{"title":"Hybrid spatial and channel attention in post-accident object detection","authors":"Junyoung Kim, Soomok Lee","doi":"10.1049/itr2.12594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/itr2.12594","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Analysing post-accident scenes using in-vehicle cameras is crucial for effective highway traffic control and enhancing accident response, road safety, and traffic flow. This contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the situation and achieves better decision-making and effective management. The accident scene report system is designed to focus on specific post-accident objects, such as crashed vehicles, involved individuals, emergency vehicles, and debris. This means that the post-accident object detection algorithm needs to handle a wide variety of objects, from large collapsed vehicles to tiny particles. It should operate in real-time on embedded boards, balancing detection accuracy and compactness to fit within the constraints of embedded computing modules. This approach aims to facilitate prompt reporting to traffic control centres. In this study, a hybrid spatial and channel attention and its pruning algorithm tailored for object detection in post-accident scenarios are proposed. This approach markedly enhances the detection performance in the unexpected accidents and malfunctioning scenes, significantly boosting the system's accuracy and processing speed. The method optimally balances the model compactness with seamless attention and pruning, making it highly suitable for real-time applications in traffic monitoring systems. The proposed seamless attention and pruning method is demonstrated using the proposed accident object detection dataset.</p>","PeriodicalId":50381,"journal":{"name":"IET Intelligent Transport Systems","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/itr2.12594","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143110351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ahmed Bentaleb, Ahmed El Hajjaji, Asma Karama, Abdelhamid Rabhi, Abdellah Benzaouia
{"title":"A two-layer control strategy for fuel-efficient connected vehicles","authors":"Ahmed Bentaleb, Ahmed El Hajjaji, Asma Karama, Abdelhamid Rabhi, Abdellah Benzaouia","doi":"10.1049/itr2.12609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/itr2.12609","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper proposes a two-layer control strategy to enhance connected vehicles fuel efficiency. Compared with previous works, this study proposes an approach to optimize both the vehicle speed and gearbox position to achieve better fuel efficiency. The control task is given in two stages: the upper layer and the lower layer. Before trip departure, the upper layer concurrently optimizes the vehicle speed and gearbox position based on road map information, and engine and vehicle parameters for an entire route. Then, while driving, the lower layer is used to follow the pre-computed optimal profiles. Model predictive control follows the optimal speed while ensuring an adaptive safe distance constraint with a preceding vehicle. For gear shifting, an online shift control assuring the tracking of the optimal gear position is developed based on look-ahead road data and vehicle actions. The effectiveness of the proposed control strategy was evaluated with comprehensive simulations and comparison tests using Matlab and CarSim software. The mean online optimization calculation time is 0.065 s, indicating its real-time capability. The proposed method can be used as a driving assist system or implemented as a speed and gear controller for self-driving vehicles.</p>","PeriodicalId":50381,"journal":{"name":"IET Intelligent Transport Systems","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/itr2.12609","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143120775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lane-changing control strategy for distributed drive vehicles considering yaw stability","authors":"Jianjun Hu, Hongkai Liu, Sijing Yi, Chao Huang","doi":"10.1049/itr2.12605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/itr2.12605","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Intelligent vehicles are prone to dangerous issues such as sideslip and instability when changing lanes to avoid obstacles under some extreme conditions. Therefore, to improve safety and stability during the obstacle-avoidance process, this paper proposes a lane-change control method that considers yaw stability based on distributed drive electric vehicles. Fuzzy adaptive model predictive control and proportional integral derivative (PID) control are, respectively, established to compute the optimal front wheel steering angle and vehicle longitudinal torque under lateral and longitudinal decoupling. Additionally, a direct yaw moment controller is constructed based on model predictive control to calculate the additional yaw moment, which is then distributed according to the tire adhesion utilisation rate to optimise yaw stability in lane-changing obstacle-avoidance scenarios. Finally, the proposed control framework is verified in typical obstacle-avoidance scenarios. The results show that, compared to the control method that do not consider yaw stability, the average yaw rate deviation is reduced by 54.0% on high-adhesion road surfaces and by 61.2% on low-adhesion road surfaces, achieving further optimsation in the safety and stability of the obstacle-avoidance process.</p>","PeriodicalId":50381,"journal":{"name":"IET Intelligent Transport Systems","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/itr2.12605","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143120777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jianyao Zhou, Fei Yang, Yudong Guo, Lilei Wang, Zhenxing Yao
{"title":"An activity scheduling and multi-agent micro-simulation platform (ASMMSP) based on long-term cellular data and considering multi-mode transfer","authors":"Jianyao Zhou, Fei Yang, Yudong Guo, Lilei Wang, Zhenxing Yao","doi":"10.1049/itr2.12597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/itr2.12597","url":null,"abstract":"<p>With the growth of urban residential density, cities have developed into metropolitan, resulting in increasingly complex individual travel behaviours. These developments pose challenges to current simulation models in activity scheduling. This paper proposed an activity scheduling and multi-agent micro-simulation platform (ASMMSP). By incorporating long-term cellular data, the platform can eliminate the reliance on personal attributes in activity scheduling, which improves the simulation flexibility and accuracy. ASMMSP also focuses on transfer behaviours between different travel modes. The platform comprises three systems: agent, public transportation, and road network. At each moment, agents evaluate their current states and activity schedules, then change schedules based on the comparison results, current travel conditions, and historical travels. ASMMSP reconstructs the traffic condition within the research area by integrating the current traffic flow and activity schedules iteratively. Furthermore, ASMMSP allows for observation of real-time traffic conditions. It also enables adjustments to public transportation, road network structure, and traffic volume, which can simulate the traffic impact from emergencies, gatherings, road maintenance, and public transportation adjustments. These functions support traffic models applied in traffic planning, development, and construction. Finally, this paper demonstrates the above capabilities through two case studies in the first ring road of Chengdu.