Indian Journal of Dermatology Venereology & Leprology最新文献

{"title":"A novel case of adult xanthogranuloma mimicking keratoacanthoma.","authors":"Xuan Long, Guiying Zhang, Shuaihantian Luo","doi":"10.25259/IJDVL_1122_2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/IJDVL_1122_2025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50376,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Dermatology Venereology & Leprology","volume":" ","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146144315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A randomised control trial to assess the clinical efficacy and metabolic effect of metformin vs pioglitazone in patients with acanthosis nigricans.","authors":"Jinisha Anand Jain, Bhavana Ravindra Doshi, Manjunath Goroshi","doi":"10.25259/IJDVL_538_2025","DOIUrl":"10.25259/IJDVL_538_2025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50376,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Dermatology Venereology & Leprology","volume":" ","pages":"119-121"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144876578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A cross-sectional pilot study evaluating the histopathology of atrophic acne scars with a focus on the vertical depth of ice pick, boxcar, and rolling scars and its implications in skin of colour.","authors":"Abhinav Bansal, Kabir Sardana, Purnima Paliwal, Ananta Khurana, Savitha Sharath","doi":"10.25259/IJDVL_506_2025","DOIUrl":"10.25259/IJDVL_506_2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background Atrophic acne scars are clinically classified as rolling, icepick, or boxcar, but there is scarce data on the histopathology and depth of these scars, particularly in skin of colour. Objectives Our objective was to assess the histological changes in atrophic acne scars and determine the vertical depth of each scar type. Methods A total of 32 boxcar, 10 ice-pick, and 7 rolling scars were biopsied. Tissue samples were stained with haematoxylin and eosin, Verhoeff-van Gieson, and Masson's trichrome stains. Acne scars were identified based on morphological changes in collagen and elastin, loss of pilosebaceous units in the scar area, and tilting of follicular units in the adjoining dermis. The depth of the scars was measured in µm. Results Atrophic acne scars revealed loose, haphazardly arranged collagen (71%) and reduced elastic tissue (96%). Appendageal tilting was noted in 44/49 (90%) biopsies, with consistent pilosebaceous unit loss in the scar. Mean depths of ice-pick, boxcar, and rolling scars were 1933.4 ± 1117.8 µm, 1327.88 ± 571.34 µm, and 1357.14 ± 578.3 µm, respectively. There was a significant difference in the mean depth of scars between ice-pick and boxcar scars (p=0.02). Additional findings noted were scar vascularisation (n=46), ectatic channels in the scar (n=18), mononuclear inflammatory infiltrates (n=43), calcinosis (n=3), demodex mites (n=2), solar elastosis (n=2), pigment-laden macrophages (n=2), granulomatous perifolliculitis (n=4), and pulled up eccrine glands (n=8). Based on existing data, the dose of fractional carbon dioxide (Fr: CO2) laser should be set to achieve an approximate depth of 1933.4 µm to address all atrophic scars. Limitations Small sample size and technical difficulties in histological sectioning of atrophic scar remain the main limitations of our study. Conclusion This study provides novel histological insights into facial atrophic acne scar characteristics and depth in skin of colour. Also, it gives data on the histological depth that needs to be achieved by energy devices, using the appropriate dose based published data.</p>","PeriodicalId":50376,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Dermatology Venereology & Leprology","volume":" ","pages":"14-21"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144876577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy in dermatology: A narrative review.","authors":"Shreya K Gowda, Sonali Gupta, Kaushal K Verma, Vishal Gupta","doi":"10.25259/IJDVL_1877_2025","DOIUrl":"10.25259/IJDVL_1877_2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells are autologous T-cells genetically engineered to express an antigen receptor that can recognise and kill cells expressing that target antigen. Originally developed for refractory or relapsed B-cell and plasma cell malignancies, CAR T-cell therapy is now being explored as a promising treatment for B-cell-mediated autoimmune diseases. CAR-T cells produce 'deep' B-cell depletion and cause 'resetting' of the immune system, thereby achieving long-lasting remissions and potentially even 'cure', addressing some major limitations of current immunosuppressive and biological therapies. This narrative review discusses the current status of CAR T-cell therapy, along with its potential future applications, for dermatological disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":50376,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Dermatology Venereology & Leprology","volume":"92 1","pages":"52-59"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145948796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A cross-sectional analysis of inflammatory markers as a severity and prognostic indicator in severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions.","authors":"Nayana Thara Gs, Varadraj V Pai, Akshay Kadkol, Elreema Fernandes, Pankaj Shulka","doi":"10.25259/IJDVL_1284_2024","DOIUrl":"10.25259/IJDVL_1284_2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background The inflammatory markers (IMs) are a set of biomarkers used clinically to assess a patient for the presence of an active inflammatory disease or disease activity. They are elevated in conditions like infections, malignancies, mental illness and drug reactions among others. Aim The study aimed at identifying the IMs that reflect the severity and recovery in severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions (SCARs). Methods A cross-sectional observational study was conducted among patients with SCARs (Stevens Johnson syndrome [SJS]/ toxic epidermal necrolysis [TEN] and drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms [DRESS]) admitted to a tertiary care hospital over 18 months. Results Twenty SJS/TEN and 8 DRESS cases were included in the study. There were more females in the study (F: M = 2:1). Comparing the IMs of SJS/TEN and DRESS revealed that most markers on day 7 were lower as compared to day 0. There was a significant difference in eosinophil count (EC), procalcitonin (PCT) (p-value <0.05), and recovery time between the two groups. In the SJS/TEN group, markers like ferritin (>2000 ng/mL) and PCT (>2.0 ng/mL) were significantly higher, around the septic range, in patients with concurrent connective tissue disease and culture positivity. Ferritin (p-value- 0.025, rho- 0.578), PCT (p-value- 0.013, rho- 0.239), and ESR (p-value- 0.041, rho- 0.482) were associated with the severity of SJS/TEN. Patients with DRESS had an early recovery with a statistically significantly shorter hospital stay than SJS/TEN (p<0.005). Baseline severity-of-illness score for TEN levels, total counts, and day 7 PCT significantly reflected the time taken for recovery. Limitations Marker analysis was performed at baseline and on day 7 of admission, but not after complete clinical recovery, therefore indicating a trend but limited conclusive behaviour of markers at the time of recovery. Conclusion The progression of IMs in a SCAR follows the clinical course of the illness. IMs like ferritin and PCT, along with routine haematological investigation, aid in identifying the severity, differentiating it among patients with comorbidities, and helping predict the recovery time in SCARs.</p>","PeriodicalId":50376,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Dermatology Venereology & Leprology","volume":" ","pages":"22-30"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144530848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resistance to anti-leprosy drugs in multi-bacillary leprosy patients: The need for transformative action.","authors":"Rashmi Jindal, Itu Singh, Dikshita Goyal, Arnav Mittal, Anuj Saini, Ritu Dhoundiyal, Rahul Sharma, Yashwant Singh Bisht, Samarjit Roy, Ruchi Hemdani","doi":"10.25259/IJDVL_1842_2024","DOIUrl":"10.25259/IJDVL_1842_2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background Leprosy, caused by Mycobacterium leprae, remains a significant public health challenge, particularly in endemic regions. While multidrug therapy (MDT) has been effective, the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to key drugs such as rifampicin, dapsone, and ofloxacin threatens leprosy control programs. Resistance mechanisms include mutations in genes such as rpoB (rifampicin), folP1 (dapsone), and gyrA (ofloxacin). Drug resistance contributes to treatment failures, prolonged transmission, and the emergence of severe complications, necessitating enhanced surveillance and diagnostic capabilities. Aims This study aimed to determine the rates of primary and secondary AMR in M. leprae among multi-bacillary leprosy patients attending a tertiary care institute in Uttarakhand. It also sought to identify patterns of genetic mutations associated with resistance. Methods This prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2022 to June 2024. Patients with a bacteriological index (BI) ≥2, fulfilling specific clinical criteria [treatment-naive, chronic or recurrent erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL), relapse or persistent positive morphological index (MI)] were recruited. Slit skin smears (SSS) were processed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) -based gene amplification to detect mutations in rpoB, folP1 and gyrA. Amplified DNA samples were sequenced and analysed for