Iet Radar Sonar and Navigation最新文献

{"title":"Defeating angle tracking: A comprehensive analysis of scan rate modulation jamming against sequential lobing radars","authors":"Mustafa Kucuk,&nbsp;Mustafa Atahan Nuhoglu,&nbsp;Lutfiye Durak-Ata,&nbsp;Hakan Ali Cirpan","doi":"10.1049/rsn2.12617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/rsn2.12617","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The authors analyse the sequential lobing radar (SLR) resistance against the scan rate modulation (SRM) jamming technique. Unlike previous studies, the authors analyse SLRs with sinc antenna patterns, enabling investigation of the sidelobe region's vulnerability. By incorporating second-order angular tracking loops (SOATLs), the first analysis of break-lock probability for SLRs under SRM jamming is introduced. The analysis reveals the influence of SOATL parameters (damping ratio and natural frequency) on both angular root-mean-square-error at low jamming-to-signal-ratio (JSR) region and break-lock probability at high JSR region. Additionally, the impact of squint angle on SLR resistance to SRM jamming is examined. Furthermore, the optimal duty cycle as a function of JSR, which maximises break-lock probability is presented. Significantly, the theoretical results support the 20 dB JSR requirement for SRM effectiveness, often cited experimentally in literature, and extend the theoretical analysis of the SRM technique carried out for the main lobe region of SLRs. This finding bridges the gap between theoretical analysis and practical observations.</p>","PeriodicalId":50377,"journal":{"name":"Iet Radar Sonar and Navigation","volume":"18 11","pages":"2122-2133"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/rsn2.12617","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142762743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consideration of electronic warfare in the assessment and development of the operational capabilities of the armed forces","authors":"Andrzej Najgebauer","doi":"10.1049/rsn2.12629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/rsn2.12629","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The analysis of the Armed Forces (AF) operational capabilities requires the construction of a formal model. Elements of this model will be presented here. Including selected aspects of Electronic Warfare (EW) in an operational capability assessment model is an important and difficult task. The essence of the impact of radio-electronic, like other forms of cyber warfare, on reconnaissance, command and communications systems is to hinder or prevent kinetic operations. The model should identify and prioritise the required capabilities by defining the key objectives: identification of the future security environment and within it the operational environment, identification of planning scenarios and requirements for future forces, including forces to execute EW, identification of specific tasks in relation to AF missions and tasks, Identification of the list of AF required capabilities in the AF capability catalogue. The idea of identifying required capabilities and identifying gaps is presented in this chapter. The key questions/problems posed in the analysis process are: Do the identified capabilities fit with the mission and operational concepts and threats? What are the indicators for achieving the desired operational capabilities? What might be the cost of providing the AF with the required capabilities? What is the key approach to address these issues? An operational capability approach to planning is used, including the identification of the AF' reference modules, including EW units. Dimensioning of operational capabilities using formal and simulation methods is an important problem. An optimisation model is presented for determining the structure of the AF, based on reference modules with desired capabilities, enabling the realisation of identified operational concepts, taking into account the following criteria: operational and cost. The analysis proposes custom simulation models, based on mathematical models of the AF. The simulation is based on a step-by-step analysis with an introduced scenario and possible enemy structure and defined mission. A way of modifying the assessment of the parties' potentials as a result of the EW impact is presented. This has implications for the allocation of reference units in the formation of own forces in response to the enemy's potential formation and action.</p>","PeriodicalId":50377,"journal":{"name":"Iet Radar Sonar and Navigation","volume":"18 11","pages":"2199-2211"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/rsn2.12629","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142762803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radar detectability of light aircraft micro-Doppler modulation","authors":"Robert John Berndt,&nbsp;Mohammed Yunus Abdul Gaffar,&nbsp;Willem Andries Jacobus Nel,&nbsp;Daniel W. O’Hagan","doi":"10.1049/rsn2.12612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/rsn2.12612","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The critical role of specifying micro-Doppler mode performance in the modelling and development of modern radar systems is investigated. The authors focus on the detection of micro-Doppler modulation from light aircraft, analysing data from eight helicopters and nine propeller aircraft. With the growing need for accurate target classification in radar technology, incorporating micro-Doppler detection metrics into radar performance specifications has become increasingly important. This research offers a novel approach to measuring the detectability of micro-Doppler modulation relative to returns from the main fuselage. The investigation covers the impacts of various preprocessing techniques, polarisation, and aspect angle on detection capabilities. Findings reveal that, on average, micro-Doppler modulation from propellers is detectable at distances between 50% and 100% of the range at which the fuselage is detected. For helicopters, this range decreases to between 30% and 80%. Additionally, the study introduces empirically derived statistical models designed to predict micro-Doppler detection ranges in relation to fuselage returns, enhancing the predictability and specificity of radar system performance. This novel contribution presents a basis for improving radar system specifications, leading ultimately to more predictable and reliable light aircraft classification.