</p>","PeriodicalId":50381,"journal":{"name":"IET Intelligent Transport Systems","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/itr2.12597","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143121080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shuyi Wang, Yuanwen Lai, Xuntao Qiu, Yang Ma, Said M. Easa, Yubing Zheng
{"title":"Implications of as-built highway horizontal curves on vehicle dynamics/kinematics characteristics under adaptive cruise control","authors":"Shuyi Wang, Yuanwen Lai, Xuntao Qiu, Yang Ma, Said M. Easa, Yubing Zheng","doi":"10.1049/itr2.12604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/itr2.12604","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Due to road curvature and sensors’ limited field of view, as-built highway curves would pose an operational challenge to the adaptive cruise control (ACC) system and its shared control. However, very few studies explored the adaptability of ACC system-dedicated vehicles (V-ACC) considering the vehicle-road geometry interaction. Therefore, the objectives of this study are twofold: (i) investigating the implications of horizontal curves on V-ACC dynamics and kinematics characteristics; and (ii) evaluating V-ACC's adaptability from the safety, comfort, and speed consistency (S-C-S) aspects. To this end, a PreScan/CarSim/MATLAB/Simulink co-simulation platform is established and it is validated by OpenACC database followed by designing many tests featuring circular curve radius (<i>R</i><sub>C</sub>), desired speed (<i>V</i><sub>de</sub>), and clearance. The impact mechanism of geometric features was analysed by interpreting dynamics and kinematics characteristics along curves and critical features were further extracted by reference to S-C-S thresholds. The results show that: (i) either smaller <i>R</i><sub>C</sub> or higher <i>V</i><sub>de</sub> causes those characteristics toward their S-C-S margins; (ii) neither sideslip nor rollover occurs, and speed consistency is good in most <i>R</i><sub>C</sub> conditions; and (iii) drivers can follow the leading car comfortably with <i>V</i><sub>de</sub> = 40, 80–100 km/h but feel uncomfortable when <i>V</i><sub>de</sub> = 50–70 km/h and <i>R</i><sub>C</sub> approaches its lower bounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":50381,"journal":{"name":"IET Intelligent Transport Systems","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/itr2.12604","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143118408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sijing Guo, Shengwen Zheng, Ji Li, Quan Zhou, Hongming Xu
{"title":"A lightweight social cognitive risk potential field model for path planning with dedicated dynamic and static traffic factors","authors":"Sijing Guo, Shengwen Zheng, Ji Li, Quan Zhou, Hongming Xu","doi":"10.1049/itr2.12595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/itr2.12595","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Driving risk assessment is crucial for autonomous vehicles to guarantee driving safety and traffic efficiency. Risk field models with insufficient consideration of traffic factors are not reliable enough to provide effective support for automated driving tasks, and those highly complex models with numerous uncertain coefficients also limit the execution of automated driving tasks. Inspired by Coulomb's law, this paper proposes a new lightweight social cognitive driving risk potential field model by leveraging interaction forces between charges to explore the effects of dynamic and static traffic factors on driving risks. Through complexity analysis, the number of coefficients in the proposed model was reduced by 36%–50% compared to other models. With parametric analysis and sensitivity analysis, the model's reliability was demonstrated. A path planner was designed by integrating the proposed driving risk field model into a model predictive controller for validating the efficacy of the proposed risk potential field model. The planned path with the proposed risk field model was also compared with existing risk potential field models. Results indicate that the proposed model can effectively account for both dynamic and static traffic factors, thereby supporting the path planner to generate highly adaptable paths for complex traffic scenarios.</p>","PeriodicalId":50381,"journal":{"name":"IET Intelligent Transport Systems","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/itr2.12595","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143117988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lianbo Deng, Ying Zhang, Enwei Jing, Yongjun Li, Hengxin Li
{"title":"Train operation simulation and capacity analysis for a high-speed maglev station","authors":"Lianbo Deng, Ying Zhang, Enwei Jing, Yongjun Li, Hengxin Li","doi":"10.1049/itr2.12607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/itr2.12607","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Focusing on the transportation organization characteristics of the high-speed maglev station, this article simulates the train operation process based on the train running calculation and the train operation scheme for multi-type trains, and analyzes the station capacity based on the simulation for multi-type trains and typical-layout stations. This study is carried out from the following three perspectives: (i) calculating train running in the train operation process, (ii) calculating the carrying capacity for single-type trains, and (iii) simulating the train operation scheme at the station. By analyzing the running process and working conditions of a high-speed maglev train during various operations, a kinematic model for the train running and a simulation method for the technical operation process based on the operation calculation are established. The simulation results for train running calculation are then used to determine the time required and the capacity for the station handing single-type trains, which is the basis of analyzing multi-type trains operations. In the simulation for operations of multi-type trains, three simulation strategies are designed: track selection strategy, route segment lock/unlock strategy, and operation method choosing strategy. The operational process of a high-speed maglev station under multi-train and multi-technology conditions is simulated based on the above strategies, and the capacity utilization of the station is calculated. The capacity utilization characteristics of typical-layout stations and the recommended layouts for stations under different scenarios are given for capacity analysis and optimization.