resistance-associated mutations. Demographic and clinical data, including type of leprosy, BI, MI, and treatment history, were also collected. Results Out of 47 samples tested, 43 were successfully amplified. Resistance was detected in eight cases (17%). Primary resistance was noted in 4/20 treatment-naive patients (20%). Rifampicin resistance, attributed to the F439L mutation, was the most common (n = 4). Dapsone resistance due to P55L and P55S mutations was identified in two cases, while ofloxacin resistance associated with A91V and G89C mutations was seen in two cases. Limitations The study's findings are limited by its sample size and the focus on a single tertiary care centre, potentially restricting the generalisability of results. Additionally, not all samples were successfully amplified for analysis. Conclusion This study underscores the critical need for routine AMR testing in high-risk leprosy cases. Regional variations in resistance patterns necessitate localised surveillance to guide effective treatment strategies. Enhanced diagnostic capabilities, patient education, and policy-level interventions are essential to combat the rising threat of AMR in leprosy.</p>","PeriodicalId":50376,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Dermatology Venereology & Leprology","volume":"92 1","pages":"37-42"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145949086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and validation of the dermoscopy haemangioma activity index (DHAI) - A pilot study.","authors":"Rahul Mahajan, Raihan Ashraf, Amanjot Kaur Arora, Priyadarshini Sahu, Dipankar De, Sanjeev Handa","doi":"10.25259/IJDVL_708_2024","DOIUrl":"10.25259/IJDVL_708_2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background Various dermoscopy patterns and structures in infantile haemangioma (IH) can be used to identify its activity and assess the response to therapy. Aim To formulate and validate a scoring system for IH based on dermoscopy - dermoscopy haemangioma assessment index (DHAI). To compare DHAI with the haemangioma activity score (HAS). Methods Consecutive patients with IH were taken for the study. At the time of presentation, each IH was clinically and by dermoscopy assessed by the first dermatologist. Clinical and dermoscopic images were taken and retrospectively analysed by a second and third dermatologist. The agreement between the three dermatologists was assessed using the inter-class correlation coefficient. Results The study included 45 patients with IH. Among the three observers, reliability analysis showed satisfactory results for DHAI with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.983, indicating good reliability and consistency. Inter-item correlation between all three observers was found to be positive and statistically significant (p-value <0.001). Thus, there was good agreement between the three dermatologists. On comparing with Haemangioma Activity Score (HAS), the correlation between HAS and DHAI was 0.703, which implies a high positive correlation. Limitations The primary limitation in our study was the very small number of patients. Secondly, the scoring system was not assessed longitudinally, so improvement in parameters with time could not be measured. Thirdly, the scoring system was not able to accurately measure the depth of IH. Conclusion DHAI is a good, reliable, and valid scoring system to assess the activity of IH, and can be used for future interventional studies on IH. DHAI can simplify the scoring of IH using a dermoscope and can provide more objective information as compared to the previous scoring system.</p>","PeriodicalId":50376,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Dermatology Venereology & Leprology","volume":"92 1","pages":"31-36"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145948906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinicohistopathological features and outcome of cutaneous and systemic plasmacytosis in 21 Chinese cases: A retrospective study.","authors":"Chunyan Mao, Chenxi Liu, Xueyu Zhang, Lin Wang","doi":"10.25259/IJDVL_262_2025","DOIUrl":"10.25259/IJDVL_262_2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background Cutaneous and systemic plasmacytosis is a rare disorder predominantly observed in individuals of Asian descent. The aetiology, treatment modalities, and prognosis of this condition remain unclear. Objective To describe the clinicohistopathologic features and outcomes in patients with cutaneous and systemic plasmacytosis. Methods We analysed data from 21 patients treated at West China Hospital of Sichuan university from 2011 to 2022. Results All patients exhibited characteristic reddish-brown patches or plaques, primarily located on the trunk, head, face, and neck, with one patient also showing affected soles. Lymphadenopathy was present in 38.9% (7/18), and bone marrow involvement in 100% (7/7). Polyclonal