa. Continuing to increase the pre-inhibition pressure will destroy the pore structure of the coal and reduce the inhibition effect.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50445,"journal":{"name":"Fire Safety Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141935483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0