</p>","PeriodicalId":50381,"journal":{"name":"IET Intelligent Transport Systems","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/itr2.12607","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143116228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Identifying abnormal driving states of drunk drivers using UAV","authors":"Guiliang Zhou, Kaiwen Xu, Jian Chen, Lina Mao","doi":"10.1049/itr2.12608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/itr2.12608","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The rising number of car owners has increased the frequency of drunk driving-related traffic accidents, which is a significant danger to traffic safety. Many drawbacks of traditional drunk driving detection techniques include missed detection, interference with regular drivers, inadequate real-time monitoring, and excessive labour costs. In this work, the intent is to increase the accuracy, real-time performance, and coverage of drunk driving detection by proposing a method for differentiating abnormal driving conditions while intoxicated by utilizing unmanned aerial vehicle technology. The approach uses an unmanned aerial vehicle to identify the driver's facial expression to determine whether there is an evidence of drunk driving behaviour is drunk driving behaviour. It then uses these models to score vehicle trajectory anomalies, including vehicle sway, vehicle sudden speed change, and signalized intersection waiting time. According to the trial data, the system can successfully identify drunk drivers, and its accuracy has increased by 10.8% compared to the high accuracy and real-time performance of traditional drunk driving detection methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":50381,"journal":{"name":"IET Intelligent Transport Systems","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/itr2.12608","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143116226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A study on identifying representative trips for mobility service design","authors":"Jeongyun Kim, Sehyun Tak, Jinwon Yoon, Hwasoo Yeo","doi":"10.1049/itr2.12603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/itr2.12603","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Recently, with growing interest in urban mobility patterns, the demand for collecting and analysing origin-destination (OD) data is increasing. Due to the large scale and dimensionality of OD data, there are two issues in analysing the data: big-data storage and major pattern extraction. To deal with two issues at the same time, this study suggests a principal control analysis-based major demand identification method to improve the usability of microscopic OD data. Especially, this study focuses on finding principal components that preserve major patterns from OD data with small random noise so that the data can be effectively used for mobility service design. The proposed method is applied to smart card data of Seoul and Sejong and extracted major demand patterns from peak- and non-peak hour data of these cities. The degree of daily regularity, reconstruction accuracy, and compression rate of the reconstructed data is analysed varying sets of principal components. The obtained results show that the major demands contain a low volume and a large volume of demand and with lower-order principal components, major demands can be efficiently extracted by removing randomly appearing small-volume demand. In addition, the trade-off behaviour is observed between the degree of daily regularity and reconstruction accuracy depending on the compression rate. Based on the observations, it can be found that the loss of major demand patterns could be prevented when targeting a reconstruction accuracy of 90–95% and the proposed method can reduce the data size while preserving major mobility patterns.</p>","PeriodicalId":50381,"journal":{"name":"IET Intelligent Transport Systems","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/itr2.12603","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143115623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Integrated scheduling of gantry cranes, container trucks and yard cranes in on-dock railway operation areas at multimodal container ports","authors":"Tian Xia, Li Wang, Qin Zhang, Jing-Xin Dong, Dong-Ping Song, Xiaoning Zhu","doi":"10.1049/itr2.12600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/itr2.12600","url":null,"abstract":"<p>On-dock railway operation areas at sea-rail container ports play a crucial role in transferring containers between maritime and rail transportation systems. The operational efficiency of these areas depends on synchronizing rail and yard container handling equipment, including gantry cranes, container trucks, and yard cranes. However, time-sensitive container handling, seamless equipment coordination, and complex operational conflicts make multi-equipment scheduling a challenging decision-making problem. This study introduces an integrated scheduling method that both alleviates inter-equipment interferences and balances gantry cranes’ workloads. The underlying problem is formulated as a binary integer programming model using a novel space-time-state network. According to the specific model structure, a model reformulation method is proposed here to convert the original three-equipment scheduling model into a single-equipment scheduling version. Additionally, a Lagrangian relaxation-based heuristic is developed to efficiently solve the reformulated model. Numerical experiments are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed solution approach under various instance settings and provide managerial insights into the problem. Computational results demonstrate that the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed solution approach. Furthermore, the results also indicate that enhanced operational efficiency in the operation area can only be achieved when the railway and storage side handling capacities are well-matched.</p>","PeriodicalId":50381,"journal":{"name":"IET Intelligent Transport Systems","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/itr2.12600","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143114563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}