Iet Radar Sonar and Navigation最新文献

{"title":"Micro-motion parameters extraction of rotating target based on analytical solution in vortex electromagnetic wave radar","authors":"Hang Yuan,&nbsp;Yi-Jun Chen,&nbsp;Ying Luo,&nbsp;Jia Liang,&nbsp;Ying-Xi Liu,&nbsp;Dan Wang","doi":"10.1049/rsn2.12639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/rsn2.12639","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The linear Doppler effect and angular Doppler effect in vortex electromagnetic wave radar echoes can be used to extract comprehensive micro-motion parameters. However, the analytical solution of micro-motion parameters for rotating targets in vortex EM wave radar has not been obtained. To solve the above problems, the analytical solution of micro-motion parameters is derived, and a micro-motion parameter extraction method is proposed. Firstly, the shape and properties of the angular Doppler curve in various cases are discussed. Subsequently, the properties of three points on the angular Doppler curve are derived. The micro-motion parameters are obtained based on the three points. The simulations demonstrate that the proposed method can greatly reduce the computational complexity and improve the accuracy of micro-motion parameter extraction.</p>","PeriodicalId":50377,"journal":{"name":"Iet Radar Sonar and Navigation","volume":"18 11","pages":"2222-2237"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/rsn2.12639","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142762727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Test and evaluation of radar systems operating in the modern electromagnetic spectrum","authors":"Raffaele Fiengo,&nbsp;Adrian Adams","doi":"10.1049/rsn2.12614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/rsn2.12614","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Modern radar systems are critical infrastructure in defence and civilian applications. In the defence domain, modern radars operate in a highly contested, congested, and constrained electromagnetic environment. In the context of operating in this challenging environment, the challenges across the system life cycle are examined in testing modern radar systems which are characterised by advanced features, such as multi-function capability, advanced digital signal processing, high resolution, wideband, and frequency agile systems that incorporate phase array and active electronically scanned array capabilities. The challenges and key objectives in testing these sophisticated modern radar systems are highlighted, as well as the enabling technologies that can support Test &amp; Evaluation of such systems. An architecture for Hardware-in-the-Loop testing, which leverages modular and flexible commercial-of-the-shelf hardware, is proposed together with an application software that allows the testing of radar with a radar target generator.</p>","PeriodicalId":50377,"journal":{"name":"Iet Radar Sonar and Navigation","volume":"18 11","pages":"2189-2198"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/rsn2.12614","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142762756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Platform echo and cross-eye jamming against active-passive composite monopulse radars","authors":"Dong Li,&nbsp;Yongcai Liu,&nbsp;Liang Zhou,&nbsp;Binbin Su,&nbsp;Jin Meng","doi":"10.1049/rsn2.12636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/rsn2.12636","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Active-passive composite monopulse radar (APCMR) enhances the anti-jamming capability by combing the advantages of active radars and passive radars. Previous studies have discussed the effectiveness of cross-eye jamming against APCMR in a simplified scenario for isolating platform echo. In this paper, platform echo and cross-eye jamming signals are jointly considered to analyse the jamming performance on APCMR. A mathematical model of the cross-eye jamming against APCMR is established in the presence of the platform echo, and the jamming performance on active radar and passive radar is evaluated and compared in terms of cross-eye gain and its probability. In order to ensure the jamming performance on both active and passive radars, a guideline for the setting of jammer parameters is proposed based on numerical simulations. The study can provide theoretical foundation for the design and application of cross-eye jammers.</p>","PeriodicalId":50377,"journal":{"name":"Iet Radar Sonar and Navigation","volume":"18 11","pages":"2134-2143"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/rsn2.12636","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142762182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a reliable adaptive estimation approach for a low-cost attitude and heading reference system","authors":"Elahe Sadat Abdolkarimi,&nbsp;Sadra Rafatnia","doi":"10.1049/rsn2.12633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/rsn2.12633","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A main challenge within inertial navigation systems involves attitude determination, which refers to the process of estimating the angles that define orientations. A new algorithm is presented to estimate a reliable and proper model for a low-cost attitude and heading reference system (AHRS), while also, including long-term global navigation satellite system (GNSS) outages with various dynamical manoeuvres. In the proposed approach, the initial AHRS model is continuously refined at each time step through the incorporation of complementary terms using a new prediction method. These complementary terms are determined using attitude information from the accelerometers output and the GNSS as reference systems. The proposed estimation technique undergoes mathematical analysis to ascertain stochastic stability and is further assessed through real-world aerial experimental tests conducted with hardware-in-the-loop mechanisation. The obtained results demonstrate a significant enhancement in the reliability and accuracy of the AHRS through the proposed estimation algorithm, even under GNSS blockages. The comparative results highlight the higher performance of the suggested data fusion scheme in providing a reliable and accurate model for the AHRS in normal conditions and assisting a powerful neural network-based algorithm to provide reliable heading information even during long-term GNSS outages under dynamical manoeuvres.