</p>","PeriodicalId":50377,"journal":{"name":"Iet Radar Sonar and Navigation","volume":"18 10","pages":"1750-1766"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/rsn2.12612","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142588107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigations into optimum non-periodic bursts scheme in radar pulse train designed for fixed-wing drone detections by multi-function radar","authors":"Stanislaw Gmyrek,&nbsp;Dawid Sysak,&nbsp;Pawel Biernacki,&nbsp;Grzegorz Jaromi","doi":"10.1049/rsn2.12624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/rsn2.12624","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Drone surveillance with multi-function radar (MFR) can benefit a lot from the careful radar pulse train organisation into dedicated sub-RPTs serving particular needs of tasks. In contemporary scenarios of MFR applications, where navigation, search and rescue, and natural environment safeguarding are to be shared, of particular importance is a case where airborne small drone detection radar performs other tasks concurrently. Resource sharing within the radar unit is based on variables and unpredictable circumstances, leading to strains in resources in MFR. Consequently, such constraints limit MFR functioning with optimal drone sensitivity for its own sake. To ensure a high quality of radar services performed quickly, with a low DC power consumption, the task sharing approach by the common MFR platform, non-periodic bursts emission of radar pulse energy has gained our major attention. At the same time, it was assumed that bursts feature periodic time intervals between radar pulses, which is a favourable circumstance in the control and implementation of signal processing. Each sub-RPTs is designed to cope with particular detection tasks. One to four linear polarisations (VV, VH, HV, HH) are activated. The focus of the investigation was on the radar emitting a few thousand pulses per second, but only a few 10 pulses per second were expected to be required to detect small airborne drones. The core of the research study was the optimisation process of the scheme operating with 4 to 16 pulse bursts optimised for drone detection with a modest use of resources at MFR. While performing several activities, the X-band MFR platform called ENAVI was developed in-house. The proposed non-periodic burst scheme optimisation approach was validated with in-field tests with the ENAVI radar model. The in-air target was a 3-metre fixed-wing drone having low RCS and flying at different altitudes with a speed close to 200 km/h. The radar antenna was a 26 dBi low-profile dual-polarisation array making it feasible to detect drones remaining a few degrees off the antenna breadboard direction. A very high likelihood of detection of drones from a few kilometres distance was demonstrated within one second. The authors present the effectiveness of the cell-averaging technique which proved to correctly detect drones within a 7-km range, and how MFR radar echoes can be used for basic weather surveillance. One vertical VV polarisation was used for drone detection and two VV and VH polarisations for weather observation. Weather radar capabilities were examined against heavy rain clouds imposing a hazard to the safety of drone flights.</p>","PeriodicalId":50377,"journal":{"name":"Iet Radar Sonar and Navigation","volume":"18 10","pages":"1874-1886"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/rsn2.12624","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142587952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Orthogonal double V-linear frequency modulation waveform for simultaneous polarimetric measurement and its non-linear processing","authors":"Biao Shen,&nbsp;Runzhe Zhang,&nbsp;Ziyuan Yang,&nbsp;Tao Liu","doi":"10.1049/rsn2.12627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/rsn2.12627","url":null,"abstract":"<p>It has become an interesting topic for modern radar possessing capabilities of polarimetric measurement, high-resolution imaging, and good delay-Doppler resolution. The linear frequency modulation (LFM) scheme is widely used in radar systems as it can achieve both high Doppler tolerance and resolution. Based on the LFM scheme, a novel waveform is proposed, namely, the orthogonal double V-linear frequency modulation (ODV-LFM), which exhibits the capability to mitigate the influence of delay-Doppler coupling and reduces the risk of false targets and ghosts in multiple-target scenes. Based on the ODV-LFM signal, a simultaneous polarimetric measurement method is proposed to obtain fully polarimetric information of the target. According to the unique chirp rate characteristic of the ODV-LFM signal, the pointwise linear and non-linear processing methods are proposed to enhance delay-Doppler resolution, suppress sidelobes, and achieve high-resolution imaging without substantially compromising the signal detection performance. Finally, simulated experiments are conducted to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed waveform and methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":50377,"journal":{"name":"Iet Radar Sonar and Navigation","volume":"18 10","pages":"1919-1936"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/rsn2.12627","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142587949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data-driven observability analysis and enhancement for radome slope estimation with constraints on impact angle and terminal acceleration","authors":"Bingyu Jin,&nbsp;Kelin Lu,&nbsp;Yuping Lu","doi":"10.1049/rsn2.12625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/rsn2.12625","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The authors address the problem of observability analysis and enhancement for missiles equipped with strapdown seekers, especially considering the line-of-sight angle-only measurements and the constraints on impact angle and terminal acceleration. First, based on the generalised polynomial chaos expansion, a novel data-driven observability analysis method is proposed to quantitatively analyse the observability of the radome aberration estimation system in real time, including the observability condition, the observability degree of each state and the effect of stochastic noises. The results show that under conventional proportional navigation guidance, the radome aberration estimation system is weakly observable with line-of-sight angle-only measurements. To address this problem, a novel manoeuvre algorithm, the observability-enhanced guidance law, is introduced to enhance the system observability within specified constraints, thereby improving the estimation performance. This guidance law incorporates a bias term to meet terminal constraints, and optimises the navigation gain using the proposed observability indices. Simulations are conducted to verify the performance of the proposed guidance law in conjunction with a target state estimator.