{"title":"Event-Triggered Fuzzy Predictive Control of Nonlinear Cyber-Physical System Under Stochastic Communication Protocol Scheduling","authors":"Jun Wang, Chenghong Liao, Hongguang Pan","doi":"10.1049/cth2.70025","DOIUrl":"10.1049/cth2.70025","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The objective of this paper is to investigate an event-triggered output feedback model predictive control (MPC) approach for the nonlinear cyber-physical system (CPS) with a stochastic communication protocol (SCP) scheduling, which is approximated by an interval type-2 Takagi–Sugeno (IT2 T-S) fuzzy model. For the objective of enhancing network communication efficiency and relieving data collision caused by limited communication resource, an SCP protocol ruled by a Markov stochastic process is favourably utilized to govern the data scheduling of network. Based on an event-triggered output feedback control law, a mode-dependent IT2 fuzzy controller is formally designed, in which the feedback gain is optimized by solving an online constrained MPC optimization problem. By the utilization of defining the mean-square quadratic boundedness (MSQB) for confining the augmented system state into a robust invariant set, both the feasibility of controller and closed-loop stochastic stability are ensured and proved with the satisfaction of physical constraint in the mean-square sense. Finally, we validate the effectiveness of the proposed method by a numerical simulation example.</p>","PeriodicalId":50382,"journal":{"name":"IET Control Theory and Applications","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/cth2.70025","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143852767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fixed-Time Synergetic Control of Multi-Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Traction System With Dynamic Adhesion","authors":"Deqing Huang, Qiyuan Zhao, Ruiqi Li, Yupei Jian","doi":"10.1049/cth2.70030","DOIUrl":"10.1049/cth2.70030","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The difference in wheel speeds within a train carriage arises from variations in traction motor performance and rail adhesion conditions. This can potentially lead to uneven wheel wear and, subsequently, to imbalanced traction and unstable train operation. To tackle this issue, this paper proposes a control method based on fixed-time synergetic control theory to synchronize the linear speeds of wheels in a multi-interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) traction system. The method considers load differences caused by wear differences between the front and rear wheels, as well as the dynamic adhesion conditions of the rail. First, the model of the permanent magnet synchronous traction system (PMSTS) is established by combining the single-axle train model with the dynamic model of the IPMSM. Then, synergetic control theory is extended with fixed-time theory to ensure the convergence performance of the PMSTS under any adhesion condition. Furthermore, a new synergetic load torque observer is designed to estimate the motor-side load torque, with the observed information used to track maximum adhesion coefficient. Finally, the proposed method is validated for its effectiveness and advantages through a hardware-in-the-loop platform.</p>","PeriodicalId":50382,"journal":{"name":"IET Control Theory and Applications","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/cth2.70030","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143852768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multivariable Control of Wastewater Treatment Process Based on Multi-Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning","authors":"Shengli Du, Rui Sun, Peixi Chen","doi":"10.1049/cth2.70021","DOIUrl":"10.1049/cth2.70021","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper investigates the multivariable control of wastewater treatment processes (WWTP). This paper integrates deep reinforcement learning (DRL) with PID control and proposes a multivariable adaptive PID control strategy based on multi-agent DRL (MADRL) for WWTP. The approach begins with the construction of a MADRL-PID controller structure, consisting of an agent and a PID controller module. The agent adjusts the PID controller values while the PID module calculates the control signal. To enhance the agent's ability to cooperatively tune multiple PID controllers, the algorithm's components–reward function, action space, environment, and state space–are designed according to the BSM1 simulation platform principles and the MADRL framework requirements. Additionally, to handle WWTP's non-linearities, uncertainties, and parameter coupling, the multi-agent deep deterministic policy gradient algorithm is selected as the foundation for training the agents. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm exhibits greater adaptability than traditional PID control and achieves superior control performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":50382,"journal":{"name":"IET Control Theory and Applications","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/cth2.70021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143852838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Data-Based \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 H\u0000 ∞\u0000 \u0000 ${H_infty }$\u0000 Optimal Tracking Control of Completely Unknown Linear Systems Under Input Constraints","authors":"Peyman Ahmadi, Aref Shahmansoorian, Mehdi Rahmani","doi":"10.1049/cth2.70022","DOIUrl":"10.1049/cth2.70022","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper presents an <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>H</mi>\u0000 <mi>∞</mi>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 <annotation>${H_infty }$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> optimal tracking control approach for linear systems with unknown models and input constraints. The proposed method is based on data-based adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) that is computationally tractable and does not require model approximation. This study consists of two new algorithms: a model-based constrained control algorithm and a data-based algorithm for systems with completely unknown models. A lower bound for the <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>H</mi>\u0000 <mi>∞</mi>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 <annotation>${H_infty }$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> attenuation coefficient is determined to ensure optimality. Additionally, the approach allows for constraints on the amplitude and frequency of the control signal, which are incorporated using the idea of inverse optimal control (IOC). The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through a simulation example, showcasing its ability to achieve robust tracking performance and satisfy input constraints.</p>","PeriodicalId":50382,"journal":{"name":"IET Control Theory and Applications","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/cth2.70022","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143852837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}