</p>","PeriodicalId":50377,"journal":{"name":"Iet Radar Sonar and Navigation","volume":"18 10","pages":"1991-2003"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/rsn2.12633","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142588098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Matched cross-spectrum phase processing for source depth estimation in deep water","authors":"Lisheng Zhou,&nbsp;Xiaohong Yang,&nbsp;Guangying Zheng,&nbsp;Fangwei Zhu,&nbsp;Fangyong Wang","doi":"10.1049/rsn2.12635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/rsn2.12635","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Zhou et al. (2022) proposed a method for instantaneous source depth estimation in deep water using matched beam intensity processing (MBIP) that leverages depth-related oscillatory features arising from Lloyd's mirror interference in the frequency domain (Appl. Acoust., 2022, 186, 108493). However, the efficacy of MBIP diminishes with a random source spectrum. To counteract the effect of a random source spectrum, a vertical line array (VLA) positioned near the sea bottom is employed and a cross-spectrum is generated from the conventional beamforming output, which is achieved by dividing the VLA into upper-half and lower-half arrays. The authors find that the cross-spectrum phase interference pattern is determined by the source depth and is unaffected by the source spectrum. Consequently, a matched cross-spectrum phase processing method is proposed, which demonstrates appreciable depth estimation accuracy compared to that of the existing techniques, as evidenced by the results from both simulated and experimental data.</p>","PeriodicalId":50377,"journal":{"name":"Iet Radar Sonar and Navigation","volume":"18 10","pages":"2004-2016"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/rsn2.12635","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142588097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Availability evaluation and optimisation of advanced receiver autonomous integrity monitoring fault detection and exclusion considering temporal correlations","authors":"Jingtian Du,&nbsp;Kun Fang,&nbsp;Zhipeng Wang,&nbsp;Yanbo Zhu","doi":"10.1049/rsn2.12634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/rsn2.12634","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Advanced Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (ARAIM) provides an Aircraft-Based Augmentation System function for aircraft Global Navigation Satellite System equipment. Currently, the consideration of temporal correlations of test statistics is an important update to the ARAIM baseline algorithm. However, due to the tight budgets of integrity and continuity, the updated ARAIM Fault Detection and Exclusion (FDE) is not satisfactory in availability coverage. The baseline algorithm is based on equal allocation of integrity and continuity, which causes ARAIM to be susceptible to faults and satellite outages. An availability optimisation of ARAIM FDE based on dynamic budget allocation is proposed, aiming to make full use of the prior knowledge provided by the Integrity Support Message (ISM). The contribution of each solution separation test in the ARAIM FDE to the total continuity and integrity risks is estimated, and the continuity and integrity allocation constraints are obtained. The impacts of faults and satellite outages on availability are analysed, and a predictive Protection Level (PL) for ARAIM FDE is proposed for use as an objective function for optimising risk allocation. Then, a risk allocation method based on the multiplier penalty function method is proposed. The performances of the baseline algorithm and the proposed method under the maximum Number of Effective Samples are simulated. For dual-constellation H-ARAIM, the optimised Horizontal PL (HPL) is 40% lower than that of the baseline algorithm on average, and the average number of critical satellites supporting RNP 0.3 is less than 1 worldwide. For the three-constellation V-ARIAM, the optimised HPL is 27% lower than that of the baseline algorithm on average, and the optimised Vertical PL (VPL) is 18% lower. The proposed method has high availability coverage and can better respond to the requirements for high-performance navigation services.</p>","PeriodicalId":50377,"journal":{"name":"Iet Radar Sonar and Navigation","volume":"18 10","pages":"1966-1979"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/rsn2.12634","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142588010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-agent multi-dimensional joint optimisation of jamming decision-making against multi-functional radar","authors":"Minhong Sun,&nbsp;Shuai Yin,&nbsp;Deguo Zeng","doi":"10.1049/rsn2.12632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/rsn2.12632","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The authors propose a multi-agent, multi-dimensional joint optimisation decision-making strategy to tackle the challenges jammers encounter when interfering with multi-functional radars, which possess advanced anti-interference capabilities. The strategy is divided into optimising the interference style and three parameters: timing, power, and duration, to enhance interference effectiveness. Furthermore, state value reuse is combined with the duelling double deep Q-learning and multi-agent deep deterministic policy gradient algorithms to effectively manage the multi-dimensional optimisation of the interference strategy. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms Ant-QL, heuristic accelerated Q-learning, and asynchronous advantage actor-critic algorithms in terms of convergence speed and stability. It identifies a more efficient strategy for transitioning the radar from its initial state to the state with the lowest threat level to the jammer, achieving a 24% improvement in convergence speed. Additionally, the performance curve exhibits better stability.