immunoglobulinemia appeared in 91.67% (11/12), with elevated IgG4 in 87.5% (7/8) and IL-6 in 83.3% (5/6). Monoclonal gene rearrangements were observed in 54.5% (6/11) of patients. Over 5.3 years, 11.1% (2/18) partially remitted, while 44.4% (8/18) progressed, with four developing multicentric Castleman disease. Limitations This is a retrospective evaluation with a small number of cases; further prospective studies are warranted to support our inferences. Conclusions Cutaneous and systemic plasmacytosis often follows a chronic, progressive course. Our findings indicate an overlap in pathological features with cutaneous marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (MZBCL) and an association with IgG4-related disease. Additionally, some cases developed into multicentric Castleman disease. Currently, no effective treatment regimen has been established for this condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":50376,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Dermatology Venereology & Leprology","volume":"92 1","pages":"82-90"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145948956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of regulatory T-cells in Hansen's disease: A systematic review.","authors":"Eucimar da Silva Santana, Ana Cristina Favre Paes Barreto Alves, Anna Beatriz Machado Lima, Felipe Tâmara Souto Franco, Hayana Ramos Lima, Iukary Takenami","doi":"10.25259/IJDVL_183_2024","DOIUrl":"10.25259/IJDVL_183_2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Leprosy represents a significant challenge in understanding the multiple immunological mechanisms that influence the distinct clinical forms. This integrative review used the electronic databases MEDLINE/PubMed and the Virtual Health Library (VHL), including 12 studies conducted predominantly in Brazil, China, India, and Ethiopia. We focused on the role of regulatory T (Treg) cells in Hansen's disease, specifically examining their frequency of expression and the functional characteristics of their subpopulations. Findings reveal the ubiquitous nature of Treg across clinical forms, particularly the CD3+CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ phenotype, with a pronounced frequency in multibacillary cases, including borderline-lepromatous and lepromatous leprosy. In these cases, a notable upregulation of inhibitory molecules (CTLA-4, PD-1) and the production of immunoregulatory cytokines (IL-10, TGF-β) are evident in skin lesions and/or in vitro-cultured cells. The intricate interplay of local stimuli, cytokine profiles, antigenic nature, receptor expressions, co-inhibitory molecules, and macrophage types modulates the cellular immune response, influencing disease severity. The increased presence of Treg and their associated products appears to contribute to bacillary multiplication in patients with the disseminated form, fostering disease persistence. This comprehensive review enhances our understanding of Hansen's disease pathogenesis, shedding light on potential avenues for targeted therapeutic interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":50376,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Dermatology Venereology & Leprology","volume":" ","pages":"43-51"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144876513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive approach to child sexual abuse: Insights for dermatologists.","authors":"Krithiga Muralidharan, Daniel Manoj, Dharshini Sathishkumar, Ranjit Immanuel James, Jagadeesh Narayanareddy","doi":"10.25259/IJDVL_246_2025","DOIUrl":"10.25259/IJDVL_246_2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a serious public health issue in India, with long-lasting physical, emotional and psychological consequences. Dermatologists play a crucial, though often underappreciated, role in the identification and management of CSA due to expertise in recognising and interpreting cutaneous signs, which are the most common and visible indicators of abuse. The authors explore the pivotal role of dermatologists in the multidisciplinary approach to CSA, emphasising their involvement in history-taking, physical examination, injury interpretation, and forensic evidence collection. The article also discusses the importance of timely reporting to authorities and adhering to treatment protocols based on the prevalent guidelines. This article attempts to create awareness among practising dermatologists in India about their role in the early detection and comprehensive care of CSA survivors. We also believe that this article will act as a guiding force for them to manage CSA cases effectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":50376,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Dermatology Venereology & Leprology","volume":" ","pages":"60-67"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144530847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}