</p>","PeriodicalId":50377,"journal":{"name":"Iet Radar Sonar and Navigation","volume":"18 10","pages":"1887-1907"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/rsn2.12625","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142588203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An efficient gradient descent approach to separate a mixture of secondary surveillance radar replies based on disjoint component analysis","authors":"Sara Zaghloul,&nbsp;Nicolas Petrochilos,&nbsp;Mamadou Mboup","doi":"10.1049/rsn2.12626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/rsn2.12626","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The expansion of air traffic has led to an increase in mixed secondary surveillance radar (SSR) signal replies, which occur when multiple replies arrive at the receiver antenna simultaneously. These overlapping signals render the messages unrecoverable, leading to a loss of information. Additionally, the existing methods do not effectively address the issue of handling different types of signals with varying structures and characteristics. The authors validate the effectiveness of the disjoint component analysis (DCA) criterion for SSR signals and introduce a new DCA-based algorithm designed to optimise the separation process. Through several simulations, the proposed algorithm demonstrates robust performance across various reception parameters. Additionally, it achieves good results when applied to real-world data, showing its practical applicability and efficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":50377,"journal":{"name":"Iet Radar Sonar and Navigation","volume":"18 10","pages":"1908-1918"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/rsn2.12626","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142588191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Golay complementary sequence and constant envelope orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing-based for integrated sensing and communication with mutual information analysis","authors":"Xinyu Chen,&nbsp;Bin Rao,&nbsp;Dan Song,&nbsp;Wei Wang,&nbsp;Xiaohai Zou","doi":"10.1049/rsn2.12622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/rsn2.12622","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The design of waveforms plays a critical role in integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) systems. An ISAC waveform with a 0dB peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) is designed by combining a Golay complementary sequence with a constant envelope orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing. By adjusting the phase modulation parameters, this waveform allows for a trade-offs between communication and sensing capabilities. The authors focus on several key performance metrics for the proposed ISAC waveform, notably using mutual information as a holistic performance indicator to assess both sensing and communication effectiveness. Through extensive numerical simulations, the authors demonstrate that the ISAC waveform significantly enhances detection probability compared to traditional phase-modulated waveforms. The findings suggest that this approach is beneficial for designing low PAPR phase-modulated ISAC waveforms, enhancing both the functionality and efficiency of ISAC systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":50377,"journal":{"name":"Iet Radar Sonar and Navigation","volume":"18 10","pages":"1848-1858"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/rsn2.12622","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142588111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low angle estimation in MIMO radar based on unitary ESPRIT under spatial smoothing","authors":"Cong Qin,&nbsp;Qin Zhang,&nbsp;Guimei Zheng,&nbsp;Yu Zheng,&nbsp;Gangsheng Zhang","doi":"10.1049/rsn2.12619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/rsn2.12619","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Aiming at the problem that the overlapping of multipath signals seriously affects the radar's performance of the elevation angle estimation for low-altitude targets, the authors combine the unitary ESPRIT (UESPRIT) and the multi-input and multi-output (MIMO) radar system and propose an algorithm based on UESPRIT to estimate the direction of arrival for low-altitude targets. Firstly, the virtual matrix after generalised matched filtering of MIMO radar multipath received signals is vectorised. Secondly, for the coherence of direct and reflected wave signals, which cannot be directly processed by the UESPRIT algorithm, the signal preprocessing is performed by spatial smoothing of the sampled data matrices. Finally, the low-altitude target estimation is carried out by using the UESPRIT algorithm. The Cramer–Rao bound (CRB) for arbitrary unbiased estimation of angle estimation is derived. The relationship between the estimation performance of the algorithm and the signal-to-noise ratio, the number of snapshots and the number of elements is analysed by simulation and compared with CRB. The simulation results show that the algorithm can still effectively estimate the elevation angle of low-altitude targets under the mutual weakening of direct and multipath reflection signals, and has better performance for low-altitude targets than generalised MUSIC.</p>","PeriodicalId":50377,"journal":{"name":"Iet Radar Sonar and Navigation","volume":"18 10","pages":"1829-1836"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/rsn2.12619","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142588112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantum illumination radars: Target detection","authors":"Jingxin Wang,&nbsp;Kon Max Wong","doi":"10.1049/rsn2.12592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/rsn2.12592","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The authors consider a quantum radar which operates on the quantum illumination principle. The authors’ attention is focused on its function of target detection in a noisy environment. The role of the optical parametric amplifier (OPA) in detection is first examined by the authors, and a dual-OPA design for more flexible combination of optimised gains is proposed, resulting in a detector substantially improved in its performance from the normally used 1-OPA design. Then, the use of the entanglement information in the covariance matrix (CM) between the returned signal and idler beams for detection is considered, and a technique to extract such information is proposed. By employing some statistical relationships between positive definite matrices, the authors come up with a new target detection method. Numerical experiments confirm the superior detection performance of the CM detectors compared to that of the OPA detectors.</p>","PeriodicalId":50377,"journal":{"name":"Iet Radar Sonar and Navigation","volume":"18 9","pages":"1541-1553"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/rsn2.12592","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142169900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}