</p>","PeriodicalId":50377,"journal":{"name":"Iet Radar Sonar and Navigation","volume":"18 10","pages":"1980-1990"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/rsn2.12632","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142588070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Persymmetric direction detector for range-spread target in subspace interference plus homogeneous and partially homogeneous clutter","authors":"Tian Hua-Fei,&nbsp;Wei Guang-Fen,&nbsp;Jian Tao,&nbsp;Zhou Zhan,&nbsp;Luo Yuan","doi":"10.1049/rsn2.12631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/rsn2.12631","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The problem of detecting the direction of range-spread targets in the presence of subspace interference, along with homogeneous and partially homogeneous Gaussian clutter backgrounds characterised by an unknown persymmetric covariance matrix, is being investigated. It is assumed that the interference subspace is linearly independent of the signal subspace, and the coordinates of both subspaces are unknown. Leveraging the property of persymmetry, the two-step Generalised Likelihood Ratio Test and the two-step Wald test are proposed to formulate three detectors in the presence of subspace interference, homogeneous, and partially homogeneous Gaussian clutter. Theoretical derivations and simulations demonstrate that three proposed detectors maintain a constant false alarm rate with respect to the unknown clutter covariance matrix. In comparison to existing detectors in similar backgrounds, particularly in scenarios with limited training data, these three detectors exhibit superior detection performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":50377,"journal":{"name":"Iet Radar Sonar and Navigation","volume":"18 10","pages":"1952-1965"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/rsn2.12631","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142588232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Active reconfigurable intelligent surface-aided multiple-input-multiple-output radar detection in the presence of clutter","authors":"Yu Zhang,&nbsp;Da Li,&nbsp;Bo Tang,&nbsp;Haichuan Zhang,&nbsp;Lei Zuo","doi":"10.1049/rsn2.12623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/rsn2.12623","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) refers to a two-dimensional smart surface consisting of massive number of reflecting elements. Both active RIS (ARIS) and passive RIS (PRIS) are promising technologies that can adapt and reconfigure the wireless environment, enhancing the reliability and capacity of wireless networks. The authors focus on enhancing the detection ability of ARIS/PRIS-aided multiple-input-multiple-output radar system in the presence of signal-dependent clutter. Constant-envelope constraint is imposed on the sought radar waveforms to improve the practicability of the radar system. To tackle the resultant non-convex problem, a cyclic method based on minorisation–maximisation and alternating direction method of multipliers is derived to iteratively optimise the receive filters, the transmit waveforms, and the RIS coefficients. The major finding is that the distance between the radar and the ARIS has little to no impact on the radar signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR). For the PRIS-aided radar system, a simplified model can significantly improve the operational efficiency and has little impact on the radar SINR. Numerous results verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.</p>","PeriodicalId":50377,"journal":{"name":"Iet Radar Sonar and Navigation","volume":"18 10","pages":"1796-1813"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/rsn2.12623","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142588217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rotor unmanned aerial vehicle localization in the building sheltered area based on millimetre-wave frequency-modulated continuous wave radar","authors":"Wanyu Zhang,&nbsp;Xiaolu Zeng,&nbsp;Yifei Yang,&nbsp;Shichao Zhong,&nbsp;Junbo Gong,&nbsp;Xiaopeng Yang","doi":"10.1049/rsn2.12630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/rsn2.12630","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Rotor unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) play an important role in both military and civilian fields nowadays. The safety risks associated with the UAVs increase the urgent need for detecting UAVs in urban environments as well. Moreover, UAVs are easily located in the non-line-of-sight (NLOS) building sheltered area relative to the radar, making it very challenging to detect and localise. A novel algorithm for localising the rotor UAV in the common L-shaped street building sheltered area is proposed. First, the authors establish a multipath signal model for a rotor UAV hovering over an L-shaped street scene, leveraging the frequency-modulated continuous wave signal. Then, the multipath information of the UAV is extracted by identifying the rotating periodicity of the blade embedded in the time-frequency spectrum of the received signal. The back projection imaging is then conducted on the UAV-related multipath. After extracting multipath ghosts in the image, the street area, where the UAV locates, can be determined, and the UAV is further localised using the path reflection characteristics of this area. Simulations and practical experiments based on millimetre waves indicate that the proposed method can enable high-accuracy estimation of rotor UAV in the NLOS building sheltered area.</p>","PeriodicalId":50377,"journal":{"name":"Iet Radar Sonar and Navigation","volume":"18 10","pages":"1937-1951"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/rsn2.12630","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142588264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}